高斯平均引数计算大地坐标主题反解的迭代算法   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

赵长胜 《测绘通报》2004,(10):11-12

在地球椭球面上如果已知两点的大地经、纬度,求两点间的大地线长度及其正、反大地方位角的过程称为大地主题反解.大地主题计算在空间技术、航空、航海、国防等现代科学技术领域被广泛使用.高斯平均引数公式是解决中程大地主题计算的一种经典的方法.给出一种新的大地主题反解的方法,即迭代算法.这种算法是在正算公式的基础上进行的,形式简单,便于理解与编程,避免了枯燥的反解公式的推导.  相似文献   

漏阈值系统的自组织临界性: 近平均场的动力学影响及其对地震、神经生物学和预测方面的意义     

J．B．Rundle K．F．Tiampo W．Klein J．S．SáMartins蒋长胜  许洪华戴翠华 安镇文 《国际地震动态》2005,(2):13-23

阈值系统被看作是自然界中某些最重要的非线性自组织系统,包括地震断层系统、神经网络、超导和半导体、互联网以及政治、社会和生态系统。所有这些系统都具有与时、空、强相关的动力学,且都典型地显示了时空尺度的多重性。我们在两种不同尺度上讨论地震阈值系统自组织的物理学问题：(1)“微观”的实验室尺度,来自模拟结果的考虑导致了动力学方程,这些方程可以推导从滑动实验中得到的结果;(2)“宏观”的地震断层系统尺度,强相关地震断层系统的物理学可以通过应用定义在希尔伯特本征态空间有关的态向量来理解。所有的这些系统中,长程相关导致局部各态历经动力学的存在。耗损效应的存在导致了“漏阈值”动力学的出现,它等同于一个控制与背景涨落尺度有关的成核事件尺度的新的标度场的出现。在宏观地震断层尺度的框架下,这些作为一种预报未来地震活动方法的观念显示出了比较大的希望。  相似文献   

Fluvial geomorphology of the Middle Reach of the Huai River     

Bang-yi YU  Peng WU  Jue-yi SUI  Xing-ju YANG  Jin NI 《国际泥沙研究》2014,29(1):24-33

The Middle Reach of the Huai River （MRHR） flows northeast into the Hongzehu Lake. Before entering the Hongzehu Lake, the Huai River has a braided channel which is shallow and wide, and the riverbed has a negative slope. Based on the characteristics of the MRHR, this river reach can be divided into the following sections： a quasi-straight （or mildly curved） section, a bend section, and a braided section. The majority of the MRHR is quasi-straight. In this paper, several parameters are used to assess the geomorphology of the MRHR. Statistical analyses are performed to establish a relationship between the span length ＂L＂ and channel width ＂B＂ for different channel patterns. The relationship between the meandering length ＂S＂ and bankfull channel width ＂B＂ is also derived. Results indicate that the bankfull channel width ＂B＂, the bankfull cross sectional area ＂A＂ and the average flow depth ＂H＂ are mainly dependent on the dominant discharge in the channel. A relationship is derived that describes the denendencv of the curvature radius ＂R＂ on the dominant discharae ＂O＂. water surface slone ＂J＂and the turning angle ＂α＂.  相似文献   

An integrated suspended sediment transport monitoring and analysis concept   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Marlene HAIMANN  Marcel LIEDERMANN  Petra LALK  Helmut HABERSACK 《国际泥沙研究》2014,29(2):135-148

A new integrated suspended sediment monitoring strategy applying direct and indirect technologies is presented.Optical sensors continuously record the turbidity at one point in the channel cross section close to the river bank and are calibrated by water samples taken close to the sensor.Additionally measurements are performed to establish the distribution of suspended sediment in a cross section（bottle samples combined with acoustic devices）.Using correction factors（probe and cross-sectional factor） these monitoring methods are combined and it is,thus,possible to fully document the temporal and spatial variability of the suspended sediment transport and to estimate the suspended sediment load for certain time periods.This monitoring strategy was implemented at various measurement sites in Austria as well as at the Hainburg Road Bridge site on the Danube River.It has already been successfully applied for three years at this measurement site and suspended sediment loads during high discharges up to a 15 year flood event have been monitored.To evaluate the new monitoring methods the results were compared with load estimation methods found in the literature including averaging and ratio estimators as well as rating curves.The results prove that with the new methodology,the temporal variability of the suspended sediment transport can be detected more accurately compared with the other methods.They also demonstrate that the additional consideration of the spatial distribution of the suspended sediment concentration in the cross section is crucial as the mean concentration in the cross section can significantly exceed the concentration near the banks,especially at large rivers like the Danube River.  相似文献   

近岸水体表层悬浮泥沙平均粒径遥感反演     

杨曦光  黄海军  严立文  刘艳霞  马立杰 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2015,40(2):164-169

悬浮泥沙的粒径分布特征不仅体现了悬浮颗粒态物质的存在状态,而且可以指示水动力及再悬浮作用的过程和强度,因此研究悬浮泥沙粒径分布特征具有重要意义。利用Mie理论建立悬浮泥沙平均粒径反演模型,结果表明,悬浮泥沙后向散射系数与其平均粒径的三次方线性关系明显,4个波段(412nm、443nm、555nm、667nm)拟合方程决定系数均在0.93以上,拟合误差最小值为16.6322%(412nm),最大值为20.3143%(667nm)。利用QAA算法从MODIS影像上反演研究区域悬浮泥沙后向散射系数,并结合反演的悬浮泥沙浓度推算研究区域表层悬浮泥沙的平均粒径。对比发现,近岸高悬浮泥沙区域的反演结果与实测数据吻合较好,相关研究可以为深入开展陆海相互作用、海洋生态系统演变和海洋参与全球碳循环等研究提供重要数据支持。  相似文献   

沙漠绿洲过渡带典型下垫面风速脉动特征——以塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘策勒绿洲为例     

王雪芹  杨东亮  马洋  刘进辉 《中国沙漠》2015,35(3):542-548

以塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘策勒绿洲西部沙漠-绿洲过渡带为研究区,选择植被盖度 < 5%裸沙样地、植被盖度10%～15%柽柳样地和植被盖度20%～25%骆驼刺样地,利用可移动梯度风测量系统,获取了系统性天气过程中距离地表20 cm、40 cm、60 cm、100 cm和200 cm高度的风速及200 cm高度的风向系列数据,对3个样地平均风速、风速脉动和风向脉动进行分析和研究。结果表明:(1)植被的存在大幅度消弱了平均风速,随着植物密度的增加平均风速逐渐降低,风速廓线显示平均风速发生明显降低的转折高度与植被冠层的平均高度相对应。(2)3个样地脉动风速均近似服从高斯分布,可见植被的存在并未改变风速脉动分布规律。各样地风速脉动强度均随指示风速的增大而增大,随距离地表高度的降低而下降。风速脉动相对值总体上呈现随植物密度增大而增大的趋势,植物群落结构的差异增加了相对风速脉动垂直分布的复杂性。(3)风向脉动幅度以裸沙样地最小、柽柳样地次之、骆驼刺样地最大,即随植物密度增加而增大。同一样地内风向脉动值不随指示风速的变化而发生明显变化。  相似文献   

新疆博斯腾湖流域风沙环境特征     

刘强吉  武胜利 《中国沙漠》2015,35(5):1128-1135

通过风资料的统计和计算,对博斯腾湖流域风沙活动强度环境特征进行了系统的研究。结果表明:博斯腾湖流域年平均风速较小,一般1.6～3.0 m·s^-1;有效起沙风作用时间存在明显的区域差异,其中巴音布鲁克起沙风天数占全年总天数的55.59%,焉耆、轮台、巴音郭楞及和静分别为18.75%、12.72%、11.48%、11.23%,其余各站均低于10%;随着风速等级的增加,起沙风出现的频率相应减少,基本上都集中在6.1～10.0 m·s^-1;研究区方向变率指数(合成输沙势/输沙势,RDP/DP)0.49~0.68,属于中比率,风况特征属于纯双峰风况或锐双峰风况。输沙势属于低风能环境,且存在较大的区域差异。  相似文献   

Constraining Ω with the fluctuation of the local Hubble flow     

Quan Guo Huan-Yuan Shan 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2009,9(2)

We present an analysis of the fluctuation of the local Hubble flow using 350 galaxies in the Local Volume (D＜5 Mpc, hereafter LV) with accurate measurements of distances, positions and radial velocities, and compare the results with the theoretical prediction of the local Hubble flow induced by density perturbations. This allows us to set a useful constraint on the local Ω parameters: ΩM～0.6 and ΩΛ～0.7, which may serve as compelling evidence for the existence of dark energy in the local Universe.  相似文献   

Hα measurements using DEFPOS/RTT150 Telescope： Instrumentation and observations     

Muhittin Sahan Ilhami Yegingil Nazim Aksaker 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2009,9(2)

To investigate the physical properties of HII regions and some PNe about 4' in size, a DEFPOS Fabry-Perot spectrometer has been redesigned and set up at the (Antalya/Bakirlitepe, Turkey), The spectrometer has a 4' circular field of view and a velocity resolution of 27.27 km s- 1 (a spectral resolving power of 11000) over a 200 km s-1 spectral window near Hα. This work presents the details of the newly redesigned inphysical results of our new Hα observations selected from the Reynolds et al. (2005) and Fich et al. (1990) papers. The DEFPOS system has been fully tested and the first observations of HII regions and PNe in the Galaxy are used to illustrate the power of the instrument. We feel that our first Fabry-Perot observations can provide a powerful tool for the study of objects with small angular size. In the future, we are planning to prepare a catalog including some physical properties such as radial velocity, line width, and intensity of some PNe and HII regions close to the 4' field of view.  相似文献   

百叶箱内部风场特征仿真分析     

杨显轲  严家德  郭建侠  王巍巍  刘倩  姜枫 《气候与环境研究》2018,23(4):493-503

流经传感器的风速是决定百叶箱气温测量精度的主要因素之一。基于计算流体动力学CFD仿真,对我国地面气象观测中广泛应用的玻璃钢百叶箱内部风场特征进行了研究。结果表明,受长方体结构特征以及侧面叶片导流的影响,百叶箱内部风场具有明显的非均一性特征,在水平剖面和垂直剖面上分别出现明显的梭形流场和环形流场;百叶箱对环境空气的流动具有明显的阻挡作用,平均相对风速减小率在箱体中轴线上存在明显的垂直差异,最小值53%出现在0.08 m附近,同时在0.25 m和0.55 m高度附近分别存在值为85%和88%的局部最大值。平均相对风速减小率随环境风向的改变而呈周期性变化,当环境风向与箱体侧面成45°、135°、225°和315°时,出现极小值73%,当环境风向与箱体侧面成0°、90°、180°和270°时,出现极大值93%。  相似文献