深海热液真菌Fusarium sp. SCSIO 06196中抗病毒聚酮类化学成分研究     

王俊锋  周雯颖  田新朋  刘永宏 《热带海洋学报》2022,41(5):189-193

从西太平洋深海热液沉积物来源的镰刀菌SCSIO 06196中分离鉴定了6个色原酮类化合物(1~6), 通过核磁共振光谱、质谱及旋光等多种分析测试方法确定了色原酮类化合物的结构。抗病毒活性筛选发现, 化合物1~3展示出显著的抗肠道病毒EV-71活性, IC₅₀分别达到26.7μmol•L^-1、19.8μmol•L^-1和22.0μmol•L^-1 (阳性对照药物利巴韦林为177μmol•L^-1)。此外, 化合物1还显示出弱的抗流感病毒H3N2活性, IC₅₀为8.6μmol•L^-1 (阳性对照药物达菲为18.5nmol•L^-1)。  相似文献   

15分钟生活圈的建成环境阈值效应研究     

罗雪瑶  张文佳  柴彦威 《地理研究》2022,41(8):2155-2170

15分钟生活圈的高品质空间建设需要以人为核心对建成环境进行精细优化。本文立足居民个体日常活动出行的精细化需求,提出15分钟生活圈的建成环境评估策略,即生活圈应具备日常出行吸引力,在圈内“定住”尽可能多的日常外出活动。基于此,构建基于个体的“出行定住率”指标,利用北京活动日志和建成环境数据,采用梯度提升决策树算法,探讨北京市15分钟慢行生活圈建成环境对非工作“出行定住率”的非线性影响和阈值效应,以及这种非线性影响的空间异质性。研究发现：① 15分钟慢行生活圈内有效的文体、医疗、零售商业设施POI点密度范围分别为3~6个/km²、8~20个/km²、100~300个/km²,有效的公园绿地占比为不超过8%;② 设施和绿地配置与非工作出行定住率的非线性关系受到空间区位的调节。最终为15分钟生活圈的建成环境精细化调整提供了科学分析的思路和方向。  相似文献   

不同温度条件下氨氮在砂土中的吸附实验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王露  李铎 《中国地质调查》2017,4(2):90-93

温度的变化能够改变水体的环境,引起周围环境中的离子吸附解吸作用的变化。不同于其他土壤,砂土的保水保肥能力更差,砂土地区一旦发生氨氮(NH₄⁺-N)污染,情况会更加严重和突出。为防治砂土地区N H₄⁺-N污染提供理论依据与技术支持,通过N H₄⁺-N的静态吸附试验,研究不同温度条件下N H₄⁺N在粗砂、中砂、细砂中的吸附转化特征,得到如下结论: 在试验设置的温度区间内,总的趋势是温度越低,砂土对N H₄⁺-N的吸附量越高,表明温度升高对N H₄⁺-N的吸附有抑制作用,这主要是因为吸附过程中会产生弱放热效应,进而降低渗滤介质对N H₄⁺N的平衡吸附量; 在25~30 ℃区间内存在硝化与反硝化作用的临界温度,当温度低于临界温度时,N H₄⁺-N吸附量的减少主要是由于发生了硝化反应,当温度高于临界温度时,N H₄⁺-N的吸附量减少主要是由于发生了反硝化反应。  相似文献   

The demographics of energy and mobility poverty: Assessing equity and justice in Ireland,Mexico, and the United Arab Emirates     

《Global Environmental Change》2023

Energy and mobility poverty limits people’s choices and opportunities and negatively impinges upon structural economic and social welfare patterns. It also hampers the ability of planners to implement more equitable and just decarbonization pathways. Research has revealed that climate policies have imposed a financial burden on low-income and other vulnerable groups by increasing food and energy prices, leading as well to global inequality. Similarly, researchers have warned that in developing countries, emission mitigation policies could increase poverty rates and even frustrate progress towards universal access to clean energy. This research explores whether low-income social groups experience a 'double energy vulnerability', a situation that simultaneously positions people at heightened risk of transport and energy poverty. We investigate this 'double vulnerability' through original data collection via three nationally representative surveys of Mexico (N = 1,205), the United Arab Emirates (N = 1,141), Ireland and Northern Ireland (N = 1,860). We draw from this original data to elaborate on the sociodemographic attributes, expenditure and behaviour emerging from energy and transport use, focusing on themes such as equity, behaviour and vulnerability. We propose energy and transport poverty indexes that allow us to summarize the key contributing factors to energy and transport poverty in the countries studied and uncover a strong correlation between these two salient forms of poverty. Our results suggest that energy and transport poverty are common issues regardless of the very different national, and even sub-national, contexts. We conclude that energy and transport poverty requires target policy interventions suitable for all segments of society, thus enabling contextually-tailored, just energy transitions.  相似文献   

IPCC emission scenarios: How did critiques affect their quality and relevance 1990–2022?     

《Global Environmental Change》2022

Long-term global emission scenarios enable the analysis of future climate change, impacts, and response strategies by providing insight into possible future developments and linking these different climate research elements. Such scenarios play a crucial role in the climate change literature informing the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Assessment Reports (ARs) and support policymakers. This article reviews the evolution of emission scenarios, since 1990, by focusing on scenario critiques and responses as published in the literature. We focus on the issues raised in the critiques and the possible impact on scenario development. The critique (280) focuses on four areas: 1) key scenario assumptions (40%), 2) the emissions range covered by the scenarios and missing scenarios (25%), 3) methodological issues (24%), and 4) the policy relevance and handling of uncertainty (11%). Scenario critiques have become increasingly influential since 2000. Some areas of critique have decreased or become less prominent (probability, development process, convergence assumptions, and economic metrics). Other areas have become more dominant over time (e.g., policy relevance & implications of scenarios, transparency, Negative Emissions Technologies (NETs) assumptions, missing scenarios). Several changes have been made in developing scenarios and their content that respond to the critique.  相似文献   

不同岩性盐湖沉积物中挥发性有机质的特征          下载免费PDF全文

卢晓航  韩凤清  易磊  马喆  张光武  陈富洪 《盐湖研究》2021,29(1):18-24

通过不同岩性盐湖沉积物中C/N值,确定其有机质的来源均为藻类,然后采用气相色谱—离子迁移谱(GC-IMS)联用技术对不同岩性盐湖沉积物中的挥发性有机质进行了研究.结果显示,不同岩性沉积物的挥发性有机质虽然来源相同,但是其种类和含量存在显著差异.在砂岩沉积物中,检测出16种挥发性有机质,而石盐中共检测出30种挥发性有机质...  相似文献   

Integrated spectral properties of four previously unstudied small angular size galactic open clusters     

T. Palma  A.V. Ahumada  J.J. Clari  E. Bica 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2008,329(4):392-396

We have derived fundamental parameters for the previously unstudied concentrated Galactic open clusters Berkeley 77, NGC2587, BH58 and ESO324‐SC15 by means of integrated spectroscopy in the range 3800–6800 Å. The cluster integrated spectra are compared with those of solar metallicity template spectra of Galactic open clusters with known parameters. The spectra were obtained at CASLEO (San Juan, Argentina) with a resolution of 14 Å.We estimated simultaneously age and foreground interstellar reddening by comparing the continuum distribution and line strengths of the cluster spectra with those of template spectra. Berkeley 77 was found to be an old cluster of 3–4 Gyr, while the remaining three clusters are between 400 and 1000 Myr old. The derived foreground reddening values range from E (B – V) = 0.0 in NGC2587 and ESO324‐SC15 to approximately 0.30 in Berkeley 77. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

叶片生化组分浓度对单叶光谱影响研究——以2100nm吸收特征的碳氮比反演为例   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

施润和  牛铮  庄大方 《遥感学报》2005,9(1):1-7

运用连续统去除法和波深归一化方法对构成植物叶片碳氮比的基本因素——总碳和总氮浓度进行深入研究,对其组成物质的浓度差异在2030—2220nm区间内光谱响应的物理机制进行深入分析。在对多组典型叶片的对比分析后发现,经连续统去除后的相对反射率光谱中可以明显观察到碳、氮浓度差异造成的影响,而其影响与纤维素、木质素和蛋白质在此范围的吸收特征密切相关。其中,以纤维素和木质素为代表的碳浓度的影响主要体现在2030—2050nm区间,而以蛋白质为代表的氮浓度的影响则体现在2054nm和2172nm附近存在的斜率突变上。另外利用波深归一化方法再次证明了氮浓度对2054nm和2172nm处光谱特征的影响,进一步证实蛋白质双峰特征在光谱上的响应,并通过相关分析和回归分析验证了相对反射率光谱与碳氮比之间的定量关系。  相似文献