Shale strata development problems and origin of the Bazhenov Formation fractures in the southeast of the West Siberian Plate     

V.B. Belozerov  L.A. Krasnoshchekova  V.P. Merkulov 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(1):88-95

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Spatial distribution of unconventional gas wells and human populations in the Marcellus Shale in the United States: Vulnerability analysis     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

Modern forms of drilling and extraction have recently led to a boom in oil and gas production in the U.S. and stimulated a controversy around its economic benefits and environmental and human health impacts. Using an environmental justice paradigm this study applies Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial analysis to determine whether certain vulnerable human populations are unequally exposed to pollution from unconventional gas wells in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio. Several GIS-based approaches were used to identify exposed areas, and a t-test was used to find statistically significant differences between rural populations living close to wells and rural populations living farther away. Sociodemographic indicators include age (children and the elderly), poverty level, education level, and race at the census tract level. Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) technique was applied to find spatial clusters where both high well density and high proportions of vulnerable populations occur. The results demonstrate that the environmental injustice occurs in areas with unconventional wells in Pennsylvania with respect to the poor population. There are also localized clusters of vulnerable populations in exposed areas in all three states: Pennsylvania (for poverty and elderly population), West Virginia (for poverty, elderly population, and education level) and Ohio (for children).  相似文献   

不同浓度、pH值SDBS压裂液对页岩储层特性影响研究          下载免费PDF全文

彭灿威  曹函  冯科玮  陈江湛  孙平贺 《探矿工程》2016,43(10):188-192

在页岩储层压裂过程中,不同浓度、不同pH值的SDBS压裂液体系会直接影响页岩储层稳定性,进而影响造缝性能。通过实验分析了页岩储层在不同浓度、pH值的SDBS压裂液作用下的膨胀抑制性、润湿反转性能。实验结果表明：0.02%SDBS压裂液下页岩储层的膨胀变形最小、膨胀变形速率最慢,即膨胀抑制效果最好;0.03%SDBS压裂液下页岩的润湿性改造最好,接触角为30 °。pH值为8的SDBS压裂液对炭质页岩的膨胀变形和膨胀速率起到了最佳的抑制作用;pH值为9的SDBS压裂液对炭质页岩的润湿反转起到了最好的效果,接触角为31.6°。综合分析认为不同浓度、不同pH值的SDBS压裂液对页岩储层特性影响差异较大,说明在对页岩储层的开发利用中,调整SDBS浓度和pH值对提高页岩气开采效果是可行的。  相似文献   

Trace-element zoning patterns in porphyroblastic garnets in low-T eclogites: Parameter optimization of the diffusion-limited REE-uptake model     

Ryo Fukushima  Tatsuki Tsujimori  Shogo Aoki  Kazumasa Aoki 《Island Arc》2021,30(1):e12394

Compositional zoning patterns of the major elements and REEs in prograde-zoned garnets whose Mg/(Mg + Fe) atomic ratios increase rimward have been widely used to understand the metamorphic P–T–t trajectories, and the diffusion-limited REE-uptake model is a promising way to interpret their growth rates and the REE diffusion kinetics in the low-temperature eclogite. In order to elucidate their growth kinetics with Skora et al.'s (2006) diffusion-limited REE uptake model for prograde-zoned garnets, we examine the trace-element zoning patterns of two prograde-zoned porphyroblastic garnets (~6 mm in size) in low-temperature eclogites from two different localities. Core-to-rim trace-element profiles in a garnet (prp_5–9alm_61–67sps_1–3grs_24–30) of a glaucophane-bearing epidote eclogite of Syros (Cyclades, Greece) are characterized by the presence of Y + HREE peaks in the mantle, which might be attributed to a continuous breakdown of the titanite to form rutile during the garnet growth. In contrast, those in a garnet (prp_4–7alm_61–68sps_3–10grs_23–24) extracted from a lawsonite-eclogite of the South Motagua Mélange (SMM) (Guatemala) have prominent central peaks of Y + HREEs. Although the REE profiles of both the garnets can be explained by the diffusion-limited uptake, their Mn profiles suggest that their growth-rate laws are different: i.e., diffusion-controlled (Syros) and interface-controlled (SMM). Prior to the model application, we optimize the number of the parameters as the garnet grows with the interface-controlled processes based on the growth Péclet number. In particular, we propose the ratio of the REE diffusivity in the eclogitic matrix to the garnet growth rate as the new parameter. Visualizing the values of the new parameters allows to readily understand the relationship between the REE profiles and the REE-diffusion/garnet-growth kinetics in low-T eclogite. Our model refinement leads to the simple quantitative characterization of core-to-rim REE profiles in garnet in low-temperature eclogites.  相似文献   

浅析靖安油田长6储层压裂改造难点及对策     

程超伟  李杉杉 《四川地质学报》2012,32(1):36-38

靖安油田属于典型的“低压、低孔、低渗”砂岩油藏,压裂改造难度大。通过对靖安油田的长6储层特征进行描述,分析了压裂改造难点,以及一系列有针对性的技术措施,并对效果进行了评价,说明“低压、低孔、低渗”油藏只要采取的加砂压裂工艺及其配套技术得当,仍然可以取得较好的压裂效果。  相似文献   

页岩水平井体积压裂设计的一种新方法     

苟波  郭建春 《现代地质》2013,(1):217-222

页岩水平井常采用体积压裂技术获得产能,压裂形成的缝网体积、渗透率是影响压裂效果的关键因素。目前页岩体积压裂设计借用产能预测模型优化缝网参数,此模型较复杂,不便于现场应用。根据等效渗流原理,将页岩储层压裂后形成的缝网系统等效为一个高渗透带,建立了体积压裂缝网参数与施工规模关系模型,提出了体积压裂设计的3个步骤:体积压裂可行性研究、数值模拟优化缝网参数和施工参数优化。根据QY2页岩油水平井特征,进行了体积压裂设计和现场实施。结果表明:压裂形成的高渗透带对产能的贡献最大;高渗透带数量、体积和渗透率增加,压裂后的累积产量和采出程度逐渐增加,存在最优的高渗透带参数。现场应用表明这种设计方法方便实用,可以推广。  相似文献   

郯庐断裂带山东段深孔地应力测量及其现今活动性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张鹏  秦向辉  丰成君  孙炜锋  谭成轩 《岩土力学》2013,34(8):2329-2336

已有的地表调查和GPS位移测量、深部震源机制等研究结果表明,郯庐断裂山东段现今活动性表现为顺时针压扭性活动特征。为揭示郯庐（郯城－庐江）断裂带山东段地表和深部之间地壳浅表层日本大地震发生后的现今地应力状态和活动特征,在鲁东北部花岗岩地区开展了600 m的钻探工程与地应力测量工作。钻探岩芯编录初步揭示地壳浅表层岩体结构特征,随深度系统的地应力测量结果表明,现今水平主应力起主导作用,易于断层走滑作用发生,且现今最大水平主应力方向为近东西向,反映出郯庐断裂带山东段现今活动特征为压性兼右旋走滑,与地表和深部已有研究成果相吻合。研究成果为郯庐断裂带山东段现今活动性研究补充了新的资料。  相似文献   

广东核电站地应力测量及其应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

丰成君  陈群策  谭成轩  吴满路  秦向辉 《岩土力学》2013,34(6):1745-1752

基于广东省3个核电站厂址区的水压致裂地应力测量结果,获得了各核电站厂址区现今地应力场分布特征,结果表明,各核电站厂址区以水平应力为主导;大亚湾、阳江核电站水平应力值随深度增加而呈线性增大,台山核电站水平应力随深度线性增加不明显;大亚湾、阳江核电站厂址区最大水平主应力方向为NW-NWW,台山核电站为NNW。根据地应力测量结果、相关理论及判据分析认为,大亚湾核电站拟建隧洞长轴方向较不利于隧洞围岩的稳定,台山和阳江核电站拟建隧洞长轴方向利于围岩的稳定和维护;各核电站拟建隧洞横截面形状以水平长轴、垂向短轴且长、短轴比近似于各隧洞截面上侧压力系数的椭圆形为宜;各隧洞在埋深范围内开挖时均没有发生岩爆的可能性。最后,依据Byerlee滑动摩擦准则,探讨了核电站外围现今活动断层的稳定性。  相似文献   

页岩气藏清水压裂悬砂效果提升实验     

肖博  张士诚  郭天魁  邹雨时  侯腾飞 《东北石油大学学报》2013,37(3):94-99,129

针对页岩气藏压裂中清水压裂悬砂效果较差问题,分析压裂液和支撑剂性质,通过实验提出增强清水压裂悬砂效果方法:纤维复合清水压裂液技术和超低密度支撑剂技术.结果表明:纤维的加入不仅使清水压裂液的悬砂性能得到提高,同时还可以显著降低液体摩阻.低密度支撑剂可以降低沉降速度50%以上.综合采用纤维复合清水压裂液技术和超低密度支撑剂技术,支撑剂2h的沉降率为17%.不仅可以提高清水压裂的开发效果,还可以降低对地面泵车排量的要求,对于页岩气藏的开发具有指导意义.  相似文献   

压裂技术在东海低渗气田开发中的应用     

蒲庆南  梁连喜 《海洋地质译丛》2012,(2):43-46

随着开采工艺技术的进步、油价一直在高位运行,那些埋藏在东海海域过去被认为开发无经济效益的所谓“差气层、干层或致密层”进入了开发工作者的视野。通过对东海T气田A5井始新统平湖组低渗气藏进行压裂开发试验,取得了预期的效果,单井产量大幅提高,证明压裂可以成为有效动用低渗天然气储量的有效措施,是提高东海天然气储量动用率和采收率的有效途径。同时,也表明对东海低渗气层的认识应予以调整,重新确定气层判别标准。  相似文献