陆丰官田黄铁矿区铁帽型金矿地质特征和成矿规律探讨     

韦耀健 《矿产与地质》2004,18(3):264-268,293

研究陆丰官田、西山和毗邻矿段的含金黄铁矿—铁帽型金矿的成矿规律，以及铅锌矿化与含金黄铁矿化的分带现象。根据官田矿段铁帽型金矿的顶底板岩性与金矿化的相互关系，认为：成矿母岩包括燕山早期花岗岩(γ5^2(3))、燕山晚期黑云母花岗岩(γβ5^3(1))及下件罗统金鸡群(J1j)。并探讨该矿床成因，认为燕山早期和晚期花岗岩岩浆活动促使了含金热液的形成，Ⅰ号、Ⅱ号断裂带是含金热液的聚集场所，后期在地下水的表生地球化学作用下，最后形成次生富集的铁帽型金矿床。  相似文献   

山东山城金矿Ⅷ号脉矿物找矿标型   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

胡大千  纪宏金等 《地质与勘探》2002,38(1):50-52

对矿体主要载金矿物黄铁矿的晶体形态和电物理性质以及石英的红外光谱特征等进行了较详细的研究，建立了矿物学找矿模型，提出了深部找矿靶区，其深部矿体预测，已为后期勘探所证实。  相似文献   

The effects of tidal buffering on acid sulphate soil environments in coastal areas of New South Wales     

Buddhima Indraratna  William C. Glamore  Gurudeo A. Tularam 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2002,20(3):181-199

One-way floodgates installed on flood mitigation drains in regions affected by acid sulphate soils restrict carbonate/bicarbonate buffering, thereby creating reservoirs of acid water (pH < 4.5) that discharge during the ebb tide. The drain water quality and hydrodynamic conditions prior to and following floodgate modifications that allowed for controlled saline intrusion are described with reference to data collected from intensively drained and floodgated coastal lowlands located in southeastern New South Wales, Australia. Cl:SO₄ ratios taken from groundwater samples depicted an acidic environment with little soil buffering capacity. Prior to modification, water quality upstream of the one-way floodgate was consistently acidic (average pH 4.6) with high concentrations of aluminum and iron that fluctuated with precipitation. Over a two-week period before modifications, floodgate leakage permitted alkaline water to intrude upstream of the floodgate and react with H⁺ ions. This period showed the strongest supporting field evidence for tidal buffering via modified floodgates. After installing vertical lifting, two-way floodgates average drain water pH increased to 5.89 and aluminum and iron concentrations decreased by more than 30%. A large rainfall (131.8 mm) during the post-modification period caused acidic groundwater flushing, however, in comparison to the pre-modification period, recovery time and average pH were markedly improved. Preliminary investigations of groundwater salinity in response to tidal intrusion has shown that electrical conductivity fluctuates with rainfall and it is predominately limited to 10 m perpendicular to the drain.  相似文献   

Hydrothermal Alteration and Cu-Au Mineralization at Nena High Sulfidation-type Deposit, Frieda River, Papua New Guinea     

Joseph Onglo Espi    Yoshimichi Kajiwara    Mike A. Hawkins  Tony Bainbridge 《Resource Geology》2002,52(4):301-313

Abstract. The Nena Cu‐Au deposit, located in the Frieda River mineral district of northwestern mainland Papua New Guinea, is a composite structurally‐lithologically controlled high sulfidation (HS) system. Its hydrothermal alteration and Cu‐Au mineralization are presented in this paper. Initially propylitized andesitic volcanics veined by epithermal quartz were pervasively superimposed by zoned HS alteration. The zonation grades from vuggy silica core to sulfur‐rich, pyritic silica‐alunite halo followed by pyrophyllite‐dickite‐kaolinite interval and finally to thin illite‐smectite margin, suggesting progressive decrease in temperature and increase in pH. This zonation is enveloped by chlorite‐epidote‐calcite‐gypsum alteration. The acid altered rocks were then invaded by multiple phases of pyrite, subsequently crosscut by quartz, vein alunite and barite. Then sequential deposition of bladed covellite, enargite, luzonite and stibioluzonite occurred from the NW to the SE portions of the deposit, forming a zonation suggestive of progressive decrease in temperature, sulfur fugacity and sulfidation stage. Most ore mineralization occurs in the vuggy silica core. Gold mineralization commenced from the transition of enargite to luzonite and continued throughout the stibioluzonite stage. Associated with gold deposition are Au‐rich pyrite, tennantite‐tetrahedrite, chalcopyrite‐bornite, native tellurium, electrum, calaverite, bismuthinite and galena. Native sulfur occupied the remaining cavities and represents the waning stage of the hydrothermal system. Fluid inclusions studies distinguished magmatic (>300–350d?C, 9–15 wt% NaCl equiv.) and meteoric (<150–200d?C, 1–2 wt% NaCl equiv.) fluids (Holzberger et al., 1996). Temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions from barite associated with Cu sulfides show a general decrease from NW (330d?C, 9–15 wt% NaCl equiv.) to SE (172d?C, 10 wt% NaCl equiv.) parts of the deposit, indicating gradual entrainment of ground water (Hitchman and Espi, 1997). Interaction of magmatic fluids with meteoric water accompanied by changes in temperature, salinity, acidity and oxidation state of the resultant fluids is interpreted to have been the main cause of metal precipitation. Finally, supergene processes generated Au zone with an underlying chalcocite‐covellite‐digenite blanket over the primary sulfides at depth. Gold occurs as lattice constituent in scorodite, limonite‐goethite and jarosite. Chalcocite is more abundant and widespread than other Cu sulfides. Acidic fluids deposited powdery alunite and kaolinite, vein alunite and amorphous silica. Weakly secondary biotite‐quartz altered porphyry located below the known HS Cu‐Au deposit contains chalcopyrite‐bornite and is overprinted by quartz‐alunite‐pyro‐phyllite‐pyrite assemblage. This feature indicates close temporal, spatial and genetic relation between the two deposit types.  相似文献   

Equilibria in the system Au–Ag–S–fluid: computed and experimental data     

Yu.V. Laptev   《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2008,49(5):313-322

We present results of computations on the interaction of solid-phase electrum–argentite–pyrite (weight ratios 210⁻⁵/ 210⁻³/1 and 210⁻⁵/410⁻²/1) association with Cl-containing aqueous moderately acid solutions (0.5m NaCl, pH = 3.08) at 300 °C and 500 bars. These data are a physicochemical basis for predicting the geochemical behavior of Au and Ag during the hydrothermal-metasomatic transformation of Au-Ag-pyrite. We also propose a technique of study of this process based on the phase equilibria of the subsystem Au–Ag–S with the aqueous solution at different liquid/solid (l/s) ratios, with the use of new graphic diagrams. The relationship of the composition of the solid-phase association with l/s ratio in real boundary conditions (Au = 17 ppm, mAu/mAg = 10^–3.57–10^–2.28) is shown. The maximum l/s values for complete leaching of gold and silver (l/smax = 200–800) are estimated. It has been established that argentite is the first to dissolve when mAu/mAg(s) > mAu/mAg(sol), and electrum, when mAu/mAg(s) < mAu/mAg(sol).

The experimental results showed that at 300 °C, the conversion of electrum (N_Au = 300‰) nonequilibrated with pyrite into an Au-richer form (N_Au = 730‰) and argentite follows an intricate kinetic scheme. Using the Pilling-Bedwords kinetic equation for processing data yielded the process rate constant K = 2.8(±0.5)10⁻⁵ g²cm⁻⁴day⁻¹. With this equation, the time of the complete conversion of 200 μm thick flat gold grains is 604 days. These data evidence a significant role of kinetic factors in hydrothermal-metasomatic processes involving native gold, which requires combination of thermodynamic and kinetic approaches on the construction of geologo-genetic models for hydrothermal sulfide formation.  相似文献   

中国重要生态空间生态用地变化与保护成效评估   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

高吉喜  刘晓曼  王超  王勇  付卓  侯鹏  吕娜 《地理学报》2021,76(7):1708-1721

定量分析重要生态空间建立前后的生态保护成效,对于保障国家生态安全具有重要意义。本文以生态用地为切入点,从时间和空间双重角度,评估了中国重要生态空间构建的生态保护效果,以期能为国土空间分类分区管控提供科学依据。结果表明：① 2018年重要生态空间以生态用地为主导,具有良好的生态本底,体现了重要生态空间的发展定位和重要地位; ② 1980—2018年,重要生态空间内生态用地呈收缩趋势,但面积减少率低于全国平均水平,定量反映了重要生态空间的构建对生态的积极保护成效,总体来说生态用地变化基本处于稳定状态,扩大区域主要分布在退耕还林还草生态保护工程实施区,缩小区域集中在东北平原的粮食主产区和新疆绿洲农业地区,今后要重点加强管控;③ 3类重要生态空间内部生态保护成效有差异,国家级自然保护区生态用地面积比例最高,生态用地面积减少率最小、减少趋势最不明显、变化最为稳定,生态保护效果最好;④ 重要生态空间内生态用地面积比例高于周边外部区域,面积减少率低于外部区域,内、外保护成效具有明显梯度差异,说明重要生态空间的构建对生态保护的意义重大。  相似文献   

Evaluating the transport and removal of chromate using pyrite and biotite columns     

Chul‐Min Chon  Jae Gon Kim  Hi‐Soo Moon 《水文研究》2007,21(14):1957-1967

To remove chromate from a wastewater, a porous permeable reactive barrier system (PRBS), using pyrite and biotite, was adapted. This study included bench‐scale column experiments to evaluate the efficiency of the PRBS and investigate the reaction process. The total chromium concentration of the effluent from the biotite and pyrite columns reached the influent concentration of 0·10 mM after passing through more than 150 pore volumes (PVs) and 27 PVs respectively, and remained constant thereafter. The Cr^VI concentration in the effluent from the biotite column became constant at about 0·08 mM , accounting for approximately 80% of the influent concentration, after passing through 200 PVs. Moreover, in the pyrite column, the Cr^VI concentration remained at about 0·01 mM , 10% of the input level, after passing through 116 PVs. This shows that both columns maintained their levels of chromate reduction once the Cr^VI breakthrough curves (BTCs) had reached the steady state, though the steady‐state output concentration of total chromium had reached the influent level. The variances of the iron concentration closely followed those of the chromium. The observed data for both columns were fitted to the predicted BTCs calculated by CXTFIT, a program for estimating the solute transport parameters from experimental data. The degradation coefficient µ of the total chromium BTCs for both columns was zero, suggesting the mechanisms for the removal of chromate limit the µ of the Cr^VI BTCs. The Cr^VI degradation of the pyrite column (6·60) was much greater than that of the biotite column (0·27). In addition, the Cr^VI retardation coefficient R of the pyrite column (253) was also larger than that of the biotite column (125). The R values for the total chromium BTCs from both columns were smaller than those of the Cr^VI BTC. Whereas the total chromium BTC for the pyrite column showed little retardation (1·5), the biotite column showed considerable retardation (80). The results for the 900 °C heat‐treated biotite column were analogous to those of the control column (quartz sand). This suggests that the heat‐treated biotite played no role in the retardation and removal of hexavalent chromium. The parameters of the heat‐treated biotite were calculated to an R of 1·2 and µ of 0·01, and these values confirmed quantitatively that the heated biotite had little effect on the transport of Cr^VI. These solute transport parameters, calculated by CXTFIT from the data obtained from the column tests, can provide quantitative information for the evaluation of bench‐ or field‐scale columns as a removal technology for Cr^VI in wastewater or contaminated groundwater. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

海南红树林湿地可培养硫酸盐还原菌的垂直分布特征研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

丁海  姚素平  刘桂建  刘常宏 《高校地质学报》2016,22(4):621

利用厌氧微生物分离技术,对深度为1.2 m 的海南红树林湿地沉积物钻孔样品进行了分离培养,共获得11 株 厌氧sulfate-reducing bacteria（SRB） 菌株。经显微观察和16S rDNA序列分析,可归纳为6个属,其中已经报道有芽孢杆菌 属（Bacillus）、弧菌属（Vibrio） 和梭状芽胞杆菌属（Clostridium）,另外3个属分别为伯克霍尔德菌属（Burkholderia）、希瓦氏菌属（Shewanella） 和海杆菌属（Marinobacterium）。不同属的细菌对硫酸盐还原的速率最低为14.71%,最高可达 56.78%,并且以上6属11株菌都能将+6价的硫还原生成-2价硫,并与培养基中的Fe2+结合生成黑色FeS沉淀,而这些无定 形FeS沉淀是生成黄铁矿的前体。红树林湿地SRB种群数量随沉积物深度的增加而降低,结合沉积物的地球化学分析测试 结果表明,表层（0 cm） 水界面的沉积物由于处于氧化-还原界面,氧气的周期性输入在一定程度上抑制了SRB的生长;随着 深度增加（10~40 cm）,充足的有机质、偏中性的pH值以及厌氧环境的增强,使得SRB种类和数量明显增加;而60 cm以下 沉积物中因TOC含量降低,减少了微生物可利用的碳源,pH值明显降低,Na+和Ca2+离子浓度明显增加,这些因素都抑制了 SRB的生长,使得深部沉积物中SRB的种类和数量显著减少。  相似文献   

热活化胶状黄铁矿去除酸性溶液中的Cd(Ⅱ)          下载免费PDF全文

朱宇珂  李平  刘海波  杨燕  陈天虎 《高校地质学报》2016,22(4):638

利用XRD和SEM测试方法表征了热活化胶状黄铁矿结构和微观形貌,考察了溶液pH、溶解氧和热活化温度对热活 化胶状黄铁矿去除水中Cd（Ⅱ）的影响,并探讨了除Cd（Ⅱ）反应动力学和作用机理。胶状黄铁矿在N2氛围下650℃热活化 5 min可完全分解生成多孔结构化单斜磁黄铁矿（PMPyr）。在pH 2~6的无氧水溶液中PMPyr除Cd（Ⅱ）效率均达到88%以 上,除Cd（Ⅱ）效率受pH影响较小;PMPyr表面氧化会抑制其与Cd（Ⅱ）的反应。PMPyr除Cd（Ⅱ）动力学可用准二级动力学模型拟合（R2> 0.9992）,结合溶液pH变化趋势、Fe（Ⅱ）和SO42-浓度变化推测,PMPyr除Cd（Ⅱ）机理主要是Fe1-xS和CdS溶度积差异推动了PMPyr与Cd（Ⅱ）交换反应,表面络合属于次要作用。  相似文献   

吉尔吉斯斯坦Taldybulak Levoberezhny(左岸)金矿地质特征及金属矿物学研究     

席伟  夏小洪  吴艳爽  叶甜  李诺 《地学前缘》2018,25(5):135-150

Taldybulak Levoberezhny(又称左岸)矿床位于吉尔吉斯斯坦北天山东段,是区内第三大金矿(金储量130 t,平均品位6.9 g/t)。长期以来,该矿床矿物学研究薄弱,成因类型存在争议,已有观点包括斑岩型、造山型、多阶段叠加成矿等。野外地质调查及室内岩相学鉴定发现：金矿化同时受韧性剪切带和岩体控制,局部显示一定的顺层特征;常见矿石类型包括浸染细脉浸染型、石英电气石硫化物型、块状硫化物型、稀疏浸染型、方解石硫化物脉型等;相关围岩蚀变以硅化、绢云母化、电气石化、碳酸盐化最为强烈,可见绿泥石化、绿帘石化、泥化等。电子探针分析发现,左岸金矿同时发育可见金和不可见金。前者包括银金矿(w(Au)=67.90%~80.86%,w(Ag)=14.24%~30.76%)、含银自然金(w(Au)=88.95%,w(Ag)=8.09%)等,以包体金、裂隙金或粒间金形式赋存于黄铁矿中。后者可赋存于黄铁矿和黄铜矿中(w(Au)=0.16%~0.33%)。不同类型矿石中黄铁矿的形态、结构、成分存在一定差异,显示了叠加成矿的可能性。浸染状细脉浸染型矿石中黄铁矿以中粗粒(30~1 300 μm,多数>200 μm)、半自形自形立方体为主,基本无碎裂或碎裂不明显,可含有自然金、银金矿或硅酸盐包体;成分上具有中等的As(0.03%~1.72%,平均0.66%)、Co(0.06%~0.19%,平均0.13%)、Te(0.03%~0.06%,平均0.04%)含量和As/S、Fe/S、Co/As比值,基本不含Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag。石英电气石硫化物型矿石中黄铁矿多呈中粗粒(30~2 000 μm)、半自形它形粒状,往往发生碎裂,并被黄铜矿、方铅矿等矿物交代;部分颗粒可含有银金矿或硅酸盐包体;总体具有较高的As(0.05%~2.05%,平均0.97%)、Co(0.05%~0.34%,平均0.15%)含量和As/S、Fe/S比值,Co/As比值较低。块状硫化物型矿石中黄铁矿多呈半自形它形粒状产出,但粒度变化较大(250~3 000 μm或者30~300 μm);化学成分上以较高的As(0.05%~2.20%,平均1.21%)、Te(0.04%~0.09%,平均0.06%)含量,高的As/S、Fe/S比值和低的Co/As比值为特征。稀疏浸染型矿石中黄铁矿呈中粒(集中于50~200 μm)、半自形它形粒状产出,内部可含有硫化物、硅酸盐、银金矿、自然金等包体;可发生碎裂并被黄铜矿等沿裂隙充填交代;化学成分变化较大,总体具有较高的Co(0.08%~1.04%,平均0.35%)含量和Co/As比值,几乎不含Te、Cu、Zn。方解石硫化物脉型矿石中黄铁矿呈中粗粒(40~480 μm)、半自形它形粒状产出,内部往往含硅酸盐等包体;黄铁矿以显著低的As(0.04%~0.08%,平均0.06%)、Co含量(0.04%~0.20%,平均0.10%)以及As/S、Fe/S比值为特征,Co/As比值较高,且不含Zn。从上述左岸金矿的控矿构造、矿化类型、围岩蚀变以及不同类型矿石中黄铁矿形态、结构、成分的差异等4方面特征显示,左岸金矿可能存在多期次矿化、叠加成矿。  相似文献