COVID-19 strict lockdown impact on urban air quality and atmospheric temperature in four megacities of India     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(6):101368

COVID-19 pandemic has forced to lockdown entire India starting from 24th March 2020 to 14th April 2020 (first phase), extended up to 3rd May 2020 (second phase), and further extended up to 17th May 2020 (third phase) with limited relaxation in non-hotspot areas. This strict lockdown has severely curtailed human activity across India. Here, aerosol concentrations of particular matters (PM) i.e., PM₁₀, PM_2.5, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulphur dioxide (SO₂), ammonia (NH₃) and ozone (O₃), and associated temperature fluctuation in four megacities (Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai) from different regions of India were investigated. In this pandemic period, air temperature of Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai has decreased about 3 °C, 2.5 °C, 2 °C and 2 °C respectively. Compared to previous years and pre-lockdown period, air pollutants level and aerosol concentration (?41.91%, ?37.13%, ?54.94% and ?46.79% respectively for Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai) in these four megacities has improved drastically during this lockdown period. Emission of PM_2.5 has experienced the highest decrease in these megacities, which directly shows the positive impact of restricted vehicular movement. Restricted emissions produce encouraging results in terms of urban air quality and temperature, which may encourage policymakers to consider it in terms of environmental sustainability.  相似文献   

A safe haven of SARS-CoV-2 in the environment: Prevalence and potential transmission risks in the effluent,sludge, and biosolids     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(6):101373

The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which has caused millions of death globally is recognized to be unstable and recalcitrant in the environment, especially in the way it has been evolving to form new and highly transmissible variants. Of particular concerns are human-environment interactions and the handling and reusing the environmental materials, such as effluents, sludge, or biosolids laden with the SARS-CoV-2 without adequate treatments, thereby suggesting potential transmission and health risks. This study assesses the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in effluents, sludge, and biosolids. Further, we evaluate the environmental, ecological, and health risks of reusing these environmental materials by wastewater/sludge workers and farmers. A systematic review of literature from the Scopus database resulted in a total of 21 articles (11 for effluents, 8 for sludge, and 2 for biosolids) that met the criteria for meta-analysis, which are then subdivided into 30 meta-analyzed studies. The prevalence of SAR-CoV-2 RNA in effluent and sludge based on random-effect models are 27.51 and 10^12.25, respectively, with a 95% CI between 6.14 and 48.89 for the effluent, and 10^4.78 and 10^19.71 for the sludge. However, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the biosolids based on the fixed-effect model is 30.59, with a 95% CI between 10.10 and 51.08. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in environmental materials indicates the inefficiency in some of the treatment systems currently deployed to inactivate and remove the novel virus, which could be a potential health risk concern to vulnerable wastewater workers in particular, and the environmental and ecological issues for the population at large. This timely review portends the associated risks in handling and reusing environmental materials without proper and adequate treatments.  相似文献   

饥饿对金鱼卵巢型和脑型芳香化酶基因表达的影响研究     

温海深  王宇龙  姜龙  李吉方  何峰  刘淼 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,(Z2):48-53

采用RT-PCR技术,研究了金鱼性腺型芳香化酶基因(CYP19A)和脑型芳香化酶基因(CYP19B)的表达对饥饿胁迫的响应机制.研究结果表明:正常投喂的雌性金鱼中CYP19A基因mRNA在卵巢、肝脏、肾脏、肌肉、鳃、头肾、脾脏、脑、肠和心脏10个组织均有表达,表达量呈现递减趋势;饥饿胁迫后,CYP19A基因mRNA在脑和卵巢中表达的变化规律基本一致,即饥饿5d时表达量显著降低(P<0.05),随后表达水平维持稳定.正常投喂的雌性金鱼CYP19B基因mRNA在脑、头肾、性腺、脾、肌肉和心脏6个组织中表达呈现递减趋势;CYP19B基因mRNA在脑和卵巢中的表达量,在饥饿5d时表达量显著降低(P<0.05),随后表达水平维持稳定.这些结果说明,雌性金鱼在饥饿条件下,性激素合成关键酶基因在脑和卵巢中的表达量显著降低,可能影响卵巢发育。  相似文献   

Symposium On Sediment Storage In Rivers And Estuaries     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):487-488

Book Reviewed in this article:

Geographical Aspects of Health and Disease in India. Rais Akhtarand A.T.A. Learmonth, eds.

Antarctic Treaty System: An Assessment. Proceedings of a Workshop at Beardmore South Field Camp, Antarctica.

American Electoral Mosaics. J. Clark Archerand Fred M. Shelley.

Kompas op Suidwes-Afrika/Namibie. W.S. Barnard, ed.

Jerusalem in the 19th Century: The Old City. Yehoshua Ben-Arieh.

The World as a Total System. Kenneth E. Boulding.

A Social History of Housing 1815–1985, Second Ed. John Burnett.

Human Migration. W.A.V. Clark.

Regional Population Projection Models. Andrei Rogers.

The State of Population Theory: Forward from Malthus. David Colemanand Roger Schofield, eds.

Imagining Tomorrow: History, Technology and the American Future. Joseph C. Corn, ed.

Swidden Agriculture in Indonesia: The Subsistence Strategies of the Kalimantan Kantú. Michael R. Dove.

Glacial Geologic Processes. David Drewry.

Physics of Desertification. Farouk El-Bazand M.H.A. Hassan, eds.

Housing the Homeless. Jon Ericksonand Charles Wilhelm, eds.

Settlement Patterns in Missouri: A Study of Population Origins, with a Wall Map. Russel L. Gerlach.

Desert Development: Man and Technology in Sparselands. Yehuda Gradus, ed.

Nuclear Winter. The Evidence and Risks. Owen Greene, Ian Percivaland Irene Ridge.

The Take-off of Suburbia and the Crisis of the Central City. Günter Heinritzand Elisabeth Lichtenberger, eds.

Regional Input-Output Analysis. Geoffrey J. D. Hewings.

Spatial Transportation Modeling. Christian Werner.

The Atlas of Georgia. Thomas W. Hodlerand Howard A. Schretter, eds.

Latin America. 5th ed. Preston E. Jamesand C.W. Minkel.

Applied Remote Sensing. C.P. Lo.

Localities, Class, and Gender. The Lancaster Regionalism Group.

Urban Social Movements: The City after Castells. Stuart Lowe.

Politics and Method. Doreen Masseyand Richard Meegan, eds.

Land Use. A. S. Mather.

The Kingdom of Coal. Donald L. Millerand Richard E. Sharpless.

The Presidio and Militia on the Northern Frontier of New Spain, A Documentary History, Vol. 1: 1570–1700. Thomas H. Naylorand Charles W. Polzer, S.J., comps. andeds.

Nuclear Power: Siting and Safety. Stan Openshaw.

The Central African Republic: The Continent's Hidden Heart. Thomas O'Toole.

Environmental and Dynamic Geomorphology. Márton Pécsi, ed.

Remote Sensing Principles and Interpretation. Floyd F. Sabins, Jr.

Acid Rain and Friendly Neighbors: The Policy Dispute between Canada and the United States. Jurgen Schmandtand Hilliard Roderick, eds.

Earth's Changing Surface: An Introduction to Geomorphology. M.J. Selby.

International Migration: The Female Experience. Rita J. Simonand Caroline B. Brettell, eds.

On Geography and Its History. D.R. Stoddart.

Transportation Networks: A Quantitative Approach. D. Teodorovic.

Processes in Physical Geography. R.D. Thompson, A.M. Mannion, C.W. Mitchell, M. Parry, J.R.G. Townshend.

Imaging Radar for Resources Surveys. J.W. Trevett.

Dominance and Affection: The Making of Pets. Yi-Fu Tuan.

Capturing the Horizon. The Historical Geography of Transportation since the Transportation Revolution of the Sixteenth Century. James E. Vance, Jr.

Nations at Risk: The Impact of the Computer Revolution. Edward Yourdon.  相似文献   

全球抗病毒药品贸易格局演化及其对新冠肺炎疫情防控的启示   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

夏启繁  杜德斌  段德忠  黄晓东 《地理研究》2020,39(11):2429-2448

新冠肺炎疫情大流行仍在肆虐全球。国际合作,尤其是在全球大流行时期保持医药卫生健康领域正常流通的特需药品贸易是抗击疫情的关键。然而,疫情期间越来越多的出口管制已经使得以往的全球药品贸易发生一定程度的改变,全球抗病毒药品贸易中的相互依存关系在大流行期间被刻画的更加清晰。本文通过梳理2000—2018年全球抗病毒药品贸易格局的时空演化特征,探讨了全球抗病毒药品贸易的产品结构及各国（地区）在全球抗病毒药品贸易体系中的地位变动,特别是揭示了中国与其他国家（地区）在全球抗病毒药品贸易体系中的相互依存关系。研究发现：① 产业结构上,以疫苗产品为主的全球抗病毒药品贸易体系正向以疫苗、含抗生素药品为主演化。两类药品出口都集中于欧美发达国家;中国则主要出口抗生素。② 拓扑结构上,全球抗病毒药品贸易网络是一典型的“核心-边缘”式的小世界网络。网络核心由美国逐步转向西欧国家。网络社团逐步聚拢,中国逐步脱离美国社团,向以德国、比利时为代表的西欧社团靠拢,并且在网络中的地位也越来越重要。③ 空间结构上,全球抗病毒药品进出口贸易格局逐步由分散走向集中,形成欧洲主导、美国衰落、亚洲兴起的发展态势。④ 在抗病毒药品贸易上,中国与主要发达国家（地区）间的相互依存关系逐步加深,而与“一带一路”沿线国家（地区）间的相互依存关系较低。  相似文献   

磷灰石的核磁共振研究——(Ⅰ)19F的NMR谱学特征     

刘羽  许涛  王少怀 《矿物学报》2009,29(3)

对固相反应合成的氟羟磷灰石固溶体系列进行了19FMAs NMR分析,结果表明:当F含量较低时,只出现一个化学位移δ为-105.5的NMR峰,而当F相对含量超过(OH)的相对含量时,在δ为-103附近出现一个新的微弱肩状共振峰.随F含量增大,该峰相对强度逐渐增大,说明在高F含量的FHap结构中出现了两种化学环境下的F核.根据上述19F NMR峰的数量和位置,可以推断磷灰石中F-OH的相对含量和成键状态.  相似文献   

XMM–Newton observations of the polars EV UMa, RX J1002–19 and RX J1007–20     

Gavin Ramsay  Mark Cropper 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,338(1):219-226

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The specific surface of Na⁺-humate on the basis of coion exclusion     

M. Tschapek  R.M.Torres Sanchez 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1978,42(9):1317-1320

The activity of the coion in Na⁺ -humate sol from the membrane potential and the activity of coion in the dialyzate values is calculated. The specific surface of Na⁺ -humate sol, determined by the negative absorption of coion, is close to 2000 m²g^?1. The relationships among the specific surface, the molecular weight and the size of particles of Na⁺ -humate sol are considered.  相似文献   

珠海市新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集发生的时空特征及传播路径   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘郑倩  叶玉瑶  张虹鸥  郭洪旭  杨骥  王长建 《热带地理》2020,40(3):422-431

利用珠海市卫生健康局公开发布的98例新型冠状病毒肺炎病例流行病学调查数据，通过26个疫情聚集单元的时空特征分析和4类典型传播路径的案例剖析，深入探讨了珠海市新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集发生的时空规律和传播路径。结果表明：1）珠海的疫情发展与武汉的人口流动与管控密切相关，由于管控及时，目前仍以疫源区直接输入和家庭聚集扩散为主要传播方式，在有限范围内扩散。2）存在输入一代家庭聚集传播、输入一代非家庭聚集传播、输入二代家庭聚集传播、输入二代非家庭聚集传播4种不同的传播路径，且以第一种为主要方式，但非家庭聚集传播的路径复杂，应加强流行病学调查和防控。3）对输入性病例从输入到发病的滞后周期以及聚集单元最长发病时间间隔来看，有少部分病例或携带者可以突破14 d限制，应警惕目前普遍采用的14 d隔离措施可能存在的风险。  相似文献   

基于人口流动的广东省COVID-19疫情风险时空分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

叶玉瑶  王长建  张虹鸥  杨骥  刘郑倩  吴康敏  邓应彬 《地理学报》2020,75(11):2521-2534

人口流动,特别是来自疫源区的人口输入,COVID-19疫情传播的关键风险来源。本文以广东省为例,利用人口迁移大数据与地理空间分析技术,综合考虑人口来源地风险差异与流入地社会经济属性差异,并依据输入性病例发病的间隔时间分布引入时滞过程,构建了包含时滞效应的疫情风险时空分析模型,理论上可以根据现状人口流动研判未来一定时期的疫情风险的变化趋势及空间格局,为提前谋划和精准防控提供决策参考。分析结果表明：① 广东省新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情在2020年1月29日拐点初现,随后呈现逐步下降的趋势。② 基于输入性病例发病的时滞过程分析,输入性病例从输入到发病普遍存在间隔时间,且间隔时间为1~14 d的病例比重较高。③ 疫情风险存在明显的空间差异,各地疫情风险依据输入风险、易感风险以及抵御风险能力的不同而存在较大的差异。④ 广东省各地市与疫源区城市之间的联系程度、人口流动规模及其交通区位因素,显著影响省内疫情风险的分级。深圳、广州等一线城市是高风险区,东莞、佛山、惠州、珠海、中山等邻近深圳和广州的珠三角城市是中风险区,珠三角城市群外围的粤东西北地区是低风险区。应根据疫情潜在风险,制定基于分区分级的防控措施,促进局地精准防控与社会整体良性运转。  相似文献