坡面细沟侵蚀产沙时空分布规律试验研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

丁文峰  李占斌  丁登山  庄大昌 《水科学进展》2004,15(1):19-23

利用放水冲刷试验结合稀土元素(REE)示踪技术对坡面侵蚀产沙特征及其时空变化进行了研究。结果表明:在径流冲刷下,坡面侵蚀产沙可分为三个不同的阶段并对应不同的产沙特征。其空间变化表现为,在6°、9°情况下,坡面不同坡段的相对侵蚀量沿下坡方向呈现出先减小后增大的趋势;在12°小流量情况下,坡面各坡段的相对侵蚀量与坡度较小的情况相似,当流量较大时,坡面各不同坡段的相对侵蚀量随坡长的增大而减小。但坡面最下端坡段的相对侵蚀量总是随着冲刷历时的延长而减小,其余各坡段的相对侵蚀量则呈现出缓慢的波动式上升。  相似文献   

生物制氢:Ⅱ.工程应用问题   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李永峰  任南琪  丁杰  林海龙  郑国香  崔有贵 《地球科学进展》2004,(Z1)

时生物制氢的工程实践应用的研究进行了评论性的回顾。讨论了各种生物制氢系统的特点和优劣,重点讨论了厌氧发酵生物制氢系统的工艺流程与设计、工程控制参数与发酵调控、燃料电池及其衔接、产氢速率与产量的提高技术对策等许多技术问题。乙醇型发酵生物制氢理论(双碳发酵产氢学说或理论)指导下发酵法生物制氢工艺业已建立起来,分别进行了小试、中试。  相似文献   

Prediction of Overpressure Contributed Mainly by Structural Compression Using Impedance Inversion in Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

ShiWanzhong ChenHonghan ZhangXiming ChenHuichao 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2004,15(3):341-348

The origin and distribution of formation overpressure have effect not only on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, but also on technique of drilling well. The study and prediction of overpressure are very important in basin analysis. At present, overpressure is mostly predicted by stack velocity.The process in calculating inter-velocity from stack velocity is very complex and inevitably leads to errors. Especially, this method is not available in the case that structural compression contribution to overpressure occurred. This paper introduces a new method, impedance inversion, to predict overpressure,and the principle is discussed. This method is used to predict the overpressure in Kuqa depression, Tarim basin and as a result, the absolute errors are less than 0.1, and relative errors are less than 5％ for predicted fluid pressure coefficients to the drill stem test (DST) measurements. It suggests that this method can be widely used to predict overpressure in foreland basins.  相似文献   

ABR反应器基质降解动力学有关参数的试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王存政  李建萍  黄继国  李辉  陆要斌 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2004,(Z1)

通过静态模拟实验探讨了厌氧折流板反应器各级基质降解动力学。试验结果表明在25℃条件下,各级有机底物最大比降解速率Vmax和饱和常数Ks分别依次为3.06/d-1、1.52/d-1、0.97/d-1和20157.89mg/L、2947.38mg/L、7007.40mg/L。通过各级Vmax的比较可知,级中微生物活性最大,微生物处于对数增殖期,而、级中微生物处于减速增殖期或内源呼吸期。  相似文献   

Seismic Signatures of Rock Pore Structure   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yue-FengSun 《应用地球物理》2004,1(1):42-49

Rock pore structure is one of the important parameters in controlling both seismic wave velocity and permeability in sandstones and carbonate rocks. For a given porosity of two similar rocks with different pore structures, their acoustic wave speeds can differ 2 km/s, and permeability can span nearly six orders of magnitude from 0.01 mD to 20 D in both sandstone and limestone. In this paper, we summarize a two-parameter elastic velocity model reduced from a general poroelastic theory, to characterize the effect of pore structures on seismic wave propagation. For a given mineralogy and fluid type of a reservoir, this velocity model is defined by porosity and a frame flexibility factor, which can be used in seismic inversion and reservoir characterization to improve estimation of porosity and reserves. The frame flexibility factor can be used for quantitative classification of rock pore structure types (PST) and may be related to pore connectivity and permeability, using both poststack and prestack seismic data. This study also helps explain why amplitude versus offset analysis (AVO) in some cases fails for the purpose of fluid detection: pore structure effect on seismic waves can mask all the fluid effects, especially in carbonate rocks.  相似文献   

生物制氢：Ⅱ．工程应用问题     

李永峰  任南琪  丁杰  林海龙  郑国香  崔有贵 《地球科学进展》2004,19(13):542-546

对生物制氢的工程实践应用的研究进行了评论性的回顾。讨论了各种生物制氢系统的特点和优劣，重点讨论了厌氧发酵生物制氢系统的工艺流程与设计、工程控制参数与发酵调控、燃料电池及其衔接、产氢速率与产量的提高技术对策等许多技术问题。乙醇型发酵生物制氢理论（双碳发酵产氢学说或理论）指导下发酵法生物制氢工艺业已建立起来，分别进行了小试、中试。  相似文献   

官厅水库的遥感动态变化探测及边岸稳定性判别     

王志刚  王净 《遥感学报》2003,7(3):328-331

利用TM卫星多时相数据，采用变化探测技术研究了官厅水库1988—2001年时间段库区边岸的动态变化。对库区淤积、边岸侵蚀等问题进行了探讨；结合水位差数据，提出边岸坡度和边岸稳定性的遥感时空分析方法和判据；分析了上述问题对官厅水库水资源利用的影响。边岸稳定性判别方法可应用于湖泊、海洋的滩涂地区。  相似文献   

青海乌兰盆地东缘断裂带的新活动特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

袁道阳  刘小龙  张培震  刘百篪  郑文俊  郭华  曹娟娟 《地震研究》2003,26(3):265-270

在青海乌兰盆地东缘山前冲洪积扇上新发现了一条长约 2 2km的逆冲断裂带 ,该断裂带是NNW向的鄂拉山右旋走滑断裂带北段西侧的次级挤压构造。其新活动受主断裂带的制约和影响 ,地貌上表现为明显的正向断层陡坎。晚更新世以来其垂直滑动速率为 0 11～ 0 17mm/a ,全新世晚期的垂直滑动速率为 0 35mm/a。综合探槽剖面及断层陡坎年代可以确定四次古地震事件 ,其年代分别为距今 2 4 6 5 0± 85 0a、 14 2 0 0± 70 0a、 5 2 0 0±5 2 0a和 2 2 5 0± 380a ,古地震活动具有不均匀性。  相似文献   

青海热水-日月山断裂带的新活动特征   总被引：11，自引：5，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

袁道阳  刘小龙  张培震  刘百篪 《地震地质》2003,25(1):155-165

热水 -日月山断裂带是发育在青藏高原东北缘柴达木 -祁连活动地块内部的 1条重要的NNW向逆 -右旋走滑活动断裂带 ,长约 183km。断裂由 4条不连续的次级断裂段右阶羽列而成 ,阶距 2～ 3km左右 ,在不连续部位形成拉分区。主断裂两端则形成帚状分叉。断裂活动形成了一系列山脊、冲沟和阶地等右旋断错微地貌 ,其中Ⅰ级阶地右旋断错约 8～ 11m ,Ⅱ级阶地右旋断错约 35m。同时沿断裂带还形成了许多断层陡坎 ,Ⅰ级阶地或洪积台地上断层陡坎高约 0 .5～ 1m ,最高达 2 .8m ,Ⅱ级阶地或台地上的断层陡坎高约 2 .5～ 3m ,最高达 4～ 5m。根据相应的阶地年代 ,计算得到断裂带全新世以来的平均水平滑动速率为 3 16mm/a ,垂直滑动速率为 0 .83mm/a  相似文献   

Active blocks and their deformations derived from the velocity field in North China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄立人  杨国华  王敏 《地震学报(英文版)》2003,16(1):79-91

Based on the horizontal movement velocities and their error estimations of 144GPS stations in North China de-duced from the results obtained from multiple GPS measurements carried out in the period of 1992-2001,the horizontal deformation in the area is stuklied.The movements,entire deformations,local deformations,activeity patterns and intensities along the boundary zones are derived.And then the risk of strong earthquake in the area is estimated.In the research,the horizontal displacement observations can be considered as the sum of three parts.The first part is the entire motion following Eurasian plate,which can be derived from NUVAL-IA model;the second part is the relative motions and deformations between the sub-tectonic blocks in the studied area,which can be derived from a set of displacement observations determined by the expanded QUAD method in the paper;the third part is the local deformations and errors in the sub-tectonic blocks,which can be described as the inhomoge-neous strains of the block.The method and results are introduced in detail in the paper.  相似文献