烃源岩中C19~C29甾烷系列和25 降藿烷系列的检出及其地质意义   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王作栋  孟仟祥  陶明信  王晓锋  李中平  徐永昌 《沉积学报》2009,27(1):180-185

沉积有机质中通常可检测到C21（孕甾烷）、C22（升孕甾烷）和C27~C29甾烷,但C19、C20和C23~C26甾烷并不常见。在三塘湖盆地芦草沟组黑色页岩中检出了完整的C19~C29甾烷系列和25 降藿烷系列。如此完整且丰度较高的此类化合物,尚无文献报道。这一新的资料可能蕴含着丰富的油气地球化学信息。初步认为这2个系列的化合物指示:其古环境为干旱和咸化水体环境;有机质以藻类和浮游生物等低等水生生物来源为主,在沉积初期遭受强烈的生物降解作用;原始有机质与细菌降解的产物共存,成为生烃先质。  相似文献   

海洋石油降解菌深海弯曲菌的种类多样性及地理分布特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

刘仁菊  董纯明  李登峰  邵宗泽 《应用海洋学学报》2017,36(4):565-574

深海弯曲菌(Thalassolituus)是一类海洋专属的石油降解菌.为认识其多样性与地理分布、获取石油降解菌资源,本研究对西太平洋和厦门近海的表层海水分别通过石油烃富集和直接涂布石油烃平板,对获取的菌株进行了分离鉴定.在此基础上,对Gen Bank数据库中该属的可培养和未培养菌株信息,进行了系统进化与物种多样性分析.结果表明,从西太富集菌群分离得到的32个菌株中,主要优势菌为假单孢菌(Pseudomonas)和海杆菌(Marinobacter);其次是食烷菌(Alcanivorax)和弧菌(Vibrio).深海弯曲菌仅有2株,但它们代表1个潜在的新种,它们与模式菌株T.marinus IMCC1826T的同源性仅为96.9%和97.0%.从厦门表层海水中分离到1株深海弯曲菌,与模式菌株T.marinus IMCC1826T的相似度为99.66%.基于本研究分离菌株及Gen Bank可培养及未培养菌株的16S rRNA基因序列开展的系统发育分析表明,该属存在3个明显的进化分支,即2个模式种T.oleivorans与T.marinus分别代表的2个分支和1个独立分支;此外,不同分支呈现明显的地理分布特征,即来自同一纬度范围的菌株或序列多聚类于同一分支中.我们推测,深海弯曲菌在进化过程中,可能因适应不同纬度海域的温度等环境因子,逐步进化出3个不同环境适应性的分支.本研究加深了对深海弯曲菌在不同温度海洋环境中种类多样性分布特征的认识,为海洋石油污染生物修复提供了新资源.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地北部隆起原油混合作用半定量评价   总被引：13，自引：5，他引：13  

杨杰  黄海平  张水昌  陈发景 《地球化学》2003,32(2):105-111

塔里木盆地北部隆起油气类型非常复杂，多期充注和储层内的混合作用极为普遍，早期充注原油遭受过生物降解作用的强烈改造，油质非常重，烃类含量和组成发生很大变化，表现为正烷烃和类异戊二烯烃完全消失，甾烷和藿烷被严重破坏，形成大量25－降藿烷，三芳甾相对富集。后期充注的正常原油油质较轻，正烷烃和类异戊二烯烃完整分布，25－降藿烷和三芳甾含量极低。两期充注原油在储层内不同的混合程度造成原油物性和分子组成复杂多变，其变化受控于混合比。根据混合油中正烷烃和25－降藿烷的绝对含量以及三芳甾的相对含量，对油藏内两期充注油的贡献进行了半定量计算，结果表明塔河油田4号构造早期充注的残留油与新近充注的正常油含量相当，塔河3号构造除沙47原油中含20％左右的早期充注油外，基本属晚期充注的产物；哈得逊油田早期充注的残留油含量在5％－15％之间，表明该油田的形成期很晚；乡3井原油中早期充注的残留油约占1／4，羊屋2井主要是晚期充注的贡献。  相似文献   

二连盆地稠油地球化学及其成因探讨   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

方杰  顾连兴  刘宝泉  张洪生  张光辉  孙彤彤 《地质论评》2002,48(3):304-312

稠油在二连盆地内广泛分布,其成因可分为原生稠油和次生稠油两类。原生稠油来自未成熟或低成熟的白垩系烃源岩的直接排烃和原油运移过程中的分异,主要为普通稠油(粘度为100～5000mPa·s),而次生稠油则是原生稠油受生物降解、水洗和氧化等次生稠变的产物,并具有不同的稠化程度。基于大量稠油物性、饱和烃色谱和色质分析数据,探讨了不同类型稠油的特征,并根据稠化程度的差异将二连盆地稠油归纳为一个稠变序列,即低成熟—未成熟稠油(粘度100～2000 mPa·s)、轻度生物降解稠油(粘度500～5000 mPa·s)、中度生物降解稠油(粘度1000～50000 mPa·s)、重度生物降解稠油(粘度>50000 mPa·s)。随原油稠化程度的不断增加,其产物从普通稠油变化为特稠油。原油在盆地斜坡带和凹中隆起的高部位最容易发生次生稠变而形成稠油。多种稠变作用的叠加是二连地区稠油大面积分布的主要原因。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地西北缘稠油生物降解特征   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5  

王屿涛 《沉积学报》1994,12(1):81-88

本文对准噶尔盆西北缘主要稠油区内的稠油进行了饱和烃和芳烃的ＧＣ／ＭＳ分析。结果表明，生物标志物的组成具有较完整的抗降解序列；结合稠油的常规物理性质，将稠油的生物降解作用划分轻微生物降解作用、轻度生物降解作用、中度生物降解作用，重度生物降解作和特重度生物降解作用。  相似文献   

Combining hydropyrolysis and compound specific stable isotope measurements to identify sources of biodegrade PAHs in soils and sediments     

Chenggong SUN Gbolagade Olalere Wisdom Ivwurie Mick Cooper Christopher H. Vane Colin Snape 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):90-91

Compound-specific ^13C/^12C isotope ratio measurements have successfully been demonstrated as a valuable technique for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） source apportionment in a number of studies. However, under certain circumstances, where the PAils matrix has been subjected to heavy biodegradation/phytoremediation, and the isotopic signatures for PAHs are overlapping for some sources, further constraints are needed for unambiguous source apportionment. It has been shown that asphaltenes retain useful molecular and isotopic information of biogeochemical significance for oil-source rock correlation （1-3）, which can be accessed via hydropyrolysis. Given that stable isotopic ratios of PAHs are not significantly affected by biodegradation and that hydropyrolysis of asphaltenes can generate representative molecular profiles expected for non-biodegraded oils, this has enabled an analytical methodology combining hydropyrolysis and compound-specific stable isotope measurements to be developed for source apportioning hydrocarbons in biodegraded environmental samples. In this study, the PAHs released from hydropyrolysis of asphaltenes from a variety of primary sources （e.g. crude oils, low and high temperature coal tars, and river sediments） were characterized in regard to their molecular distributions and ^13C/^12C isotope ratios. Application to samples previously examined from an area close to a former carbonization plant is described where unambiguous source apportionment could not be achieved previously for the PAHs due to likely environmental alternation （3）. For both low and high temperature coal tar, the molecular profiles for bound aromatics are broadly similar to their free aromatic counterparts. The stable carbon isotope ratios for the major PAH components present in bound aromatics （-23‰） are significantly more enriched in ^13C than the free aromatics （-26‰）,  相似文献   

Advances on bioremediation of off-contaminated soil in cold region     

Xiaoyan LIU Jingxin SUN Guocheng MAO Chunlei DAI Chun LI Qianya ZHU Yingli LI 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):96-97

Petroleum pollution in the soil is a common problem in the world. The pollution may not only cause resource waste, but also may result in environment destruction, biology subsistence crisis and human health damage gradually. Biological techniques can be used to remove and transfer petroleum contaminants in the soil. Bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil, which is cost-effective,safe and friendly to environment, is promising. Low temperatures and lack of available nutrients often limit the rate of microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soils in cold region. Some scholars carried out bioremediation technology research on oily soil in cold area. Scientists attempted many measures to increase the temperature of the field. A multidisciplinary team of engineers, microbiologists and electricians has designed and installed a thermally （TIS） enhanced biopile in oil-contaminated soil in Prudhoe Bay, AK. Covered with a black plastic sheet, the pile can also improve temperature condition. Nutrient is another important factor affecting bioremediation. Because of the different constituents in the soil, the proportion of elements is different. To optimize nutrient amendments for the remediation of a long-term hydrocarbon-contaminated site at the Old Casey Station in Antarctica, results showed that the effects of nitrogen （and phosphorus） on microbial are evident. If the method of fertilizing inorganic nutrients is improper, salinity of the soil may be increased and the osmotic potential may be impacted. J.L.Walworth et al.  相似文献   

Isolation and characterization of phenanthrene-degrading strain Sphingomonas sp. GY2B     

Xueqin TAO Guining LU Zhi DANG Chen YANG Xiaoyun YI 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):109-109

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） are of great concern since most of them have been shown to be toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic. Bioremediation, based on certain species of microorganisms, is regarded as an alternative method to detoxify or remove PAHs from the contaminated sites. Phenanthrene has been often used as a model substance for microbial metabolism of ＂bay-region＂ and ＂K-region＂ containing carcinogenic PAH. The focus of the present study is to isolate and identify microorganisms which could use phenanthrene as the sole carbon and energy source. Such microorganisms are expected to be of interest as a source organism for the bioremediation of PAHs polluted soils. The bacterial consortia were enriched from PAH contaminated soils with water-silicon oil biphasic systems. An aerobic bacterial strain efficiently utilizing phenanthrene as the sole carbon and energy source was isolated from bacterial consortia GY2 and identified as Sphingomonas sp. strain GY2B. Strain GY2B was susceptible to some common used antibiotics such as cefuroxime, chloramphenicol, erythromycin and tetracycline and intermediate susceptible to amoxycillin. Moreover, no plasmids could be isolated from strain GY2B using the standard alkaline-SDS method. At pH 7.4 and 30℃ strain GY2B had an optimal growth condition and in this condition above 99.8% phenanthrene was degraded under initial concentration of 100 mg/L. The addition of low concentration of glucose （10-200 mg/L） in MSM containing 100 mg/L phenanthrene could enhance the growth of strain GY2B, while the high concentration of glucose （〉500 mg/L） could exert an inhibitive effect on cell growth. Besides phenanthrene, strain GY2B could also use naphthalene, phenol, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, 2-naphthol, salicylic acid and catechol as the sole carbon and energy source. The growth of strain GY2B on salicylic acid and catechol showed that the degradation of phenanthrene might follow salicylate pathway.  相似文献   

降解多氯联苯嗜盐菌的分离和降解特性   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

赵喆  张兰英  周佳欣 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2007,37(2):380-383

从深海底泥中提取出生长盐度在15%~20%的十二株嗜盐菌,对其进行分离、纯化和富集,进行了形态观察和革兰氏染色,最终选取了一株生长状态良好的菌株进行降解多氯联苯的影响实验。通过改变菌株降解PCBs的条件——pH值、接种量以及多氯联苯的浓度,得到降解多氯联苯的最适条件:在30℃下此菌株降解的最适pH值为7~8,最佳接种量为5 mL,多氯联苯的浓度为3 mg/L以下时,72 h的降解率可以达到90%以上。  相似文献   

新疆三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷石炭系原油形成过程及勘探意义          下载免费PDF全文

吴红烛  黄志龙  张成林  涂小仙  罗权生  孔宏伟  范谭广  张新顺 《高校地质学报》2015,21(1):124

新疆三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷牛圈湖构造带马25井石炭系火山岩储层中发现了原油和固体沥青共存,通过储层多级分离抽提和原油地球化学分析,并对这些原油(或固体沥青)的形成过程与其勘探意义进行了研究,结果表明这些原油和沥青可能主要来自下石炭统烃源岩,具有较低姥植比和伽玛蜡烷含量、高丰度三环萜、高Ts/Tm比值和重族组分碳同位素(δ13C-28.0‰)特征;现今油藏原油富含生物降解标志物(25-降藿烷),同时却无明显其它生物降解特征(正构烷烃、甾藿烷等保存完整),反映多期充注特征,即二叠纪中晚期成藏后遭受生物降解,白垩纪后期又再次充注形成;下石炭系有效烃源岩的存在预示着本区具有深部下石炭统源岩贡献的油气藏勘探前景。  相似文献