安徽金寨沙坪沟矿区地应力测量与现今应力场研究     

秦向辉  陈群策  郝越进  孟文  孙东生 《地球学报》2016,37(2):223-231

安徽金寨沙坪沟钼矿位于秦岭—大别山成矿带东段,是近年来我国发现的世界级特大钼矿,其开采设计和地质安全评价备受重视。为了查明沙坪沟矿区现今应力场特征,指导矿区开采设计,在矿区3个700~1000 m深钻孔中开展了水压致裂法地应力测量工作,测量结果表明:(a)矿区最大、最小水平主应力随深度增加梯度系数分别为0.0226和0.0166,与区域地应力背景值基本一致;(b)矿区实测最大水平主应力优势方位为NE-NEE向,与区域构造应力场方向一致;(c)实测地应力数据揭示的应力结构与区域结果存在差异,分析认为,沙坪沟矿区所在的桐柏—大别构造带特殊的构造位置和构造活动机制可能是造成这种差异的主要原因。进一步,利用库伦滑动摩擦准则评价了实测地应力数据,探讨了其对矿区开采设计的意义,结果表明,矿区现今地应力强度不足以导致以断裂失稳活动或地震为表现形式的地应力状态调整事件的发生,从地应力角度讲,沙坪沟矿区目前总体处于稳定的构造应力环境。本文结果,对于沙坪沟矿区开采设计、地质安全评价及大别山造山带东段构造应力场研究有重要意义。  相似文献   

天然气水合物稳定带内流体压裂计算的程序耦合方法     

刘金龙  王淑红  AsiriObeysekara  XIANGJiansheng  PabloSalinas  ChristopherPain  JonnyRutqvist  颜文 《热带海洋学报》2020,39(1):94-105

海洋天然气水合物稳定带气烟囱结构中存在被水合物充填的裂隙, 表明在自然条件下沉积物中曾发生过流体压裂以及相关的流体流动和水合物形成。在水合物稳定带内实施人为的流体压裂工程, 并联合其他方法(如降压或注热)进行水合物开采, 有望提高开采效率。水合物稳定带内, 无论是自然条件下发生的流体压裂过程, 还是人为实施的流体压裂工程, 都存在水合物反应和沉积物裂隙变形之间的耦合响应。当前, 已有不少数值程序对水合物反应与沉积物弹塑性变形的耦合过程进行了定量研究, 但尚没有数值程序能够计算水合物反应和离散裂隙变形之间的耦合过程。文章将TOUGH+Hydrate程序、IC-FERST和Solidity两者的耦合程序进行了进一步耦合, 为水合物稳定带内的流体压裂计算提供了一种耦合计算方法, 同时通过一个算例初步验证了该耦合计算方法的可行性。验证结果表明, 该耦合计算方法经进一步改进后有望应用于定量研究水合物稳定带内的裂隙变形和水合物反应过程。  相似文献   

新疆北山大地构造属性及演化特征   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

张旺生 《新疆地质》1992,(2)

本文首次提出新疆北山古生代大地构造属性为板内断裂造山带,具有下列基本特征:①造山带形成和发展受主断裂控制;②以成熟度低、分选差的陆源碎屑沉积为主;③岩浆活动有其本身的特点;④横向不均一性特征非常突出;⑤剖面结构构造特征,主要从造山带两侧分别向外缘逆冲,构成背冲型;⑥空间上由三个断裂造山带平行排列组合在一起;⑦时间上经历了三个断裂造山旋回。  相似文献   

U – Pb zircon ages from leucogneiss in the Etheridge Group and their significance for the early history of the Georgetown region,north Queensland     

LP Black  IW Withnall  P Gregory    JHC Bain 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3):385-401

The Timbarra Tablelands pluton is an extensive (～550 km²) complexly zoned intrusion forming one of many predominantly monzogranite I‐type plutons, which constitute the Moonbi Supersuite in northern New South Wales, Australia. It comprises an outer rim of Rocky River monzogranite (Zones 1–3), an intermediate zone of Sandy Creek syenogranite (Zones 4A–4C), surrounding a core of Surface Hill syenogranite (Zones 5–7). The suite is calc‐alkaline, high‐K, and varies from mildly metaluminous to weakly peraluminous with increasing fractionation. Average Rb/Sr ratios range from 0.4 in the least evolved very coarse‐grained monzogranite (Zone 3) to 46 in the most evolved very fine‐grained biotite microgranite (Zone 6). Trace‐element modelling indicates that the observed compositional variation could have been produced by crystal fractionation. New bulk rock major‐ and trace‐element data for 71 samples are presented, and indicate that a compositional continuum exists that varies between 63 and 78 wt% SiO₂. Importantly, there is no systematic chemical variation with spatial distribution of samples from the core of the pluton to its margin, requiring multiple separate pulses of an evolving magma to explain compositional discontinuities. The pluton is interpreted to have been emplaced at mesozonal levels (～180 ± 60 MPa, 5–10 km depth) and crystallised at temperatures between 620 and 820°C under moderately oxidising conditions (log fO₂ = ‐11.5 to ‐19). The association of gold‐molybdenite mineralisation at Timbarra with moderately oxidised I‐type magmas is consistent with fractionation‐redox controls on ore‐element behaviour in magmatic systems in other studies.  相似文献   

Finite element simulations of 3D planar hydraulic fracture propagation using a coupled hydro-mechanical interface element     

Qian Gao  Ahmad Ghassemi 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(15):1999-2024

Two-dimensional hydraulic fracturing simulations using the cohesive zone model (CZM) can be readily found in the literature; however, to our knowledge, verified 3D cohesive zone modeling is not available. We present the development of a 3D fully coupled hydro-mechanical finite element method (FEM) model (with parallel computation framework) and its application to hydraulic fracturing. A special zero-thickness interface element based on the CZM is developed for modeling fracture propagation and fluid flow. A local traction-separation law with strain softening is used to capture tensile cracking. The model is verified by considering penny-shaped hydraulic fracture and plain strain Kristianovich‑Geertsma‑de Klerk hydraulic fracture (in 3D) in the viscosity- and toughness-dominated regimes. Good agreement between numerical results and analytical solutions has been achieved. The model is used to investigate the influence of rock and fluid properties on hydraulic fracturing. Lower stiffness tip cohesive elements tend to yield a larger elastic deformation around the fracture tips before the tensile strength is reached, generating a larger fracture length and lower fracture pressure compared with higher stiffness elements. It is found that the energy release rate has almost no influence on hydraulic fracturing in the viscosity-dominated regime because the energy spent in creating new fractures is too small when compared with the total input energy. For the toughness-dominated regime, the released energy during fracturing should be accurately captured; relatively large tensile strength should be used in order to match numerical results to the asymptotic analytical solutions. It requires smaller elements when compared with those used in the viscosity-dominated regime.  相似文献   

Rapid simulation of multiple radially growing hydraulic fractures using an energy‐based approach          下载免费PDF全文

Cheng Cheng  Andrew P. Bunger 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2016,40(7):1007-1022

The goal of hydraulic fracturing stimulation of horizontal wells is typically to generate uniform, simultaneously growing hydraulic fractures from 3 to 6 initiation/entry sites that are spaced within a certain interval of the wellbore comprising a so‐called stage. Because of the stress interaction among growing hydraulic fractures, however, it is hard to attain simultaneous growth of all hydraulic fractures. While models have been proven useful for devising mitigation strategies of these so‐called stress‐shadow effects, the required simulations are so computationally expensive that optimization is possible only in the simplest cases. Here, we present an approximate (energy‐based) model capable of running an entire simulation in 1–2s, which is about one million times faster than the benchmark model. The approach is built on asymptotic solutions to approximate growth of radial hydraulic fractures, a far field approximation for the stress shadow interactions among growing hydraulic fractures, and coupling the effect of the stress shadow to fracture growth via a global energy balance equation. We show very close agreement in predictions of the lengths of each fracture in the array between the approximate model and the benchmark model, thus verifying that the new approximate model is useful for optimization of hydraulic fracture design. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

页岩油藏多段水平井压后关井阶段压力扩散数学模型研究     

赵振峰 《地质与勘探》2022,58(3):686-695

多段多簇水平井压裂技术作为页岩油藏的重要开发手段已经得到了广泛认同,压后关井能充分发挥渗吸的作用,提高单井压后产量,但目前压裂液渗吸作用区域一直是困扰油藏工程师的重要难题。本文以陇东页岩油藏多段压裂井为研究对象,基于物质平衡原理,利用渗流力学和岩石力学理论,建立了压裂施工过程中和压后关井过程中流体压力扩散数学模型,研究了压力扩散和压裂液波及体积随时间的变化关系。结果表明：压裂液波及体积随关井时间的增加逐渐增加,但增加的幅度会逐渐降低。储层渗透率越小,孔隙度越大,压裂施工时间越长,关井阶段井底压力越高,地层能量越高。该结果可为页岩油藏最佳关井时间的确定提供理论支持。  相似文献   

薄互层水力裂缝垂向扩展控制因素试验研究     

周培尧  潘丽燕  陈华生  王斌  邹志坤  张敏 《岩土力学》2022,43(Z2):299-306

新疆油田某地区油藏的储隔层岩性组合复杂,呈现突出的薄互层产状特征,研究合、分压判断条件有利于提高压裂效率,增强储层动用程度与压后改造效果。水力裂缝在薄互层中的穿层与裂缝扩展行为受薄互层地质特征与压裂施工参数的影响。基于此,开展了薄互层物理模型压裂试验,研究界面胶结、岩层分布、岩层厚度、压裂液黏度与注液排量对薄互层中水力裂缝垂向扩展的影响分析。试验结果表明：薄互层的地层特征界面胶结与岩层分布是水力裂缝垂向扩展的主要控制因素,界面胶结强度对裂缝垂向扩展行为的影响强于岩层分布;由于弱胶结界面的存在,水力裂缝垂向扩展穿层时可发生方向偏转,抑制裂缝垂向扩展;提高压裂液黏度与注液排量有利于薄互层中水力裂缝的穿层垂向扩展。  相似文献   

水力裂缝穿越非连续面扩展时的断裂过程研究     

陈磊  张广清  张敏  曹庾杰  谌立吉 《岩土力学》2023,44(1):159-170

非连续面发育是非常规油气储层的显著地质特征之一,水力裂缝能否穿越非连续面扩展会关系到压裂的改造效果。为研究水力裂缝穿越非连续面扩展时断裂过程区（fracture process zone,简称FPZ）发育特征,采用自主设计的可视化压裂试验装置对含预制摩擦界面的砂岩平板试件开展水力压裂试验。基于数字图像相关法实时监测了水力裂缝正交穿越界面扩展过程中的位移及应变场特征。试验结果表明,水力裂缝穿越界面扩展之前,断裂过程区已经开始跨越界面发育;裂缝能否穿越界面扩展在FPZ的初始发育阶段已经注定,不受FPZ内应力软化过程影响。基于Renshaw-Pollard准则建立了考虑FPZ边界范围的裂缝穿越非连续面扩展准则,并通过前人及文中试验数据进行了可靠性验证。相比而言,改进准则更准确地考虑了裂缝前端线弹性断裂力学的适用范围。研究发现FPZ长宽比对裂缝穿越界面扩展准则有显著影响,相同条件下,FPZ长宽比越大,裂缝正交穿越界面扩展所需要的摩擦系数下限值越小。  相似文献   

Experimental Research on Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fracturing of Sedimentary Rock: A Critical Review     

ZHENG Bowen  QI Shengwen  LU Wei  GUO Songfeng  WANG Zan  YU Xin  ZHANG Yan 《《地质学报》英文版》2023,97(3):925-945

Supercritical carbon dioxide(ScCO₂) fracturing has great advantages and prospects in both shale gas exploitation and CO₂ storage. This paper reviews current laboratory experimental methods and results for sedimentary rocks fractured by ScCO₂. The breakdown pressure, fracture parameters, mineral composition, bedding plane angle and permeability are discussed. We also compare the differences between sedimentary rock and granite fractured by ScCO₂, ultima...  相似文献