商业平板式超滤膜包完整性检验：对海洋胶体生物地球化学研究的启示     

LIN Liangshi  CAI Yihu  SUN Xiuwu  CHEN Min 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(9):109-116

The performance and integrity of a cassette cross-flow ultrafilter(Pellicon 2, Millipore) are examined with a suite of macromolecules of different molecular masses. The retention coefficient during the cross-flow ultrafiltration experiments increases with increasing molecular mass and reaches 90% with 10 kDa dextran in both milli-Q water and ultrafiltered seawater media. Based on a 90% retention coefficient, the molecular mass cut-off for the ultrafiltration membrane is defined at 10 kDa, which is ten times(1 kDa) that rated by the manufacturer. To further validate the accuracy of the laboratory calibration, the samples from the lower Zhujiang River and the Jiulong River Estuary are ultrafiltered with the cassette ultrafiltration membrane and the colloidal organic carbon abundances in these samples are quantified with the ultrafiltration permeation model based on time series permeation subsamples. The colloidal organic carbon abundances are 5.8%–21.1% in the Jiulong River Estuary and 5.6%–11.0% in the lower Zhujiang River. These are consistent with the reported values for both estuaries as well as with the colloidal organic carbon abundances in marine environments over the coastal and open oceans with 10 kDa cut-off membranes. Therefore, these field data support the laboratory calibration result and indicate the validity of the experimental and quantification procedure adopted. The discrepancy between the nominal molecular mass cut-off and the actual pore size of the ultrafiltration membrane should be of great concern for research in colloidal and nanoparticle biogeochemistry. Careful examination of the membrane integrity should be taken during ultrafiltration experiments in order to avoid misleading molecular mass cut-off information.  相似文献   

褐藻多糖硫酸酯对脂多糖诱导大鼠肾小球系膜细胞NO产生量的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

王雪妹  王晶  张全斌 《海洋科学》2014,38(10):1-5

慢性肾衰的进程中伴随着肾脏炎症的发生,研究表明褐藻多糖硫酸酯具有抗炎作用,且对于慢性肾衰的早期治疗具有一定的作用。本文通过脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导,建立大鼠肾小球系膜细胞的炎症模型,用来源于海带的高分子质量褐藻多糖硫酸酯F1和低分子质量褐藻多糖硫酸酯F2对细胞进行处理,24 h后MTT法检测各组细胞活力,Griess法检测24 h及48 h后细胞培养液中NO的含量。结果表明,各组间细胞活力无明显差异;脂多糖可以诱导大鼠肾小球系膜细胞NO产量增加,F1和F2均可在一定程度上抑制脂多糖诱导的NO产量的增加,从而减轻细胞炎症反应。剂量为25μg/m L的F1和F2处理细胞48 h后,与模型组相比,F1和F2组细胞培养液中NO含量分别下降22.52%和38.65%,低分子质量褐藻多糖硫酸酯抗炎效果明显高于高分子质量褐藻多糖硫酸酯。  相似文献   

用传输矩阵方法研究多层介质增透膜的透射特性     

黎开洪  杨进 《成都信息工程学院学报》2006,21(Z1):104-110

利用麦克斯韦方程组和边界条件,推导出由高低折射率介质组成周期性的多层增透膜系的传输矩阵,用传输性矩阵求出增透膜系的反射率和透射率表示式,采用Maple语言和数值计算方法得到4层和8层高反射膜系的反射率随入射光波长变化曲线,分析和讨论入射光的入射角对反射率和透射率的影响.得到的结果有利于对多层介质增透膜系结构的理解,为光学仪器镀膜的设计提供了理论依据.  相似文献   

THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SEPARATED AND CULTURED CELL OF PORPHYRA YEZOENSIS     

梅俊学  费修绠 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2001,19(1):35-39

There are many reports that cells (protoplasts) separated from the thallus of Porphyra by enzyme can develop to normal leafy thalli in the same way as monopores. But there are few investigations on the subcellular structure of the isolated vegetative cell for ccmparison with the subcellular structure of monospores. To clarify whether the separated and cultured cells undergo the same or similar ultrastructure changes during culture and germination as monospores undergo in their formation and germination, we observed their ultrastructure, ccxnpared them with those of the monospore and found that the ultrastructure of separated and cultured cells did not have the characteristic feature as that of monospore formarion, such as production of small and large fibrous vesicles, but was acccxnpanied by vacuolation andstarch mobilization like that in monospore germination. The paper also discusses the relations between monospores and separated and cultured cells.  相似文献   

Impacts of Coagulation Pretreatment on MF Filtration and a Comparative Study of Different Membrane Module Types     

LIU Oi-feng Kim Seung-hyun Yun Jong-sup Moon Seong-yong 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2006,5(4):295-299

Changes in the regulatory requirements and the forthcoming Disinfectant/Disinfection By-Products （D/DBP） Rule will require that drinking water treatment facilities be operated to achieve maximum removals of particles and disinfectant tolerant microorganisms as well as natural organic matter （NOM）. For drinking water production, the use of membrane filtration processes such as microfiltration and ultrafiltration （MF/UF） alone to satisfy the turbidity, particle and microorganism removal a requirement of the surface water treatment regulation （SWTR） is not enough. MF/UF treatment processes can achieve only nominal （10 percent） removal of disinfection by-products （DBP） precursors （James, et al., 1995）. On the other hand, too fast fouling can make the filtration processes more difficult to carry on. To solve these problems, many authors have been interested in installing coagulation pretreatment before membrane filtration to improve membrane performance. However, previous studies reported conflicting results. Some supported the effectiveness of coagulation pretreatment, while others contended that coagulation aggravated membrane performance. This research aims to identify the effects of coagulation pretreatment on membrane filtration through a pilot study using PVDF membrane in combination with analyzing the rationale of coagulation. Another objective of this research was to evaluate the different impacts on membrane performance of using different membrane modules （the submerged module and pressured module）. The results showed that coagulation pretreatment greatly improved the membrane performance, extending the filtration time as well as reducing the permeated organic level, and that the submerged module is much more efficient than the pressured module.  相似文献   

纳米计量学的基础技术组件   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

叶贤基 《天文研究与技术》2002,(3):101-116

为了满足ASTROD激光宇航动力学任务慨念计划的高精度要求 ,以及实现新质量标准 ,我们开始进行次纳米激光测长与纳米定位控制的研究。本文将回顾我们在清华大学与工研院测量中心的研究成果 ,介绍如何利用外差式激光干涉仪、挠性微动台与压电陶瓷 ,进行次纳米激光测长与纳米定位控制。此研究成果将做为ASTROD计划中 ,无拖曳航天技术的研发基础。之后讨论如何将纳米定位控制系统与扫描穿隧显微镜进行整合 ,完成计量型扫描穿隧显微镜 ,进一步将微结构的测量尺寸直接追溯至长度标准。  相似文献   

Siderophores from Marine Microorganisms and Their Applications   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

LIJunfeng CHIZhenming 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2004,3(1):40-47

1　Introduction　Ironisanessentialelementwhichisdifficulttoob tainduetoitslowsolubilityunderthephysiologicalconditions ,anditisalsothemostimportanttransitionmetalionfornearlyalllivingsystems.Manypatho genicbacteriausuallyobtainironfromtheiron bind ingprot…  相似文献   

植被生长对填埋场三层覆盖系统防渗性能的影响     

郭浩文  吴宏伟  张琪  陈锐  张彦敏 《工程地质学报》2022,30(5):1731-1743

植物已被广泛用于改善岩土设施的服役性能。然而,植物生长对填埋场多层覆盖系统防渗性能的影响尚不清楚。本研究通过在深圳下坪固体废弃物填埋场开展为期两年的现场试验,并利用数值模拟进行对比与参数化分析,旨在量化湿润气候下植物生长对土体水力性质以及三层覆盖系统防渗功能的影响。经研究发现,土体饱和渗透系数(k_s)随根长密度(RLD)的增加呈线性下降。相比裸露土,植草土k_s、入渗量和入渗速率分别降低55%,18%和35%。这导致在现场监测期间植草覆盖系统中维持的吸力明显高于裸露覆盖系统,数值分析与实测结果相一致。然而,百年一遇降雨后两覆盖系统内吸力分布无显著差异。在两年的现场监测中,相比裸露覆盖系统,草类减少累积渗漏量达21%。通过裸露与植草覆盖系统的年均渗漏量均满足美国环保局建议的每年30 mm的设计要求,证明了没有土工膜的三层覆盖系统在湿润气候下的良好防渗性能。  相似文献   

考虑动态泥膜效应的盾构开挖面稳定理论研究     

金大龙  袁大军 《岩土力学》2022,43(11):2952-2962

泥水盾构工法被广泛应用于高压富水复杂地质环境中修筑隧道,其中开挖面稳定控制是工程成败的关键,在盾构掘进时,由于刀盘不断旋转切削地层,开挖面上的泥膜处于“形成―破坏―再形成”的动态循环过程,泥膜透水性增强,这种动态泥膜作用下开挖面的稳定如何评价有待于进一步探索。对此,对泥水盾构掘进过程中的动态泥膜进行了分类,提出了考虑盾构运动和泥浆渗滤特征的动态泥膜理论。在此基础上,采用空间离散法将泥水压力引入旋转体模型,建立了考虑动态泥膜效应的开挖面稳定力学模型,提出了泥水盾构动态掘进过程中开挖面临界泥浆压力及泥浆支护效率评估方法,研究指出：当盾构在强渗透性地层中掘进时,在尽量提高泥浆成膜率的同时,应注重泥浆黏度调节,充分发挥渗透力支护作用,同时可适当提高盾构掘进速度并降低刀盘转速,有利于开挖面稳定控制。以泥浆成膜率、等效渗透系数为依据给出了泥浆支护效率设计图,研究工作对盾构掘进支护压力控制和泥浆配置有一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

开花后淹水对小麦旗叶叶肉细胞及产量的影响     

田咏梅  许可  周浩亮 《气象与环境科学》2013,36(1):36-39

选用小麦品种济麦20和泰农18,采用池栽补灌淹水方法,研究开花期及灌浆期3、6、9、12d淹水对小麦旗叶叶肉细胞形态及籽粒产量的影响.开花期淹水,减少叶肉细胞的裂解,延缓了旗叶衰老;灌浆期淹水,则加剧了叶肉细胞的裂解,旗叶的衰老加速.除淹水3d外,两时期6-12 d淹水均引起籽粒产量降低.产量降低的主导因素是粒数的减少,其次是粒重的降低.  相似文献