水产苗种质量安全管理对策研究     

程波  马兵  刘新中  郭云峰  宋怿 《海洋科学》2014,38(9):116-120

<正>近年来,随着经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,食品安全问题已经成为大众高度关注的社会热点问题。中国渔业的发展也从单纯追求数量转变为对数量与质量要求并举的历史阶段。当前水产品质量安全状况虽然总体稳定向好,但存在的问题和隐患不容忽视。作为水产养殖三大投入品之一,水产苗种是最活跃、最重要的生产要素;没有苗种,水产养殖将成为"无米之炊"。水产苗种的质量安全水平很大程度上影响其他投入品的使用,  相似文献   

Enhancing the culturability of bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract of farmed adult turbot Scophthalmus maximus     

邢孟欣  侯战辉  曲艳梅  刘斌 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(2):316-325

Eighteen agar media were tested for the culture of gut-associated bacteria from farmed adult turbot(Scophthalmus maximus),including 16 agar media with or without 1% gastrointestinal(GI)supernatant,or with 2% or 4% GI supernatant.A total of 1 711 colonies were analyzed and 24 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were identifi ed.The greatest bacterial diversity was isolated on Zobell 2216E/Zobell 2216E+ agar media,whereas MRS/MRS+ agar media produced a low diversity of colonies.Agar media with GI supernatant(1%,2%,or 4%)showed increased diversity and yielded different profi les of OTUs from the corresponding original media,suggesting that GI supernatant provides substances that enhance the culture effi ciency of bacteria from the turbot GI tract.The large majority of the colonies(82%)were γ-Proteobacteria,whereas 15.6% and 2.4% of colonies were Firmicutes and Actinobacteria,respectively.At the genus level,49.4% of all colonies were assigned to Vibrio.Other potential pathogens,including Pseudomonas,Photobacterium,and Enterobacter,and potential probiotics,including Bacillus,Paenibacillus,and Pseudomonas,were also isolated on agar media.Most cultured bacteria belonged to species that were fi rst described in the turbot GI tract.The impact of these species on turbot physiology and health should be investigated further.  相似文献   

Phenotypic correlations of somatic and gonad traits of sea urchins Glyptocidaris crenularis in two sampled periods: first insight into its breeding and aquaculture     

罗世滨  田晓飞  赵冲  周海森  张伟杰  封文萍  常亚青 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(2):344-348

Prior knowledge of the correlations among commercially important traits in Glyptocidaris crenularis can be used to guide development of breeding and aquaculture programs for this species. We evaluated the phenotypic correlations between somatic and gonadal traits in G. crenularis during two sample periods （October 2010 and April 2011）. The coefficients of variation （CV%） for body weight （BW）, redness （a＊）, yellowness （b＊）, gonad wet weight （GW）, and gonad index （GI） were 〉20% in both periods, while those of other traits were very low. GW was significantly correlated with somatic traits （diameter, height, and body weight） in both periods, although the correlation coefficients ranged from 0.473 to 0.636 （P〈0.01）. Gonad moisture content （GC）, a＊, and lightness （L＊） were not significantly correlated with somatic traits （P〉0.05）. The color trait b＊ was negatively correlated with somatic traits （test diameter, test height, and body weight） during the period when the gonads were well developed （April 2011, P〈0.05）. We observed little difference in the nature of the phenotypic correlations between the two sample periods. The high variation in the somatic and gonad weight traits in G. crenularis suggests there is considerable potential for selective breeding. However, our results suggest that gonad quality traits cannot be selected indirectly by selecting for body weight. Our study provides an insight into the method for improving the breeding and aquaculture of G. crenulari.  相似文献   

Effects of feeding and stocking density on digestion of cultured Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L.     

孙国祥  郑纪盟  刘宝良  刘鹰 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(6):1320-1328

The combined effects of feeding rate （0.8%, 1.0%, and 1.2% initial body weight/day）, feeding frequency （two, three, and four times/day） and stocking density （10, 15, and 20 kg/m3） in recirculating aquaculture systems （RAS） on growth performance, digestion and waste generation of Atlantic salmon （Salmo salar L.） were investigated in an 8-week orthogonal experiment （L9（3）3） with a constant daily water renewal at 7.50% of total volume. No mortality occurred during the experimental period. Feed conversion ratio （FCR） varied from 0.90 to 1.13 and specific growth rate （SGR） ranged from 0.48% to 0.69%/day. SGR, thermal growth coefficient （TGC） and FCR were not significantly （P〉0.05） affected by the three factors, while net protein utilization （NPU） was significantly （P〈0.05） affected. Apparent digestibility coefficients （ADC） of dry matter in the present study were in the range 66.12%-73.55%. ADC in protein, lipid and energy were statistically different among all treatments and in the range of 90.07%-93.67%, 81.54%-89.15%, and 67.55%-71.87%, respectively. The proportion of mean total ammonia nitrogen excreted ranged from 1.37% to 1.64% of feed nitrogen at steady state, and the concentration of nitrogenous and phosphorus compounds were differently correlated to the three factors. The results will provide valuable reference data for culture management decisions in the Atlantic salmon farming industry.  相似文献   

河蚌养殖对水域环境的影响及养殖模式的优化     

谢绍河  ;王钦贵  ;林伟财  ;梁飞龙  ;邓岳文 《广东海洋大学学报》2014,(6):98-102

综述了河蚌养殖育珠对水域水质影响以及养殖模式优化,指出采用适当的养殖模式养殖育珠,可修复水域环境与改善水质状况.  相似文献   

答疑解惑？     

《青海国土经略》2014,(3):87-87

正设施农用地界定范围咨询读者询问:根据[2010]155号《关于完善设施农用地管理有关问题的通知》中,规定设施农用地范围为:直接用于经营性养殖的畜禽舍、工厂化作物栽培或水产养殖的生产设施用地及其相应附属设施用地。请问:1、规模化种植经济林(包括果树等)、中药材项目用地,是否属  相似文献   

一种基于Android的移动互联网GIS设计与实现     

安晓飞  李治洪  李虹霖 《地理空间信息》2014,(4):90-93

针对面向专业应用领域的移动GIS开发,提出并设计了一个基于Android的移动互联网GIS技术框架,重点讨论了地图服务的通讯接口、客户端多线程应用框架以及地图交互等关键技术,并形成一个可供二次开发的移动地图应用开发包。  相似文献   

两种池养模式下异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)生物学表型对体质量影响效果的差异分析     

陈雨  戎华南  刘哲宇  陈汉春  王志铮 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(5):1161-1169

水产养殖动物的增重机制既是其生存对策的重要组成部分,也是影响其生长性能和养殖产量的重要内因。异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)是我国的重要养殖鱼类,随机选取池塘生态主养模式(M₁)和池塘生态套养模式(M₂)下经7个月养殖的异育银鲫夏花苗种各70尾为研究对象,以全长(X₁)、体高(X₂)、体宽(X₃)、头长(X₄)、侧线长(X₅)、尾柄高(X₆)、腹鳍间距(X₇)、胸鳍间距(X₈)为体尺性状,净体质量(NW)、肠质量(W₁)、肝质量(W₂)、胃质量(W₃)、鳃质量(W₄)、心质量(W₅)和鳔质量(W₆)为称量性状,采用多元分析方法分别研究了M₁、M₂实验群体尺寸性状和称量性状对其体质量(BW)的影响效应。结果表明: (1)生物学测定结果显示, CV值大于10%的均为质量性状,小于10%的均为体尺性状,除NW、X₁、X₅和X₆均呈M₁<M₂ (P<0.05), X₄和各脏器质量均呈M₁>M₂ (P<0.05)外,其余性状间均无显著差异(P>0.05); (2)相关分析显示,除W₅与BW间相关系数均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)外,其余性状与BW间的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P<0.01); (3)经通径分析和复相关分析, M₁、M₂被保留体尺性状组合X₅-X₁-X₂和X₂-X₃-X₁-X₅的总决定系数和复相关指数均分别为0.889和0.927,称量性状组合NW-W₂-W₁-W₃和NW-W₂的总决定系数和复相关指数均分别为0.992和0.971; (4)经偏回归分析,得到了可用于估算BW的M₁最优方程组和M₂最优方程组。研究结果可为我国异育银鲫科学养殖提供有效参考。  相似文献   

海南自贸港建设背景下海洋经济高质量发展初探          下载免费PDF全文

蒋逸明  李宁  谢凡  张保学 《海洋开发与管理》2022,39(5):9-13

21世纪以来,我国海洋经济逐步进入高质量发展阶段,并已经成为国民经济中的新兴增长极。文章在剖析经济高质量发展概念的基础上,结合海南实际梳理总结了海南建设自贸港背景下海洋经济高质量发展的内涵。通过研究海南当前海洋经济发展现状,指出海南省在发展海洋经济和建设自由贸易港中存在的海洋经济总量少、结构不合理;对外开放与对内合作程度偏低;海洋科技及人才支撑能力不足;生态环境保护与修复压力较大等问题。最后提出细化改革,完善海洋经济体制机制;开放合作,构建对内对外开放格局;创新驱动,提供海洋科技动力源泉;提升能力,打造现代海洋产业体系;陆海联动,加强海洋生态文明建设等发展途径。  相似文献   

山东长岛海水养殖碳汇核算与能力评估          下载免费PDF全文

洪旭光  王凯  宋洪军  初建松  张朝晖 《海洋开发与管理》2022,39(8):12-16

为促进长岛碳汇渔业的发展和国家公园的建设,文章首次核算长岛海域养殖贝藻类的碳汇数据,综合评估长岛海水养殖的碳汇能力及其影响因素,并提出对策建议。研究结果表明：长岛海水养殖具有一定的碳汇能力,2016—2020年长岛海域养殖贝藻类的平均碳汇量为2.94万t,其中贝类尤其是扇贝的碳汇量显著高于藻类;养殖结构和养殖产量是长岛海水养殖碳汇能力的主要影响因素,其中养殖产量又受养殖规模、环境、方式和技术等因素的影响;未来长岛发展碳汇渔业应进一步优化海水养殖结构、建立海水养殖碳汇核算体系以及制定和实施相关政策。  相似文献