Tackling social exclusion in European neighbourhoods: experiences and lessons from the NEHOM project     

Anneli Kährik 《GeoJournal》2006,67(1):9-25

Disadvantaged urban neighbourhoods with their complex social, economic and physical situations have increasingly become the focus of governmental policies in the EU. The emphasis has shifted from improving physical qualities to building opportunities for social groups in these areas. While physical upgrade is easier to achieve, at least in the short run, initiatives often fail in outcomes on communities and local participation. This paper aims to improve understanding on how to tackle area-based social exclusion and create socially coherent communities. Building on the results of the NEHOM project, the focus is on examining how various interventions have impacted local communities and their opportunities for better inclusion. A comparison between neighbourhoods shows that mixing social groups to a certain degree is likely to be a necessary step towards opening long-term opportunities for a disadvantaged neighbourhood. The planned initiatives should at the same time directly benefit local communities, and the involvement of local groups in the planning and implementation process helps to guarantee that the overall changes are accepted by the local community. However, the proposed guidelines do not provide a universal recipe for a successful renewal suiting each neighbourhood—the contextual matters should always be a starting point when planning an initiative.  相似文献   

Geodynamic significance of granitoid magmatism in the southeast Anatolian orogen: geochemical and geochronogical evidence from Göksun–Afşin (Kahramanmaraş, Turkey) region     

Osman Parlak 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2006,95(4):609-627

In southeast Anatolia, there are number of tectonomagmatic units in the Kahramanmaraş–Malatya–Elazığ region that are important in understanding the geological evolution of the southeast Anatolian orogenic belt during the Late Cretaceous. These are (a) metamorphic massifs, (b) ophiolites, (c) ophiolite-related metamorphics and (d) granitoids. The granitoids (i.e. Göksun–Afşin in Kahramanmaraş, Doğanşehir in Malatya and Baskil in Elazığ) intrude all the former units in a NE–SW trending direction. The granitoid in Göksun–Afşin (Kahramanmaraş) region is mainly composed of granodioritic and granitic in composition. The granodiorite contains a number of amphibole-bearing mafic microgranular enclaves of different sizes, whereas the granite is intruded by numerous aplitic dikes. The granitoid rocks have typical calcalkaline geochemical features. The REE- and Ocean ridge granite-normalized multi-element patterns and tectonomagmatic discrimination diagrams, as well as biotite geochemistry suggest that the granitoids were formed in a volcanic arc setting. The K–Ar geochronology of the granitoid rocks yielded ages ranging from 85.76±3.17 to 77.49±1.91 Ma. The field, geochemical and geochronological data suggest the following Late Cretaceous tectonomagmatic scenario for southeast Anatolia. The ophiolites were formed in a suprasubduction zone tectonic setting whereas the ophiolite-related metamorphic rocks formed either during the initiation of intraoceanic subduction or late-thrusting (∼90 Ma). These units were then overthrust by the Malatya–Keban platform during the progressive elimination of the southern Neotethys. Thrusting of the Malatya–Keban platform over the ophiolites and related metamorphic rocks was followed by the intrusion of the granitoids (88–85 Ma) along the Tauride active continental margin in the southern Neotethys.  相似文献   

东南沿海地震活动特征量     

周峥嵘  林树  鲍挺 《福建地震》2006,(Z2)

1970年以来,东南沿海地区经历了上世纪末以来明显的第Ⅴ活跃幕(或轮回)平静和活跃时段,本文通过分析研究这两个时段地震活动在时空强上的差异性,定量提取其活动演化过程参量,为该区未来地震活动期判定提供相对定量的参考依据。  相似文献   

基于高光谱卫星遥感数据的UPDM分析方法     

张立福  张良培  村松加奈子  藤原昇 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2005,30(3):264-268

提出了一种用于处理多高光谱卫星数据的UPDM分析方法。研究结果证明．该方法应用干Landsat／TM(ETM^-)、Terra／MODIS和ADEOS—II／GLI等高光谱卫星传感器时．光谱重构均方根误差小于0．029适用于研究高光谱卫星遥感数据。  相似文献   

冈底斯地区林子宗群火山岩岩石地球化学特征及地球动力学意义   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

贾建称温长顺  王根厚高春光 杨国东 《中国地质》2005,32(3):396-404

错卧莫-惩香错火山-沉积盆地位于西藏冈底斯陆块中部南缘。盆地内火山-沉积地层称古新世-渐新世林子宗群，岩石地球化学数据分析表明：这套火山岩系属钙碱性系列，轻稀土富集，不同程度表现出负Eu、负Ce、负Nb异常。微量元素K、Rb、Th、Ce富集，Sr、Ba，尤其是Nb、P、Ti亏损。初步认为这套火山-沉积岩系形成于俯冲造弧的构造背景中，是来自于俯冲带的地幔源区基性分异岩浆与陆壳重熔的酸性岩浆在不同的时间段内，按不同的比例混合形成的。同时，俯冲板块上深海沉积物与基性岩浆混合作用也是不容忽视的因素。在综合分析基础上，笔者认为印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞启动时间在45Ma以后。  相似文献   

Analysis and simulation of magma mixing processes in 3D   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

D. Perugini  G. Poli  G. D. Gatta 《Lithos》2002,65(3-4):313-330

Magma mixing structures from the lava flow of Lesbos (Greece) are analyzed in three dimensions using a technique that, starting from the serial sections of rock cubes, allows the reconstruction of the spatial distribution of magmas inside rocks. Two main kinds of coexisting structures are observed: (i) “active regions” (AR) in which magmas mix intimately generating wide contact surfaces and (ii) “coherent regions” (CR) of more mafic magma that have a globular shape and do not show large deformations. The intensity of mingling is quantified by calculating both the interfacial area (IA) between interacting magmas and the fractal dimension of the reconstructed structures. Results show that the fractal dimension is linearly correlated with the logarithm of interfacial area allowing discrimination among different intensities of mingling.

The process of mingling of magmas is simulated using a three-dimensional chaotic dynamical system consisting of stretching and folding processes. The intensity of mingling is measured by calculating the interfacial area between interacting magmas and the fractal dimension, as for natural magma mixing structures. Results suggest that, as in the natural case, the fractal dimension is linearly correlated with the logarithm of the interfacial area allowing to conclude that magma mixing can be regarded as a chaotic process.

Since chemical exchange and physical dispersion of one magma inside another by stretching and folding are closely related, we performed coupled numerical simulations of chaotic advection and chemical diffusion in three dimensions. Our analysis reveals the occurrence in the same system of “active mixing regions” and “coherent regions” analogous to those observed in nature. We will show that the dynamic processes are able to generate magmas with wide spatial heterogeneity related to the occurrence of magmatic enclaves inside host rocks in both plutonic and volcanic environments.  相似文献   

辽宁城市活断层探测思路与方法探讨     

高常波  吴小兵  万波  钟以章 《东北地震研究》2002,18(4):1-6

介绍了开展地震活断层探测的意义及在辽宁省开展地震活断层探测的必要性，对在辽宁城市开展活断层探测的基本思路和方法进行了探讨，选取沈阳，抚顺作为试点城市，设定目标区和目标断裂，分别对活断层危险性，危害性和深部发震构造环境进行评价。在断裂探测过程中，确定初步探测和详细探测两个阶段，主要采用人工地震方法并结合钻探，地震划分结果，对目标区内的目标断裂进行评价。  相似文献   

山东海阳断裂东石兰沟段晚更新世以来地表断错特征与最大潜在地震估计   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

周本刚  冉勇康  环文林  冉洪流 《地震地质》2002,24(2):159-166

海阳断裂是胶东半岛NE向牟平 -即墨断裂带东部一条规模较大的断裂 ,尽管晚更新世以来该断裂的地表断错活动总体上已基本停息 ,但东石兰沟段在晚更新世晚期以来仍有断错地表的活动。最后一次断错地表的活动发生在距今 3 7～ 1 2万年 ,但接近 1 2万年。地表破裂长度约6 5km ,活动段长度 8km。地表断错以走滑活动为主 ,可见最大倾滑位移 0 2m ;根据断层擦痕侧伏角推测最大水平位移 1 13m。最后一次断错地表的活动若以距今 1 2万年计算 ,则最大平均倾滑速率为 0 0 17mm/a ;最大平均右旋走滑速率为 0 0 94mm/a。野外观测到该活动段的断错活动表现为突发断错 ,根据地震地表破裂参数、活动段长度与地震的关系 ,估计其最大潜在地震为 6 级  相似文献   

山东月湖的沉积物分布特征及搬运趋势   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

薛允传  贾建军  高抒 《地理研究》2002,21(6):707-714

1998年 11～ 12月和 1999年 8～ 9月各一个月对月湖进行的野外工作 ,共取得表层沉积物样品 131个 ,应用激光粒度仪并结合传统的筛分法对这些样品进行粒度分析 ,进行矩法计算获得粒度参数。采用Gao命名方法 ,将沉积物划分出 5种主要类型。利用Gao -Collins粒径趋势分析模型 ,计算该区沉积物粒径趋势所显示的沉积物净搬运方向 ,结果表明 ,沉积物从四周向湖中心搬运 ,同时显示湾顶的西部和北部、涨潮三角洲以及湖心等地貌单元是沉积的优势区域。  相似文献   

Comparison of Earth-tide parameters over a large latitude difference     

D. Arabelos 《Geophysical Journal International》2002,151(3):950-956

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