A note on formulas for localized failure of frictional materials in compression and biaxial loading modes     

Matthias Lambrecht  Christian Miehe 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2001,25(10):955-971

The paper investigates aspects of the localization analysis of frictional materials. We derive closed formulas and diagrams for the inclination angle of critical discontinuity surfaces which develop in homogeneous compression and biaxial loading tests. The localization analysis is based on a Drucker–Prager‐type elastoplastic hardening model for non‐associated plastic flow at small strains, which we represent in spectral form. For this type of constitutive model, general analytical formulas for the so‐called critical hardening modulus and the inclination angle of critical discontinuity surfaces are derived for the plane strain case. The subsequent treatment then specializes these formulas for the analysis of compression and biaxial loading modes. The key contribution here is a detailed analysis of plane strain deformation modes where the localized failure occurs after subsequent plastic flow. The derived formulas and diagrams can be applied to the checking of an accompanying localization analysis of frictional materials in finite‐element computations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

精确提取非色散波的CT—谱估计方法     

夏克文  石健 《地球科学与环境学报》1993,(4)

本文从非色散谱性质出发,针对声波全波列测井数据处理相似处理法的缺点及非色散谱与信号的CT关系,导出CT—谱估计方法。实验结果表明:采用CICB算法的CT—谱估计法提取横波波这精度高达99％。  相似文献   

Structure of the Transkei Basin and Natal Valley, Southwest Indian Ocean, from seismic reflection and potential field data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Margaret Reznikov  Zvi Ben-Avraham  Chris Hartnady  Tina M. Niemi 《Tectonophysics》2005,397(1-2):127

Marine geophysical data from the southern Natal Valley and northern Transkei Basin, offshore southeast Africa, were used to study the structure of the crust and sedimentary cover in the area. The data includes seismic reflection, gravity and magnetics and provides information on the acoustic basement geometry (where available), features of the sedimentary cover and the basin's development. Previously mapped Mesozoic magnetic anomalies over a part of the basin are now recognized over wider areas of the basin. The ability to extend the correlation to the southeast within the Natal Valley further confirms an oceanic origin for this region and provides an opportunity to amplify the existing plate boundary reconstructions.The stratigraphic structure of the southern Natal Valley and the northern Transkei Basin reflects processes of the ocean crust formation and subsequent evolution. The highly variable relief of the acoustic basement may relate to the crust formation in the immediate vicinity of the continental transform margin. Renewed submarine seismicity and neotectonic activity in the area is probably related to the diffuse boundary between the Nubia and Somalia plates.2.5-D crustal models show that a 1.7–3.2-km-thick sediment sequence overlies a 6.3±1.2-km-thick normal oceanic crust in the deep southern Natal Valley and Transkei Basin. The oceanic crust in the study area is heterogeneous, made up of blocks of laterally varying remanent magnetization (0.5–3.5 A/m) and density (2850–2900 kg/m³). Strong modifications of accretionary processes near ridge/fracture zone intersections may be a reason of such heterogeneity.  相似文献   

Flow and turbulence structure across the ripple–dune transition: an experiment under mobile bed conditions     

ROBERT J. SCHINDLER  ANDRÉ ROBERT 《Sedimentology》2005,52(3):627-649

Current knowledge of flow and turbulent processes acting across the sand bed continuum is still unable to unequivocally explain the mechanism(s) by which ripples become dunes. Understanding has been improved by comparative high-resolution studies undertaken over fixed bedforms at different stages in the continuum. However, these studies both ignore the role of mobile sediment and do not examine flow structure during the actual transition from ripples to dunes. The aims of the paper are: (i) to describe flow and turbulence characteristics acting above mobile bedforms at several stages across the transition; and (ii) to compare these data with those arising from experiments over fixed ripples and dunes. Laboratory experiments are presented that examine the turbulence structure across seven distinct stages of the transition from ripples to dunes. Single-point acoustic Doppler velocimeter sampling at three flow heights above a developing mobile boundary was undertaken. Time-averaged statistics and the instantaneous quadrant record reveal distinct changes in flow structure either side of the change from ripples to dunes. Initially, shear-related, high-frequency vortex shedding dominates turbulence production. This increases until two-dimensional (2D) dunes have formed. Thereafter, turbulence intensities and Reynolds stress decline and three-dimensional dunes exhibit values found over 2D ripples. This is the result of shear layer dampening which occurs when the topographically-accelerated downstream velocity increases at a faster rate than flow depth. Activity at reattachment increases due to high velocity fluid imparting high mass and momentum transfer at the bed and/or wake flapping. Suspended sediment may also play a role in turbulence dampening and bed erosion. Ejections dominate over sweeps in terms of event frequency but not magnitude. Strong relationships between inward interactions and sweeps, and ejections and outward interactions, suggest that mass and momentum exchanges are dependent upon activity in all four quadrants. The results contradict the notion present in most physical models that larger bedforms exhibit most shear layer activity. Consequently an improved model for the ripple–dune transition is proposed.  相似文献   

斯通利波在碳酸盐岩储层解释中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孔祥荣 《新疆地质》2005,23(3):296-299

在塔河油田碳酸特岩裂缝性储层中，采用声波全波列测井及偶极横波测井来获取丰富信息，主要成分波有纵波、横波、斯通利波，主要采用时域和频域2种信启、提取方法，来获得声波时差、频率和能量信息．其能量衰减和能量值的大小可以反映地层渗透性能，斯通利波能量的相对变化可用来定性划分渗透层，反射波能量反映渗透性地层的裂缝分布，为划分渗透层提供了良好的条件．  相似文献   

基于GIS的云南普朗斑岩铜矿床三维成矿预测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王功文  郭远生  杜杨松  范玉华  郭欣  庞振山  陈建平 《矿床地质》2007,26(6):651-658

文章根据云南普朗斑岩铜矿床地质特征以及矿区72个见矿钻孔中8145个岩芯样品的铜含量分析数据,采用GIS空间分析技术和利用邻近距离统计分析方法,优化和提取了矿床定位预测所需点位的数据信息(包含三维空间坐标及其对应的铜含量数值)。在此基础上,选用反距离权重内插法,在比例尺1:10000的尺度上,确定了该矿区铜元素在海拔3171～4319m不同高度的空间分布状况,并利用3D-GIS的规则六面体成像技术和邻近采样点插值法,建立了该铜矿床含矿岩体(铜含量不小于0.2%)和铜矿体(铜含量不小于0.3%)的三维模型,确定含矿岩体和铜矿体的形态为"锥状体"。最后,在综合分析云南普朗铜矿床特征及其保存条件和剥蚀状况以及钻探资料和矿床三维空间特征的基础上,确定矿床的南西侧具有较好的找矿潜力,认为矿床的东、北两侧深部是有利的成矿远景区。  相似文献   

Correlations between the in situ acoustic properties and geotechnical parameters of sediments in the Yellow Sea,China     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2013

Knowledge about the marine sediment acoustic properties is a key to understanding wave propagation in sediments and is very important for military oceanography and ocean engineering. We developed a hydraulic-drived self-contained in situ sediment acoustic measurement system, and measured for the first time the in situ acoustic properties of sediments on 78 stations in the Yellow Sea, China, by employing this system. The relationships between the in situ measured acoustic properties and the onboard or laboratory determined geotechnical parameters were analyzed. Porosity was found to be the dominant factor in reducing velocity in a quadratic fashion; velocity showed an increment with bulk density and a decrement with mean grain size and clay content both with a nonlinear dependence; acoustic attenuation showed a bell-shaped correlation with porosity and mean grain size but reduced with clay content of the sediments. The attenuation results indicate that intergrain friction rather than viscous interactions between pore fluid and solid grains is the dominant loss mechanism in our marine sediments. The relationships established would be used to predict the geotechnical parameters from in situ measured acoustic properties and vice versa, as well as being an indicator of the seafloor processes, potential gas bubbles hazard and gas hydrates resources or other suitable targets of acoustic surveys.  相似文献   

梯度塑性理论及其在地质灾害预测研究中的应用     

王学滨  唐巨鹏  潘一山 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2004,15(2):53-58,43

岩石结构稳定性问题是岩土工程实践中迫切需要解决的重要课题之一。文章以地震为例，讨论了地质灾害的局部化特征，介绍了经典弹、塑性理论的某些缺陷及梯度塑性理论的几点优越性：(1)控制方程总是适定的；(2)病态网格依赖性消失；(3)局部化带宽度由材料的内部长度完全确定；(4)可对岩石结构的尺寸效应及失稳回跳进行合理解释和预测；(5)对预测宏观及微观问题均比较有效。介绍了基于梯度塑性理论的岩石变形、破坏及稳定性研究进展。梯度塑性理论可用于研究单轴压缩条件下，岩石试件发生剪切破坏时全程应力一应变曲线、尺寸效应、剪切带倾角尺寸效应及失稳回跳等问题。它们对土木工程及岩土工程均十分重要。若将单轴压缩岩样比拟为矿柱，则该失稳判据即为矿柱岩爆准则。梯度塑性理论可用于研究韧性断层带内部应变、应变率分布规律、断层带错动位移及带内孔隙度分布规律，为韧性断层带定量分析提供了新的手段。此外，该理论还可对直剪试验机——岩样系统不稳定性进行分析，系统失稳可比拟为断层岩爆。发展基于梯度塑性理论尺度律及失稳判据等解析解一方面可加深对岩石变形、破坏的理解；另一方面。还可用来检验数值结果的正确性。  相似文献   

雷歌源头及传播原点探析     

杨励轩 《广东海洋大学学报》2014,(2):49-53

在雷州半岛民系结构变迁史与我国悠久而顽强的民歌传统等众多因素作用下,闽南民歌获得落地三雷的历史机遇,并随着雷话的生成及扩张进而本土化生成富有本土气息的雷歌,获得当地民众的文化认可,成为雷州文化重要构成之一。  相似文献   

用于声波方程数值模拟的时间-空间域有限差分系数确定新方法   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

梁文全  杨长春  王彦飞  刘红伟 《地球物理学报》2013,56(10):3497-3506

声波方程数值模拟已广泛应用于理论地震计算,同时构成了地震逆时偏移成像技术的基础.对于有限差分法而言,在满足一定的稳定性条件时,普遍存在着因网格化而形成的数值频散效应.如何有效地缓解或压制数值频散是有限差分方法研究的关键所在.为精确求解空间偏导数,相继发展了高阶差分格式优化方法和伪谱方法.近期,为更好地缓解数值频散,提出了时间-空间域有限差分方法,该方法采用了泰勒展开近似方法来确定有限差分格式系数,因而只能保证在一定的小范围内很好的拟合波场传播规律.为进一步压制数值频散效应,本文引入了时间-空间域特定波数点满足频散关系的方法,根据震源、波速和网格间距确定波数范围,同时考虑了多个传播角度,然后建立方程确定了相应的有限差分格式系数,使得差分系数能在更大范围符合波场传播规律.通过频散分析和正演模拟,验证了本文方法的有效性.  相似文献