海洋地理国际宪章：国际地理学联合会海洋地理专业委员会   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

王颖  任美锷  吴传均 《地理学报》1999,54(3):284-286

变化中的海洋作用在迈向２１世纪之际,人们面临着一个矛盾：海洋覆盖着大于２／３的地球表面,在提供着世界人口所需的生物与非生物资源方面起着核心作用,但是,它却远不如我们地球陆地部分那样被人们所了解。必须解决三方面的重要需求：第一：由于缺乏了解海洋在不断变...  相似文献   

中国砂质海滩区域差异分布的构造成因及其堆积地貌研究     

雷刚  蔡锋  苏贤泽  曹惠美  戚洪帅  刘建辉  于帆 《台湾海峡》2014,(1):1-10

砂质海滩的形成与发育是联系地壳深部过程和地表过程的综合体现．本文根据中国沿岸砂质海滩分布状况调查结果,通过分析其分布规律与中国东部沿海中新生代构造地质分区不同海洋沉积环境的内在联系,探讨了砂质海滩区域性差异分布和堆积地貌的成因特点,从而为我国海岸资源利用的宏观配置和管理提供科学依据．研究得出：（1）中国沿岸砂质海滩的形成与发育受中新生代地质构造带控制,尤其受新构造期地壳断块升降活动差异性的影响,呈现出区域性富集的格局．（2）中国砂质海滩基本形成在构造隆起带岬湾沿岸,并且富集在其中新构造期处于上升区的海岸,这主要在于其区域性海岸环境具有形成砂质沉积的物质基础．（3）构造隆起带滨海泥沙的输沙途径及其再分配形式复杂多样,从而产生了各种不同的砂质海滩堆积地貌类型．（4）根据海岸地貌和沉积成因模式,将中国沿岸砂质海滩划分为岬湾海岸叠置沙体沉积形式、滨外坝沙体连续沉积形式和浪控三角洲平原岸改造沉积形式等3种基本模型．（5）沿海晚第四世纪古夷平地貌面与现代海平面相对高程分布的分析表明,山丘岬湾岸型砂质海滩主要形成在新构造运动下沉区段或构造相对稳定区段,而台地岬湾岸型和泻湖一沙坝岸型形成在上升区段,浪控三角洲平原岸型则分布在断块盆地．  相似文献   

我国海岸侵蚀灾害的适应性管理研究          下载免费PDF全文

黎树式  戴志军 《海洋开发与管理》2014,31(12):17-21

在全球气候变化下,海平面上升、台风和风暴潮频率增加以及强度增大等问题致使世界沿海地区海岸侵蚀加剧,我国的海岸人口、资源与环境亦面临严峻挑战。文章应用适应性和适应性管理理论,通过分析中国海岸侵蚀的影响因素、时空演变和侵蚀机制的复杂性和不确定性,由此研究海岸侵蚀的适应性类型,尝试提出"现场观测—数据库建立—综合评价—概念模型—措施制定"的海岸侵蚀灾害适应性管理模式流程,并探讨了4点具体管理措施:1完善海岸侵蚀基础信息数据库,建立侵蚀海岸监测预报预警系统;2实施相关部门会商制度;3评估和正确引导海岸人类活动;4构建公共参与长效机制。  相似文献   

Assessing benthic ecological status in coastal area near Changjiang River estuary using AMBI and M-AMBI   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘录三  李宝泉  林岿璇  蔡文倩  王全超 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(2):290-305

The Changjiang （Yangtze） River estuary has been subject to a variety of anthropogenic pressures in recent decades. To assess the ecological health of the coastal benthic ecosystem adjacent to the estuary, three surveys were conducted in 2005, 2009, and 2010. The AZTI＇s Marine Biotic Index （AMBI） and multivariate-AMBI （M-AMBI） were used to analyse the benthic ecological status of this coast. The AMBI indicate that the ecological status of the coast adjacent to the Changjiang River estuary was only slightly degraded in all 3 years. In contrast, the M-AMBI indicated that the ecological status was seriously degraded, a result that is most likely due to pollution and eutrophication induced by human activities. The assessment of the coast＇s ecological status by the AMBI was not in agreement with that of the M-AMBI at some stations because of lower biodiversity values at those sites. The analysis of the two indices integrated with abiotic parameters showed that the M-AMBI could be used as a suitable bio-indicator index to assess the benthic ecological status of the coast adjacent to the Changjiang River estuary. The reference conditions proposed for the coast of the Changjiang River estuary should be further evaluated in future studies. Designation of local species could also provide an important reference for Chinese waters. To improve the reliability of AMBI and M-AMBI, further research into the ecology of local species is required to understand their arrangement in ecological groups.  相似文献   

Temporal and spatial variations in the distribution of macroalgal communities along the Yantai coast,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韩秋影  刘东艳 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(3):595-607

To explore the impact of environmental variables on macroalgal communities, their temporal and spatial distributions were examined along the Yantai coast, China between April 2010 and March 2011. Macroalgae sampling was conducted monthly at four sites along the coast： Jiahe River estuary, Zhifu Island, Fisherman＇s Wharf, and Yangma Island. The species composition and abundance, and their relationship with environmental variables were assessed. Along the Yantai coast, 35 macroalgae species were identified, including 24 Rhodophyta spp., 7 Chlorophyta, and 4 Phaeophyta spp. Highest species numbers were recorded in the summer at all sampling sites, except in the Jiahe River estuary. Macroalgae biomass was the greatest in the summer. Year-round, the highest species number and dry biomass recorded at Fisherman＇s Wharf and Yangma Island was attributed to the substrate type. In summer, Ulva pertusa Kjellman was the dominant species identified along the Yantai coast, which indicates a risk ofmacroalgae blooms. Our results show that seawater temperature and nutrients appear to significantly affect the temporal and spatial patterns of macroalgal abundance along the Yantai coast. The effects of environmental variables on the macroalgae on the Yantai coast need further study.  相似文献   

广东深圳大鹏半岛海岸地貌特征     

张崧  孙现领  王为  黄日辉  赖宜迅  刘韫  朱雷  宋婷  金杏杏  张欢欢  田雪莲 《热带地理》2013,(6)

大鹏半岛位于广东省深圳市东部,海岸地貌类型多样,可分为基岩海岸、堆积海岸和生物海岸3大类型。文章根据野外调查和室内实验分析的结果论述了大鹏半岛海岸地貌类型、分布和成因,并在前人的研究基础上讨论了大鹏半岛海岸地貌演化过程：由于大鹏半岛处在构造隆升区,海岸类型以基岩海岸为主。多处基岩海岸保留了完好的海蚀崖、海蚀平台、海蚀槽穴、海蚀柱等各类典型的海蚀地貌。该半岛的堆积海岸主要发育于岩石岬角间的海湾内,在有河流流入的海湾处形成岬湾沙坝―澙湖海岸,在无河流的海岸处则形成湾顶海滩。半岛中段狭窄的呈哑铃状腰部的东岸,因深入内凹、波浪减弱,有淤泥质海岸发育;红树林发育于淤泥质海岸以及各澙湖内,而半岛周边浅海区有珊瑚群落生长。大鹏半岛以及邻近地区海岸地貌特征和海岸沉积物年代数据显示：1）地质构造与海平面升降是塑造该半岛海岸地貌的主要因素;2）该半岛的海岸地貌是在中全新世早期以后才开始发育的;3）该半岛全新世以来不存在强烈的地壳抬升;4）该半岛海岸中全新世出现过高于现代海平面的高海面。  相似文献   

Temporal and spatial evolution of coastline and subaqueous geomorphology in muddy coast of the Yellow River Delta   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jun Peng  Suisui Ma  Hongquan Chen  Zhiwen Li 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(3):490-502

Based on measured data of coastline and bathometry, processed by softwares of Surfer and Mapinfo, and combined with sediment loads in different phases at Lijin gauging station, temporal and spatial evolution of coastline and subaqueous geomorphology in muddy coast of the Yellow River Delta is analyzed. The results show that ～68% of sediments were delivered by the Yellow River deposited around the river mouth and in the littoral area from 1953 to 2000. Coastline in different coasts had distinctive changes in response to shifts of river course. Coastline was stable in the west of the Diaokou river mouth. Coastline from the east of the Diaokou river mouth to the north of the Gudong oilfield had experienced siltation, then serious erosion, and finally kept stable with sea walls conservation. Generally, coastline of the survived river mouth of the Qingshuigou river course stretched seaward, whereas the south side of sand spit at the Qingshuigou old river mouth was eroded after the Yellow River inpouring near the position at the Qing 8. The subaqueous geomorphology off the survived river mouth exhibited siltation from 1976 to 1996, with flat topset beds and steeper foreset beds. From 1996 to 2005, the subaqueous geomorphology off the Qingshuigou old river mouth was eroded in the topset and foreset beds, but silted in the bottomset beds. The subaqueous geomorphology off the new river mouth sequentially performed siltation with small degree compared to that of 1976–1996.  相似文献   

海岸动力环境下射流运动研究综述          下载免费PDF全文

徐振山  陈永平  张长宽 《水科学进展》2012,23(3):438-444

开展海岸动力环境下射流运动规律和扩散机理研究,对于丰富复杂动力条件下的射流基本理论、指导沿海地区污水有序向海排放有着重要的理论和现实意义。系统回顾和总结了国内外在这一领域的研究内容和相关研究成果,评述了潮流(水流)、波浪和波流环境下射流运动规律的研究进展,指出了进一步开展波流相互作用下射流运动研究的可行性和必要性,并提出了利用物理实验和大涡数值模拟手段对波流共同作用下射流特性进行综合研究的思路和方法。  相似文献   

华南岬间弧形海岸平面形态影响因素及类型   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李志强李维泉  陈子燊等 《地理学报》2014,(5):595-606

对华南47个典型弧形海岸,选取表征海岸平面形态特征、海岸水动力等10个地貌动力要素,利用主成分、分层聚类和非度量多维尺度分析等方法对影响华南弧形海岸的主要因素及海岸类型进行研究,结果表明:(1)华南弧形海岸平面形态主要受到地质构造、水动力、海陆供沙等要素共同作用;(2)华南弧形海岸可以分成4个大类。第一类型是中、强潮型海岸;第二类型主要为强浪型海岸;第三类型是地质构造控制的大型弧形海岸;第四类型只有洋浦湾与铺前湾,是比较独特的弧形海岸类型;(3)利用非度量多维尺度分析探究地貌动力要素及海岸形态与类型的关系,说明华南弧形海岸聚类分析结果具有一定的客观性。  相似文献   

基于TerraSAR-X影像的格陵兰岛海岸水边线提取   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

盛佳  洪中华  张云  袁国良 《极地研究》2014,26(4):418-424

海岸线是海洋与陆地的交界线,全球气候变化将引起海岸线的变迁,极地区域拥有最大的冰川,冰川的消融将导致全球海岸线的迅速变迁,因此研究极地海岸线具有重要的科学意义。由于潮汐等影响,卫星影像提取的海洋与陆地的交界线只是海岸水边线,本文以格陵兰岛海岸为实验对象,采用Gamma滤波方法对合成孔径雷达(SAR)数据的相干斑进行预处理,提出了应用支持向量机(SVM)和Canny边缘检测算子的海岸水边线提取方法,基于Terra SARX影像的实验结果表明,本文提取的格陵兰海岸水边线准确率都达60%以上。  相似文献