Completion and stimulation trends in North American unconventional plays and resulting impact on well productivity          下载免费PDF全文

Roman Galchenko  Qing Liu  Yan Gao  Yu Liu  David He  Josh Zhang  Huailiang Liu  Xiaohua Ke 《探矿工程》2021,48(10):1-12

过去十年,非常规油气勘探开发在全球范围内大幅扩张。水平钻井和多级水力压裂技术也在不断地发展和创新,使得超长水平井成为可能。同时,因为压裂强度不断增加,作业者可以最大限度地提高储层接触面积和对储层的改造体积 （SRV）。然而,完井优化方面的挑战仍然存在,作业者持续不断地尝试和试验各种完井与增产参数组合,以确保非常规油气藏开发的经济可行性。优选最佳的完井与增产参数组合是一项非常关键的任务,应结合油气田的具体储层特征进行优化。本文总结了2014—2020年间北美9个主要非常规油气藏的压裂增产趋势,包括Marcellus, Haynesville, Barnett, Utica, Bone Spring, Bakken, Wolfcamp Midland, Eagle Ford, Scoop/Stack。分析了各油气田几个关键的完井和增产参数的整体趋势,同时还评估了单个参数（如水平段压裂长度、支撑剂强度、段间距等）对井产能的影响。然后对比分析相应的初始井产量（90 天平均初始产量）,评估各个参数对产能的影响,从而确定每个完井参数的最佳范围,以实现产能最优化。  相似文献   

The 26{middle dot}5 ka Oruanui Eruption, Taupo Volcano, New Zealand: Development, Characteristics and Evacuation of a Large Rhyolitic Magma Body     

WILSON  C. J. N.; BLAKE  S.; CHARLIER  B. L. A.; SUTTON  A. N. 《Journal of Petrology》2006,47(1):35-69

The caldera-forming 26·5 ka Oruanui eruption (Taupo,New Zealand) erupted 530 km³ of magma, >99% rhyolitic, <1%mafic. The rhyolite varies from 71·8 to 76·7 wt% SiO₂ and 76 to 112 ppm Rb but is dominantly 74–76 wt% SiO₂. Average rhyolite compositions at each stratigraphiclevel do not change significantly through the eruption sequence.Oxide geothermometry, phase equilibria and volatile contentsimply magma storage at 830–760°C, and 100–200MPa. Most rhyolite compositional variations are explicable by28% crystal fractionation involving the phenocryst and accessoryphases (plagioclase, orthopyroxene, hornblende, quartz, magnetite,ilmenite, apatite and zircon). However, scatter in some elementconcentrations and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, and the presence of non-equilibriumcrystal compositions imply that mixing of liquids, phenocrystsand inherited crystals was also important in assembling thecompositional spectrum of rhyolite. Mafic compositions comprisea tholeiitic group (52·3–63·3 wt % SiO₂)formed by fractionation and crustal contamination of a contaminatedtholeiitic basalt, and a calc-alkaline group (56·7–60·5wt % SiO₂) formed by mixing of a primitive olivine–plagioclasebasalt with rhyolitic and tholeiitic mafic magmas. Both maficgroups are distinct from other Taupo Volcanic Zone eruptivesof comparable SiO₂ content. Development and destruction by eruptionof the Oruanui magma body occurred within 40 kyr and Oruanuicompositions have not been replicated in vigorous younger activity.The Oruanui rhyolite did not form in a single stage of evolutionfrom a more primitive forerunner but by rapid rejuvenation ofa longer-lived polygenetic, multi-age ‘stockpile’of silicic plutonic components in the Taupo magmatic system. KEY WORDS: Taupo Volcanic Zone; Taupo volcano; Oruanui eruption; rhyolite, zoned magma chamber; juvenile mafic compositions; eruption withdrawal systematics  相似文献   

重大工程建设中的地应力测量及其在设计中的应用     

郭啟良 《震灾防御技术》2006,1(2):105-112

水压致裂技术现已发展成为确定地下洞室三维原地应力状态、高压洞室围岩的自身承载能力以及岩体高压透水性的可靠实用方法,并已经在核废料处置、长大深埋交通隧道以及水电站高压力洞室工程中得到广泛应用。实践表明,综合测定岩体的物理力学参数,充分利用围岩承载力优化工程设计,对确保工程安全和提高设计水平具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Transformation of two-pyroxene hornblende granulite to garnet granulite involving simultaneous melting and fracturing of the lower crust, Fiordland, New Zealand   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

N. R. Daczko  G. L. Clarke  K. A. Klepeis 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2001,19(5):549-562

Granulite facies gabbroic and dioritic gneisses in the Pembroke Valley, Milford Sound, New Zealand, are cut by vertical and planar garnet reaction zones in rectilinear patterns. In gabbroic gneiss, narrow dykes of anorthositic leucosome are surrounded by fine‐grained garnet granulite that replaced the host two‐pyroxene hornblende granulite at conditions of 750 °C and 14 kbar. Major and trace element whole‐rock geochemical data indicate that recrystallization was mostly isochemical. The anorthositic veins cut contacts between gabbroic gneiss and dioritic gneiss, but change in morphology at the contacts, from the anorthositic vein surrounded by a garnet granulite reaction zone in the gabbroic gneiss, to zones with a septum of coarse‐grained garnet surrounded by anorthositic leucosome in the dioritic gneiss. The dioritic gneiss also contains isolated garnet grains enclosed by leucosome, and short planar trains of garnet grains linked by leucosome. Partial melting of the dioritic gneiss, mostly controlled by hornblende breakdown at water‐undersaturated conditions, is inferred to have generated the leucosomes. The form of the leucosomes is consistent with melt segregation and transport aided by fracture propagation; limited retrogression suggests considerable melt escape. Dyking and melt escape from the dioritic gneiss are inferred to have propagated fractures into the gabbroic gneiss. The migrating melt scavenged water from the surrounding gabbroic gneiss and induced the limited replacement by garnet granulite.  相似文献   

某引水隧洞断裂特征及处理措施     

陈运东 《地质灾害与环境保护》2001,12(1):72-73,82

某引水隧洞于1993年断裂，本文在介绍其断裂特点的基础上，概论了工程处理措施，运行实践表明，处理效果良好。  相似文献   

浅论地震震源区及地震动力源     

曲金虞 《甘肃地质》1995,4(1):91-92

根据超深钻探的初步成果，提出大陆壳内高温、高压的水压破裂带是地壳内最危险的震源区，同时认为地幔波动是地震的根本动力源。  相似文献   

松散堆积物中活断层的破裂位移形式及其对确定古地震破裂时间的意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

侯建军  梁海华  郑文涛  董文忠 《地球科学》1995,4(6)

活断层作用产生的地震破裂，曾使地表产生破裂变形，地面建筑物遭到严重破坏，但由于第四纪松散沉积物变形方式复杂，破裂形迹往往不清晰或不显示，使得在探糟剖面上很难发现这些破裂作用的上部形迹。通过研究不同松散沉积层中断层破裂位移的形式，从宏观、细观与微观相结合的角度，初步探讨了探槽剖面上确定古地震破裂时间的标志与方法。  相似文献   

Influence of Heterogeneity of Mechanical Properties on Hydraulic Fracturing in Permeable Rocks   总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7  

T. H. Yang  L. G. Tham  C. A. Tang  Z. Z. Liang  Y. Tsui 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2004,37(4):251-275

Summary Numerical simulations of circular holes under internal hydraulic pressure are carried out to investigate the hydraulic fracture initiation, propagation and breakdown behavior in rocks. The hydraulic pressure increases at a constant rate. The heterogeneity of the rocks is taken into account in the study by varying the homogeneity index. In addition, the permeability is varied with the states of stress and fracture. The simulations are conducted by using a finite element code, F-RFPA^2D, which couples the flow, stress and damage analyses. The simulation results suggest that the fracture initiation and propagation, the roughness of the fracture path and the breakdown pressure are influenced considerably by the heterogeneity of rocks. The hole diameter elongation and the stress field evolution around the fracture tip during the fracture propagation can also provide useful information for the interpretation of the hydraulic fracturing behaviour.  相似文献   

中国煤层气勘探开发技术研究进展   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

冯三利  叶建平 《中国煤田地质》2003,15(6):19-23,29

我国煤层气勘探开发工作走过了十多年的探索历程,大致可以分为三个阶段：技术引进阶段、勘探评价阶段、开发试验及探索研究阶段。目前,制约煤层气商业开发的瓶颈技术问题在于寻找煤层气富集高渗区、提高煤层气产能的开发工艺技术。本文将着重介绍我国在煤层气勘探开发技术方面的研究进展,主要包括煤层气资源评价和区块优选评价技术、钻井技术、完井工艺技术、压裂工艺技术、注CO2增产技术、煤层气地球物理探测技术、煤层气井抽放技术、煤层气生产和评价技术等等。同时,提出了今后我国煤层气勘探开发技术存在的问题和发展趋势。  相似文献   

"接触问题"引起的隧道病害分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

宋瑞刚  张顶立 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2004,15(4):69-72,81

衬砌裂损是隧道病害中常见的问题，也是严重威胁结构安全的一个重要因素。除了温度变化、水害、衬砌本身的强度和厚度不足以及混凝土耐久性降低外，隧道围岩压力变化是衬砌产生裂损直至破坏的主要原因。文章针对铁路运营隧道病害的检测结果，对衬砌背后空洞进行平面弹塑性计算分析，得出不同位置、不同大小的空洞以及空洞群对结构各截面安全系数影响的系统认识，明确提出衬砌结构与围岩结合的不紧密性是恶化衬砌受力条件、造成围岩进一步松动、进而造成衬砌裂损的一个重要原因。文章还对直墙式及曲墙武衬砌所受到的不同影响进行了比较分析。认为曲墙武衬砌拱部结构能较好地将内力传递给边墙，由边墙部分承受较大的水平抗力，优化了整体结构的受力，从而降低背后空洞对衬砌结构的影响。通过对计算结果的系统分析和研究，合理解释了实际检测中的问题。  相似文献