基于污染足迹模型的湖州市农业污染评估     

李静  焦雯珺  闵庆文  李文华  赵军凯 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2022,13(1):93-99

太湖流域的水环境质量呈现严重恶化趋势,农业污染物的排放是太湖流域水体环境恶化的主要原因之一。农业污染物主要来源于种植业、畜禽养殖业和水产养殖业的生产过程,不同于以往分开论述三者对水环境的影响,本文基于全国第一次污染普查数据,运用污染足迹模型定量分析了湖州市农业面源(种植业、畜禽养殖业和水产养殖业)对水环境的影响。研究结果表明:(1)农业生产产生的污染物对水环境的影响排序为:磷>氮>有机物;(2)各农业生产类型对水环境的影响排序为:水产养殖业>种植业>畜禽养殖业;(3)湖州市各区县对水环境的影响也存在着明显的空间差异。通过对湖州市农业污染足迹评估,可以明确地提出哪种污染物类型、农业生产类型和区域是湖州市农业面源污染治理的重点。研究结果可以为太湖流域农业的可持续发展和水资源的可持续利用提供一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

The Unusual Absorption Line Spectrum of Quasar SDSS J2220+0109     

Ji Tuo  Zhou Hong-yan  Wang Ting-gui  Wang Hui-yuan 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2013

We report the Balmer broad absorption lines (BALs) in the quasar SDSS J2220 + 0109 discovered from the SDSS data, and present a detailed analysis of the peculiar absorption line spectrum, including the He I* multiplet at λλ3189, 3889 arising from the metastable 2³s-state helium and the Balmer Hα and Hβ lines from the excited hydrogen H I of n = 2 level, which are rarely seen in quasar spectra, as well as many absorption lines arising from the excited Fe II* of the levels 7 955 cm⁻¹, 13 474 cm⁻¹ and 13 673 cm⁻¹ in the wavelength range 3100∼3300 Å. Ca II H, K absorption line doublets also clearly appear in the SDSS spectrum. All absorption lines show a similar blueshifted velocity structure of Δv ≈ − 1500 ∼ 0 km·s⁻¹ relative to the quasar's systematic redshift determined from the emission lines. Detailed analysis suggests that the Balmer absorption lines should arise from the partially ionized region with a column density of N_HI ≈ 10²¹ cm⁻² for an electron density of ne ∼ 10⁶ cm⁻³; and that the hydrogen n = 2 level may be populated via collisional excitation with Lyα pumping.  相似文献   

中国地区边界层大气气溶胶辐射吸收特性   总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6  

黄世鸿  李子华  杨军 《高原气象》2000,19(4):487-494

采用粒子采样法对中国２３个地区边界层气溶胶的吸收系数作了测量,研究了其分布特征。结果表明：中国地区边界层气溶胶的吸收系数在１０＾－６－１０＾－３ｍ＾－１之间,明显呈北高南低的趋势,四川盆地和贵州有一相对较高的中心,吸收系数与粒子含量之间的相关系数为０．７４,吸收系数与粒子含量的分布一致性较好。小颗粒的吸收性能好于大颗粒。  相似文献   

地震波散射研究的新进展——第25届IASPEI大会S13专题报告会“地震波散射与衰减”简介          下载免费PDF全文

吴如山 《地球物理学报》1990,(3)

本文以IASPEI的“地震波的散射与衰减”专题报告会为主,评述了近几年在地震波散射方面的研究进展.述评所涉及的方面有:1.关于地震尾波的起源;2.大震前尾波包络的前兆性变化;3.地震尾波包络衰降的机理;4.区分散射和吸收的新方法;5.新领域的开拓和研究.  相似文献   

原子吸收分光光度计测定银的两种工作曲线拟合方式的研究     

张晶 《化工矿产地质》2016,(4):237-241

原子吸收工作曲线的两种拟合方式的研究,采用国家一级标准物质GBW07209(矿石中金和银成分分析标准物质)、GBW07255(GAg1)(银矿石中银成分分析标准物质)、GBW07256(GAg2)(银矿石中银成分分析标准物质)、GBW07305a(水系沉积物成分分析标准物质)、GBW07307a(水系沉积物成分分析标准物质)、GBW07311(水系沉积物成分分析标准物质)、GBW07405(土壤成分分析标准物质-黄红壤)进行实验,得出两种拟合方式的使用条件以及在实际工作中如何取舍的结论。  相似文献   

Spatial variability of phytoplankton absorption coefficients and pigments off Baja California during November 2002     

Óscar A. Barocio-León  Roberto Millán-Núñez  Eduardo Santamaría-del-Ángel  Adriana González-Silvera  Charles C. Trees 《Journal of Oceanography》2006,62(6):873-885

We have estimated the spatial variability of phytoplankton specific absorption coefficients (a* _ph ) in the water column of the California Current System during November 2002, taking into account the variability in pigment composition and phytoplankton community structure and size. Oligotrophic conditions (surface Chl < 0.2 mg m⁻³) dominated offshore, while mesotrophic conditions (surface Chl 0.2 to 2.0 mg m⁻³) where found inshore. The specific absorption coefficient at 440 [a* _ph (440)] ranged from 0.025–0.281 m²mg⁻¹ while at 675 nm [a* _ph (675)] it varied between 0.014 and 0.087 m²mg⁻¹. The implementation of a size index based on HPLC data showed the community structure was dominated by picoplankton. This would reduce the package effect in the variability of a* _ph (675). Normalized a _ph curves were classified in two groups according to their shape, separating all spectra with peaks between 440 and 550 nm as the second group. Most samples in the first group were from surface layers, while the second group were from the deep chlorophyll maximum or deeper. Accessory photoprotective pigments (APP) tended to decrease with depth and accessory photosynthetic pigments (APS) to increase, indicating the importance of photoprotective mechanisms in surface layers and adaptation to low light at depth. Samples with higher ratios of APP:APS (>0.4) were considered as phytoplankton adapted to high irradiances, and lower ratios (<0.26) as adapted to low irradiances. We found a good relationship between APP:APS and a* _ph (440) for the deeper layer (DCM and below), but no clear evidence of the factors causing the variability of a* _ph (440) in the upper layer.  相似文献   

Investigation of water signatures at gully-exposed sites on Mars by hyperspectral image analysis     

Chaojun Fan  Dirk Schulze-Makuch 《Planetary and Space Science》2009,57(1):93-104

High-resolution images from the Mars Obiter Camera (MOC) onboard the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) show a variety of gully features on sloped surfaces of Mars. The mechanism of gully formation is still under debate, although a majority of studies tend to favor a mechanism related to liquid water flow based on geomorphology and fluid mechanics considerations. In this study, we examined four known gully sites using Visible and Infrared Mineralogical Mapping Spectrometer (OMEGA) imagery. In particular, we analyzed the absorption depths of the water-associated absorption bands and concluded that there are stronger water signatures at the gully-exposed sites than in the surrounding areas. This implies that the water signatures, most likely representing water ice, isolated water molecules, and/or hydroxyl molecules incorporated into minerals, are still present in the shallow unconsolidated soils. This study provides additional evidence that water was likely involved in the formation of the gully features and is still locally active on the Martian surface in the present time.  相似文献   

Ecophysiology of atmospheric moisture in the Namib Desert     

Joh R. Henschel  Mary K. Seely   《Atmospheric Research》2008,87(3-4):362

Although the Namib Desert is classified as hyperarid, with rainfall extremely rare, there are several other sources of atmospheric moisture, namely, humidity, dew and fog, which make it possible for organisms to live there. Methods to use these sources include locating moist micro-climates, drinking from wet surfaces, consuming moist food, collecting water on the body, and absorbing water vapour. In describing these mechanisms from published sources, we highlight the work of Professor Gideon Louw, to whom we dedicate this paper. Louw's pioneering work on water relations and economy, which includes osmoregulation in desert plants and animals such as grass, beetles, and springbok, established a foundation that inspired numerous studies by colleagues and students. Ecophysiology provides many more lessons that have potential to be mimicked and applied in the occult collection of water in arid regions.  相似文献   

在线萃取－火焰原子吸收测定地质样品中的痕量金     

胡定煜  帅琴 《黄金地质》1995,(4)

利用流动注射在线萃取技术，以ＭＩＢＫ为萃取剂，用火焰原子吸收分析方法测定地质样品中的痕量金，取得了满意的效果。该法精密度好，无污染，操作简便，测定迅速，且样品不需分离。方法检出限Ａｕ为０．７８×１０－９，精密度为２．３０％。  相似文献   

Using a Large-Aperture Scintillometer to Measure Absorption and Refractive Index Fluctuations     

J. P. Nieveen  A. E. Green  W. Kohsiek 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1998,87(1):101-116

The contributions of refraction and absorption fluctuations to the measured scintillations are observed for a near-infrared absorption region using a NOAA designed large-aperture scintillometer. The logarithmic amplitude spectra are shown to decay with frequency as f^-8/3 for both the absorption and scattering mechanisms. For the absorption mechanism this is in line with similar observations made at microwave and infrared frequencies. However, for finite transmitting and receiving apertures, theory predicts a stronger decay of the scattering mechanism due to aperture averaging. The spectral shape is characterised by a region of low frequency absorption, higher frequency refraction and separated by a flattish transition zone. The upper observed corner frequency (f_C2) compares well with values calculated using the measured transverse windspeed (v) for a known aperture radius. The lower corner frequency (f_C1) position is shown to be sensitive to the ratio of the real and imaginary part of the refractive index structure parameter, (C _nR ² /C _nI ² )^3/8, and v. The part of the spectrum associated with the absorption scintillations is observed to be much less than that due to refraction through the day until evening, when decreasing C _nR ² causes C _nR ² /C _nI ² to decrease and absorption to become significant. If absorption is ignored, this may have consequences for calculating nocturnal surface fluxes. During unstable, daytime conditions the large aperture scintillometer is most sensitive to refractive scintillations despite having an infrared source transmitting in a lossy atmosphere. But also under these conditions, the low frequency absorption part of the spectrum is observable.  相似文献