A helping hand: artificial nest site provisioning increases breeding success of a tropical seabird     

LA Hart  J Gane  I Olivier  M Brown 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(2):233-239

Common white terns Gygis alba lay a single egg balanced on rocks or branches and consequently are at risk of low nesting success. A novel technique of hollowing out coconut husks and providing artificial nest sites was developed on Cousine Island, Seychelles. Our study aimed to critically assess whether common white tern nesting success differed between artificial and natural nest sites. For natural nest sites, nesting success and the stage of nest failure were also compared between seasons, nest heights, and tree species. Finally, we compared results from our study to those of a study conducted 10 years ago on the same island. Nesting success differed significantly between artificial nests and natural nests, with the success of artificial nests nearly double that of natural nests. Hatching success was similar for artificial and natural nests (65% and 52% respectively), suggesting coconut husks do not reduce egg losses, but rather provide secure perches for young chicks. Most natural nest failures occurred during the egg phase (70%), followed by the youngest chick phase (21%). Of the eggs that hatched in natural nests, 61% fledged successfully. Tree species and season significantly influenced nesting success for natural nests and nest height varied significantly between tree species. Higher nesting success was observed during the mixed seasonal period (50%) followed by the cooler, windier and drier South-East Monsoon season (33%). The hotter and more humid North-West Monsoon period had the lowest nesting success (20%). Comparisons of nesting success at natural and artificial nest sites with the earlier study did not differ significantly, despite a smaller population of common white terns being present on the island at that stage. Our results support the use of artificial nest sites to improve nesting success for this species and serve as a model for similar species currently under threat.  相似文献   

Fluorine and chlorine in apatites,micas, and amphiboles of layered trap intrusions of the Siberian Platform     

V.V. Ryabov  O.N. Simonov  S.G. Snisar 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(4):363-373

Geochemistry of chlorine and fluorine in apatites, micas, and amphiboles in rocks from eight intrusive complexes of the Siberian Platform has been first studied on the basis of new factual and analytical data (more than 1000 analyses). The main attention is focused on minerals from layered intrusions. Most apatites show F > Cl; the maximum contents of halogens are specific to chlorapatite (6.97 wt.% Cl) and fluorapatite (6.04 wt.% F). The total f value (f = Fe/(Fe + Mg), at.%) of femic minerals varies from 2 to 98 at.% in micas and from 22 to 95 at.% in amphiboles. The Cl-f and F-f trends show an increase in the Cl content and a decrease in the F content in the minerals with increasing f. Chlorine clearly exhibits ferrophilic properties, and fluorine has magnesiophilic properties. The halogen-richest minerals are fluorophlogopite (F = 7.06 wt.%, f = 7 at.%), chlorannite (Cl = 6.30 wt.%, f = 89 at.%), and chloroferrihastingsite (Cl = 5.22 wt.%, f = 90 at.%). Coexisting micas and amphiboles in the rocks are close in f value, but the micas are richer in Cl than the amphiboles. We assume that the halogen-containing minerals crystallized at the high pressure of halogen-hydrocarbon fluids at the levels of the MW, IW, and QIF buffers. The reducing conditions of the magmatism process are also evidenced by the presence of graphite and native metals in the rocks. The similarity of the Cl-f and F-f trends of micas and amphiboles from different intrusive complexes indicates the same mechanisms of the melt differentiation and mineral crystallization.  相似文献   

浙江新昌早白垩世木化石新材料及内含真菌菌丝化石     

朱志鹏  李丰硕  谢奥伟  田宁  王永栋 《地质学报》2018,92(6):1149-1162

浙江新昌下白垩统馆头组是我国南方地区为数不多的白垩纪木化石产出层位。本文报道了新昌地区馆头组木化石新材料及其内含真菌菌丝化石。木化石具明显生长轮,管胞径壁纹孔南洋杉式(多数单列、椭圆形、紧挤排列,偶见双列互生排列);交叉场纹孔南洋杉式;木射线单列式,多数2~11个细胞高。当前木化石新材料具有与现生南洋杉科植物相类似的木材解剖特征,显示其应归入贝壳杉型木属(Agathoxylon Hartig)。鉴于该类型木化石的分类现状仍有待厘清,将其定为Agathoxylonsp.。木化石内含真菌菌丝化石,管状,具横隔,平直或弯曲,常以不同角度分叉,菌丝壁光滑,具典型的锁状联合,属于担子菌类。当前木化石木材组织具有明显的木材腐朽特征,与现代真菌造成的木材白腐一致,推断此真菌化石为木材白腐菌。新昌地区贝壳杉型木属木化石新材料的发现进一步丰富了馆头组木化石的多样性,有助于增进对南方地区早白垩世植物群组成特征的认识。当前真菌菌丝化石是我国南方地区首次发现白垩纪担子菌化石,为探究白垩纪时期森林生态系统真菌与植物的相互作用提供了新的化石证据。  相似文献   

不同颜色青海软玉微观形貌和矿物组成特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

于海燕  阮青锋  孙媛  李东升 《岩矿测试》2018,37(6):626-636

青海软玉颜色丰富,近年来对青海软玉矿物学的研究不少,但针对不同颜色青海软玉矿物学特征的研究还存在欠缺。本文利用偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子探针及粉晶X射线衍射仪器,从透闪石微形貌特征、微观结构、矿物组成及结晶度四个方面,研究了青海软玉颜色与矿物学特征的对应关系。结果表明:白玉、烟青玉、糖玉中透闪石主要为纤维状,显微纤维变晶结构,结晶度为96. 12%～96. 88%;青白玉和翠青玉中透闪石主要为叶片状,显微叶片变晶结构,结晶度为97. 35%,97. 32%;青玉和碧玉中透闪石主要为叶片状,显微叶片-隐晶质变晶结构,结晶度为95. 48%,95. 29%;黄玉中透闪石主要为柱状,显微柱状变晶结构,结晶度为97. 84%。青海软玉主要组成矿物均为透闪石,含量在95%以上,部分次要矿物如翠青玉中的榍石、黄玉中的钙长石、青玉中的菱镁矿、碧玉中的铬铁矿、糖玉中的斜黝帘石只出现在特定颜色的青海软玉样品中。研究认为不同颜色青海软玉矿物学特征确实存在差异,这些特征为研究不同颜色青海软玉成矿环境及成矿条件提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

White spot syndrome virus envelope protein VP124 involved in the virus infection     

ZHU Yanbing  WU Chenglin  YANG Feng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(4):130-136

White spot syndrome virus （WSSV） is one of the major shrimp pathogens causing large economic losses to shrimp farming. In an attempt to identify the envelope proteins involved in the virus infection, purified WSSV virions were mixed with three antisera against WSSV envelope proteins （VP39, VP124 and VP187 ）, individually. And then they were injected intramuscularly into crayfish （Procambarus clarkii） to conduct in vivo neutralization assays. The results showed that for groups injected with virions only and groups injected with the mixture of virions and antiserum against VP124, the crayfish mortalities were 100% and 60% on the 8th day postinfection, individually. The virus infection could be delayed or neutralized by antibody against the envelope protein VP124. Quantitative PCR was used to further investigate the influence of three antisera described above on the virus infection. The results showed that the antiserum against VP124 could restrain the propagation of WSSV in crayfish. All of the results suggested that the viral envelope protein VP124 played a role in WSSV infection.  相似文献   

三疣梭子蟹几丁质酶基因(PtCht6)的克隆及其在免疫中的功能分析     

宋柳  吕建建  王磊  孙东方  刘萍 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(5):1080-1090

几丁质酶(chitinase)在甲壳动物的蜕皮、消化和免疫等很多生物学过程中发挥重要功能,为深入探讨几丁质酶的免疫防御机制,本实验利用RACE技术克隆了三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)PtCht6基因。该基因cDNA全长2736bp,开放阅读框(ORF)2103bp,编码700个氨基酸,具有几丁质酶GH18家族典型特征。利用实时荧光定量技术分析PtCht6在三疣梭子蟹不同组织、不同蜕皮阶段、不同病原感染以及低盐胁迫(11)下的表达特征,结果显示:PtCht6在各组织中均有表达且在肝胰腺中的表达量最高;在不同蜕皮时期的肝胰腺中,其表达量由蜕皮后期(A/B)、蜕皮间期(C)、蜕皮前期(D)依次递减(P0.05);人工感染WSSV和副溶血弧菌后.PtCht6的表达量在肝胰腺中分别于12h、72h达到最大值,在血细胞中均于12h达到最大值,且相较于对照组,整体显著上调表达(P0.05);低盐胁迫能够显著抑制该基因的表达,最高抑制73倍(P0.05)。同时发现,低盐环境下感染WSSV后,该基因达到峰值的时间明显延迟(至少延迟12h.P0.05)。该研究结果预示PtCht6作为免疫因子参与三疣梭子蟹的病原防御,且低盐胁迫在一定程度上抑制了该基因的免疫功能。  相似文献   

海底爆破振动强度衰减规律及中华白海豚保护措施研究     

费鸿禄  关福晨  包士杰  肖绍青 《海洋通报》2019,38(4):405-414

为确保海底爆破施工所诱发的振动不对中华白海豚造成危害,基于量纲分析法对萨道夫斯基经验公式进行修正,建立适用于预测海底爆破质点峰值振动速度的相似准数方程。在此基础上根据现场试验数据进行非线性回归运算,得到相关参数并分析了海底爆破振动强度衰减规律。分析表明:海底爆破质点峰值振速主要由单段装药量、监测点距爆心水平距离、覆盖层厚度及海水深度等因素决定。将参数值分别代入萨氏公式及新建公式计算预测值并进行误差估计,其平均误差分别为20.3%和10.0%,新建公式提高了对质点振速预测的准确性。利用新建公式及超压内安全振速估算保护中华白海豚的安全距离并提出相应的保护措施,为同类工程施工提供理论参考依据。  相似文献   

巡天项目中的白矮星搜寻     

孔啸  罗阿理 《天文学进展》2019,(3):287-303

首先,描述了白矮星的颜色特点和光谱型分类。白矮星是大多数恒星的终极状态,它会随着时间的推移而逐渐冷却。根据表面大气成分,它被划分成DA和DB等不同的光谱型。对某一颗白矮星来说,其光谱型分类可能会随着时间的推移而发生变化,这主要是由于其大气包层中的元素含量被对流过程改变引起的。为了对各类光谱型有更深入的研究,样本的完备性不可或缺。得益于近十几年来大型巡天项目的开展(如斯隆数字巡天、郭守敬望远镜的光谱巡天等),目前通过光谱证认的白矮星已超过4×10~4颗,其中绝大多数是H主导的DA型白矮星,另外还包含2 000多颗He主导的DB白矮星。此外,GALEX项目和GAIA卫星分别提供了有价值的白矮星紫外数据、空间位置和速度等信息。这些数据和信息对于白矮星的研究工作起到了非常大的促进作用。随后,对白矮星的大气参数、质量和运动学等内容作了简单的总结。人们利用模板匹配测量了绝大多数已知白矮星的大气参数,并获得了DB型白矮星的有效温度与紫外颜色间的线性关系。基于斯隆数字巡天的光谱数据,白矮星的质量分布和质量-半径关系也得到了较深入的研究。小质量白矮星具有较大的速度弥散,而大质量的则相反。最后,讨论了白矮星的形成和演化机制,这些机制都是基于现有的理论模型得到的。随着巡天项目中白矮星样本的增加,现有的模型会逐渐被修正和完善,新的模型也将随之建立。  相似文献   

Stochastic Response Analysis of Piled Offshore Platform Excited by Stationary Filtered White Noise     

Luo Chuanxin Wu Zhiping Professor 《中国海洋工程》1997,(1)

In this paper,the analysis method of stochastic response of piled offshore platform excited bystationary filtered white noise is presented.With this method,the strong ground motion is considered asthree direction stationary filtered white noise process,the theoretic solutions of three special integrationequations are derived with the residue theorem,and the expression of response nodal displacements andmember forces of offshore platform excited by the stationary filtered white noise is put forward.Thestochastic response of a piled offshore platform excited by the stationary filtered white noise,which is lo-cated 114.3m in water depth,is computed.The results are compared with those obtained with the re-sponse spectrum analysis method and the stationary white noise model analysis method,and the corre-sponding conclusion is drawn.  相似文献   

末次间冰期兰州黄土记录中的粘土矿物及其环境意义探讨   总被引：21，自引：2，他引：21  

师育新  戴雪荣 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1997,17(1):87-94

本文研究了末次间冰肮分辨率兰州黄土（Ｓ１）２１个样口的粘土矿物，并与现代尘暴沉积物作了对比。研究结果表明，Ｓ１三个古土壤导春间所夹两个黄土层中的粘土矿物组合特征基本一致，以伊利石为主，其次为绿泥石和高岭石及少量伊／蒙间层矿物。粘土矿物的形成以碎屑成因为主，其一在剖面上的变化具有批示气候变化的意义。古土壤层中伊利石结晶度较黄土层中低，反映在气候温暖潮湿的条件下粘土矿物受到了不同和蔼的改造。粘土矿物总  相似文献