农业最佳管理措施在全分布式水文模型中的表达——以罗玉沟流域为例(英文)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴辉  刘永波  刘军志  朱阿兴 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2014,5(2):179-184

农业最佳管理措施(BMPs)是为了减少由农业活动引起的非点源污染,防止污染物进入受纳水体的一系列措施。分布式水文模型是流域非点源污染模拟和BMPs评估的重要工具。利用分布式水文模型评估BMPs在水土保持、拦沙减污的有效性,首先要在模型中对BMPs进行刻画和表达。但是,在全分布式水文模型中,如何进行BMPs表达的研究比较缺乏。本文以黄土高原丘陵沟壑区典型小流域罗玉沟流域为例,基于一个全分布式模型,SEIM(Spatially Explicit Integrated Modeling)模型,逐步介绍如何在该模型中进行BMPs的表达,以及评估它们的水文响应。罗玉沟流域面积约为73 km2,流域内侵蚀严重,其中暴雨侵蚀占年平均输沙量的60%以上。本研究选择了3种BMPs,分别是退耕还林、梯田和免耕耕作,并在模型中对这些管理措施进行表达。措施表达的方法是通过修改该措施所在地块的主要物理参数,以此来描述其对流域水文过程的影响。通过在一个暴雨事件的情景模拟,结果表明梯田的减沙效益较高,最大到达97.3%,免耕措施的平均减沙率最小,约为9.5%,退耕还林的平均减沙率介于这两者之间,为75.6%。  相似文献   

WaTEM/SEDEM模型及其应用研究进展与展望   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

盛美玲  方海燕 《地理科学进展》2014,33(1):85-91

土壤侵蚀产沙模型是开展水土保持研究的重要工具。土壤侵蚀物理模型除能够模拟和预测土壤侵蚀沉积的空间分布外,其可移植性功能较强,因此得到了很多研究者的青睐,但大多数物理模型运行时需要的参数较多,因而限制了模型应用和推广。本文介绍了比利时鲁汶大学研发的分布式土壤侵蚀模型WaTEM/SEDEM（Waterand Tillage Erosion Model and Sediment Delivery Model）模型,分别从WaTEM/SEDEM 模型的产生、结构、国内外应用进行了系统阐述,并在已有的应用研究基础上,总结了该模型的优缺点,展望其应用前景。  相似文献   

土壤水力侵蚀的遥感信息模型研究——以江西省为例     

刘波  齐述华  廖富强  李贵才 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2012,37(4):389-393,505

通过利用Terra/Aqua卫星上搭载的MODIS传感器计算获取的16d合成植被指数产品(MOD13A2),进一步按照最大值合成法计算月合成光谱植被指数,按照USLE模型月模式评价江西省2005年土壤侵蚀,并与传统的USLE模型年模式计算的结果进行了比较。  相似文献   

黑龙江典型黑土区土壤侵蚀遥感监测技术研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨佳佳  白磊  吴嵩 《地质与资源》2019,28(2):193-199

以遥感和GIS技术为支撑,利用修正后的通用土壤流失方程RUSLE为评价模型,对黑龙江省绥化市2003、2015年的土壤侵蚀量进行了计算,并结合水土流失强度分级标准,生成了黑龙江省绥化市水土流失强度分布图.在此基础上,对黑龙江省绥化市2003、2015年的水土流失现状、空间分布及2003～2015年水土流失的变化及原因进行了分析.结果表明：从2003～2015年间,水土保持措施增加,土壤侵蚀状况有向好的趋势.从统计结果看出,强度、极强度侵蚀面积比例减少,相对的轻度和微度的侵蚀面积增加.2015年,强度侵蚀等级水土流失面积相比2003年减少522.75 km²,轻度侵蚀增长近1000 km².  相似文献   

EVALUATION OF TOPOGRAPHIC INDICES FOR EPHEMERAL-GULLY EROSION ASSESSMENT     

J. CASALI L. M. De SANTISTEBAN J. J. LOPEZ J. V. GIRALDEZ J. POESEN J. NACHTERGAELE M. GONI J. LOIZU M. A. CAMPO 《国际泥沙研究》2005,20(4):295-304

1 INTRODUCTION Erosion caused by ephemeral flows is a frequent phenomenon in nature and contributes to the shape of the landscape. This type of erosion may cause great soil losses in agricultural areas, which are quickly transferred to the watershed outlets through the rill and gully network (Bennett et al., 2000; Poesen et al., 2003). Concentrated flow erosion is controlled by the erodibility of surface materials, climate, soil use and management, and watershed topography. Several metho…  相似文献   

SOIL EROSION PROCESS RESEARCH AND ITS POTENTIAL IMPACT ON EROSION PREDICTION MODEL DEVELOPMENT     

Chi-hua HUANG Fenli ZHENG 《国际泥沙研究》2005,20(4):350-357

During the past 50 years, many research efforts have been invested in understanding soil erosion process and development of erosion prediction models at various scales. This paper briefly introduces the erosion process and prediction model development in the USA. Especially, this paper focuses on discussing potential impacts of the erosion process on erosion model development, and future directions of the soil erosion process research and process- based model development. 1 DEVELOPMENT O…  相似文献   

CONTROL OF GULLY EROSION USING STIFF GRASSES     

F. D. SHIELDS  Jr. S.M. DABNEY E. J. LANGENDOEN D. M. TEMPLE 《国际泥沙研究》2005,20(4):319-332

Concentrated flow can cause gully formation on sloping lands and in riparian zones. Current practice for riparian gully erosion control involves blocking the gully with a structure comprised of an earthen embankment and a metal or plastic pipe. Measures involving native vegetation would be more attractive for habitat recovery and economic reasons. To test the hypothesis that switchgrass （Panicum virgatum L.） hedges planted at 0.5-m vertical intervals within a gully would control erosion, a series of hedges was established in four concentrated flow channels. Two of the channels were previously eroded trapezoidal channels cut into compacted fill in an outdoor laboratory. The other two channels were natural gullies located at the edge of floodplain fields adjacent to an incised stream. While vegetation was dormant, artificial runoff events were created in the two laboratory gullies and one of the natural gullies using synthetic trapezoidal-shaped hydrographs with peak discharge rates of approximately 0.03, 0.07, and 0.16 m3/s. During these tests flow depth, velocity, turbidity, and soil pore water pressures were monitored. The fourth gully was subjected to a series of natural runoff events over a five-month period with peaks up to 0.09 m3/s. Flow depths in all tests were generally 〈 0.3 m, and flow velocities varied spatially and exceeded 2.0 m/s at the steepest points of the gullies. Erosion rates were negligible for controlled flow experiments, but natural flows in the fourth gully resulted in 1 m ofthalweg degradation, destroying the central portions of the grass hedges, most likely due to the highly erodible nature of the soils at this site. Geotechnical modeling of soil steps reinforced with switchgrass roots showed factors of safety 〉 1 for step heights 〈 0.5 m, but instability was indicated for step heights 〉1 m, consistent with the experimental observations.  相似文献   

三江源地区土壤侵蚀类型研究     

吴万贞  刘峰贵  陈琼  费杜秋 《西安地质学院学报》2009,(4):423-426

全球气候变暖导致三江源地区雪线上升,冰川后移,降水和径流减少,草场退化,土壤沙化,使本来就十分脆弱的生态环境更加恶化。根据三江源地区当前所处的实际情况,在分析三江源地区土壤侵蚀环境背景以及土壤侵蚀营力作用的基础上,归纳总结了三江源地区土壤侵蚀类型与特征,重点研究了冻融侵蚀分布范围和强度、分布规律以及评价指标体系。结果表明：三江源地区各种土壤侵蚀类型中,冻融侵蚀分布范围最广;不同强度的冻融侵蚀空间分布差异显著。  相似文献   

元江—红河界河地区土壤侵蚀研究          下载免费PDF全文

张伟华  赵志芳  谈树成  李益敏  王爱芸 《中国地质调查》2017,4(3):64-69

为支撑我国界河地区国土防护工作,以中国、越南交界的元江—红河界河地区为研究区,基于3S技术进行界河地区的土壤侵蚀研究。采用Landsat 8卫星遥感数据,基于水体指数、植被覆盖度、土壤可蚀性及坡度进行土壤侵蚀强度研究,初步建立了界河地区的土壤侵蚀强度遥感评价方法,提出了界河地区国土防护措施与建议。  相似文献   

A GIS-based modeling approach for fast assessment of soil erosion by water at regional scale,loess plateau of China     

Liangjun Hu  Haijun Yang  Qinke Yang  Rui Li 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2010,20(5):423-433

The objective of this study is to develop a unique modeling approach for fast assessment of massive soil erosion by water at a regional scale in the Loess Plateau, China. This approach relies on an understanding of both regional patterns of soil loss and its impact factors in the plateau area. Based on the regional characteristics of pre- cipitation, vegetation and land form, and with the use of Landsat TM and ground investigation data, the entire Loess Plateau was first divided into 3 380 Fundamental Asses...  相似文献