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排序方式: 共有1337条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
31.
硫多金属矿床开采对水环境的影响——以福建大田地区矿产开发为例 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
闽西大田地区矿床采选冶活动对水土生态环境系统造成了严重的破坏,矿区采选矿废水pH值、SO4^2-浓度远远超过水环境标准,选矿废水和接纳采选矿废水的河流水体中Fe、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的含量大部分超过地面5类水标准,少部分超过4类水标准,矿区采选矿业废水是地表水金属污染的重要源头。矿业废水pH值与金属Fe、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的含量具有明显的负相关关系,SO4^2-浓度与金属离子Fe、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd浓度具有较一致的变化规律。提出整治硫多金属矿山环境污染,应坚持因地制宜、矿业资源开发与环境保护并重的方针,用石灰石碱性中和酸性废水,隔离覆盖尾矿矿堆,对废弃矿山植树种草进行生态修复,对效益低下的开采矿山退矿还林,对严重环境污染的矿山实行关闭,对新开矿山要进行科学规划开发。 相似文献
32.
高放废物处置库选址中低渗透介质地质研究的几个问题 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
低渗透介质是阻碍有害物质在地下迁移良好的天然屏障, 因此成为高放废物处置库围岩类型的首选。本文通过对高放废物处置库选址中地质研究的回顾, 阐述了低渗透介质地质研究的特点, 对地质参数测定、取样、水流模拟、地球化学模拟进行了重点介绍。 相似文献
33.
地下非均匀非饱和带中地下洞室的渗流问题数值模拟--介质参数的灵敏度分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
影响任何一个地下废物处置场所长期行为的一个重要因素是进入地下废物贮置洞室内的渗流量的大小,预测地下洞室中的渗流量是困难的,特别是当地下废物贮置洞室位于非均质非饱和带中,三维数值模型用于研究地下非均质中非饱和流动及流入地下洞室中的渗流量,讨论了非均质模型与均质模型的比较以及数值剖分尺度对计算结果的影响,进入洞室中的渗漏率随着引入系统中入渗量的增加而增大,选用4个参数来衡量渗流场的非均质程度:(1)介质的平均渗透率K0;(2)Van Genuchten参数α;(3)渗透率空间分布相关尺度;(4)渗透率空间分布变化的标准差σ,根据一个随机实现的渗透率分布,通过改变平均渗透率来研究其对流入洞室中渗透量的影响,对一个固定的入渗率而言,流入洞室中的渗漏率将随着Van Genuchten参数α的减小而减小,模拟结果表明流入洞室的渗漏率与介质的平均渗透率相关,即随平均渗透率的增大,流入洞室的渗漏率亦增大,流入洞室的渗漏率还高度依赖于非均质渗透率场的空间分布相关长度与标准差,一个大的相关长度或高的标准差均能导致流入洞室的渗漏率增大。 相似文献
34.
Abstract. In order to know the behaviors of radioactive elements such as cesium and strontium during a hydrothermal alteration of borosilicate glass of radioactive waste, some alumino-borosilicate glasses belonging to the systems Na2 O-Al2 O3 -B2 O3 -SiO2 -SrO, Na2 O-Al2 O3 -B2 O3 -SiO2 -Cs2 O and Na2 O-Al2 -O3 -B2 O3 -SiO2 -SrO-Cs2 O have been treated hydrothermally at 200C under a vapor pressure of 1.54 MPa. The result shows that all glasses are changed into crystalline phases with running time up to 60 days, and that analcime-type zeolite is formed as a major product. The formed zeolite is shown to contain cesium and/or strontium. Considering the fact that natural zeolite occurs in wide physicochemical conditions including hydrothermal one, the analcime-type zeolite is expected to fix stably the radioactive elements in the disposal site. Since aluminum is necessary for the formation of the analcime-type zeolite, the waste glass should have aluminum as one of major components. 相似文献
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37.
利用新疆干旱区地理环境、气候特征对工业有害废物填埋处置场的选址、设计特点及安全性预测等问题进行了研究,以某工厂有害废渣填埋处置场为例结合有关固体废物安全填埋研究课题成果,对干旱区与湿润区有害固体废物填埋工作的特点做了分析对比,对填埋处置场(坑)的设计计算及安全性预测等提出了创新的观点和方法.对于在干旱、半干旱区既安全又经济地进行有害废物填埋工作有较高的参考价值. 相似文献
38.
David L. McGinnis 《The Professional geographer》1997,49(1):117-125
This study develops observed climate-based downscaling transfer functions that are used with general circulation model (GCM) output to assess potential global-change impacts on Upper Colorado Plateau, USA, water resources. Daily automated snow water equivalent stations are used with 700 mb atmospheric circulation to determine empirical transfer functions. Downscaling methodologies using multiple regression and neural networks are evaluated, with the neural network results explaining approximately 70%of the daily snowfall variance. The neural network-based transfer functions are used with the GENESIS GCM to simulate snowfall characteristics in both a 1xCO2 and a 2xCO2 climate. While the total precipitation simulated by the 2xCO2 analysis remains nearly the same as today, less will fall as snow; specifically, snow water equivalence shows significant reduction (except in the Green River Basin) as the snow season is reduced by 58 days on average. 相似文献
39.
MARTIN J. PASQUALETTI 《Geographical review》1997,87(1):73-91
ABSTRACT. From the perspective of a human lifetime, the hazards of some nuclear wastes are permanent, so the warnings we place at contaminated nuclear sites must be permanent too. I address questions of how best to provide one hundred centuries of public warning at the first facility for permanent disposal, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico. Scenarios of intrusion developed to guide the design of warning markers predicted that most of the changes in the area will be social and cultural. Because blatant and permanent markers will increase, not reduce, the probability of inadvertent intrusion, the most appropriate warning is a “landscape of illusion.” Such a landscape needs not permanent surface markers but underground warning devices beneath a soft surface marker. No warning can guarantee deterrence for 10,000 years, however. 相似文献
40.
B. Indraratna 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1996,14(3):169-191
In Australia, colluvial soils form large terrains which are often subjected to considerable erosion and mass movement. This study presents a laboratory evaluation of the improvement effected by hydrated lime, milled blast furnace slag and fly ash on a fine grained (erosive) colluvial soil in New South Wales, Australia. Geotechnical tests were conducted to determine the compaction and consolidation characteristics and the compressive and shear strength properties of the blended and natural soil specimens. The effect of these additives on the Atterberg limits and pH levels is also investigated. As large amounts of fly ash and steel slag are produced in New South Wales, it is economically attractive to utilize these industrial by-products for ground improvement rather than employing conventional methods such as lime treatment. This study demonstrates that for the colluvial soil tested, milled slag is the most effective in terms of improving the internal friction angle of the treated soil, while lime is the most suitable for achieving the optimum compressive strength. Non-pozzolanic fly ash is found to be inappropriate as a soil improving agent. The cost of ground treatment using the various additives is also estimated and compared. 相似文献