海洋生物监测新技术探索:幼虫变态实验     

吴荣军  张学雷  郑家声  朱明远 《海洋科学进展》2002,20(1):66-71

回顾了近年来海洋环境污染生物监测中的海洋底栖无脊椎动物早期发育和变态阶段的毒性实验的研究进展 ,强调应根据敏感性和代表性水平来选取生物有机体进行生物毒性实验 ,并探讨了运用幼虫变态实验来进行海洋污染监测的可行性  相似文献   

三唑磷对四种水生生物的毒性及安全评价研究   总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21  

周常义  池信才  黄成  陈维权  严重玲 《台湾海峡》2003,22(3):319-324

本文研究了三唑磷对小球藻、卤虫、南美白对虾、泥蚶四种水生生物的急性毒性作用，结果显示，三唑磷对小球藻的48h的EC50为24μg/dm^3,72h的EC50为15μg/km^3；对卤虫的24hLC50为1．64mg／dm^3，48hLC50为0．8mg／dm^3；对南美白对虾仔虾的48hLG0为3．2μg／dm^3，96hLC50为1．1μg/dm^3。；对泥蚶的48hLC50为21．0mg／dm^3，96hLC50为10．2mg／dm^3。三唑磷对小球藻、卤虫、南美白对虾为高毒农药，泥蚶对三唑磷有很强的耐受力。  相似文献   

铜、锌、铅、镉对海洋浮游藻的毒性效应     

宁征  孙秉一  史致丽  郝恩良 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1990,(4)

研究了Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd四种重金属离子活度对牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)、球等边金藻(Isochrysis galbana)、叉边金藻(Dirateria inornate)的毒性效应。藻对重金属的响应曲线包括平台区、阈值、半数效应值、零增长值。对于Cu,三种藻的阈值分别为p~aCu=8.5,p~aCu=8.7,p~aCu=8.9。三种藻的零增长值分别为p~aCu=7.0,p~aCu=7.1,p~aCu=7.3。对于Zn,三种藻的阈值分别为p~aZn=8.0,p~aZn=8.5,p~aZn=9.5。两种藻的零增长值分别为p~aZn=6.3,p~aZn=6.9。对于Pb,二种藻的阈值分别为p~aPb=10.8,p~aPb=9.5:一种藻的零生长值在p~aPb=8.2。对于Cd,三种藻的阈值分别为p~aCd=8.9,p~aCd=10.3,p~aCd=10.5。两种藻的零增长值出现在p~aCd=8.1和p~aCd=8.4。对于牟氏角毛藻,四种重金属的毒性强弱顺序为Pb>Cd>Zn>Cu。对于叉边金藻的毒性顺序为Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn。对于等边金藻的顺序为Cd>Cu>Zn>Pb。  相似文献   

Ecosystem models of Scottish sea lochs for assessing the impact of nutrient enrichment   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ross  A. H.; Gurney  W. S. C.; Heath  M. R. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1993,50(4):359-367

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Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺对凡纳滨对虾仔虾生存的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

周凯  来琦芳  王慧  黄宁宇  么宗利 《海洋科学》2007,31(7):4-7

采用静态急性毒性试验的方法,研究了48h内水质中不同的Ca2 、Mg2 浓度及Ca2 /Mg2 值对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)仔虾存活的影响。结果表明,适宜凡纳滨对虾仔虾生存的Ca2 、Mg2 质量浓度分别为30.41～351mg/L和8.72～863mg/L;最适Ca2 /Mg2 值范围为0.15～0.67。  相似文献   

铜对三角褐指藻(Phacodactylum tricornutum)的毒性     

孙秉一  史致丽  崔红 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1990,(4)

研究了铜对近岸海水中三角褐指藻的毒性。铜离子活度(a_(cu))的阈值为10~(-9.1)mol/dm~3,此时藻的单位生长率(μ)不受a_(cu)影响;acu使μ降至零时为10~(-7.0)mol/dm~372小时EC_(50)值约为10~(-7.4)mol/dm~3。得出μ与a_(cu)间的线性关系,a_(cu)的范围由阈值至刚大于零生长率所对应的a_(cu)值,可通过线性关系式得出。  相似文献   

几种重金属对梭鱼的急性致毒及梭鱼回避反应的试验研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

侯兰英  赵鸿儒  吴玉霖 《海洋与湖沼》1993,24(5):507-510

分别于１９８６和１９８７年研究了Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ对梭鱼的急性致毒效应及梭鱼对Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ，Ｃｒ的回避反应。结果表明，Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ对梭鱼均有明显的毒性，其毒性的大小顺序为Ｃｕ＞Ｚｎ＞Ｃｄ。梭鱼对Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｄ有显著的回避反应，其回避率大小顺序Ｃｕ＞Ｚｎ＞Ｃｄ；梭鱼对Ｃｒ无明显的回避反应，即使Ｃｒ浓度高达１００ｍｇ／Ｌ。  相似文献   

Responses of the chaetognath, Sagitta elegans, and larval Pacific hake, Merluccius productus, to spring diatom and copepod blooms in a temperate fjord (Dabob Bay, Washington)     

Julia H. Fulmer  Stephen M. Bollens   《Progress in Oceanography》2005,67(3-4):442

As part of a broader field study examining the potentially deleterious effects of diatoms on planktonic food webs, we examined the abundance, stage composition, diet, and feeding success of the chaetognath, Sagitta elegans, and the abundance and morphometric condition of larval Pacific hake, Merluccius productus. Our objective was to look for a relationship between spring phytoplankton blooms and planktonic predators, as mediated by their copepod prey, with special reference to possible deleterious effects of diatoms. Zooplankton were collected weekly during February–May and in mid-summer of 2002 and 2003 in Dabob Bay, Washington State, USA. S. elegans abundance was high in summer of both years and was higher in spring 2003 than spring 2002. Larval chaetognaths dominated the population in early spring and remained present throughout sampling. S. elegans consumed mostly copepods. The abundance of larval S. elegans was correlated with the abundance of copepodites, although no relationship between chaetognath feeding success and prey abundance was found. Larval Pacific hake abundance was high (1200 larvae per square meter) in late February and early March of 2002 and 2003 and decreased rapidly in late spring. The morphometric condition of M. productus was not significantly related to copepod abundance. These results indicate that any deleterious effects of diatoms on copepod abundance, at the scale seen during spring 2002 and 2003 in Dabob Bay, did not greatly affect the next higher trophic level.  相似文献   

氟化物对紫露草(Tradescantia paludosa)的诱变作用     

陈登勤  姚士晶 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1993,(3)

用紫露草微核技术,检测几种氟化物的微核(MCN)效应。指出氟化物有损伤染色体的作用,环境中的氟污染既引起一般公认的牙釉病和氟骨病,还有损伤染色体的遗传毒性。  相似文献   

Laboratory-scale evaluation of the potential of chemical containment for farmed abalone larval escapees     

A Roux  H Lambrechts 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(2):275-278

The sensitivity of abalone Haliotis midae larvae to low levels of toxicants was used to conduct a laboratoryscale experiment to determine the possibility of using chemical containment to prevent the escape of larvae from land-based culture systems, thereby reducing the environmental impact of farming operations. The cryoprotective agent, dimethyl sulphoxide or DMSO (Me₂SO), was used as a toxicant and embryos were exposed to increasing concentrations (0–25.60 mol l^–1) of DMSO for a period of 24 hours. Hatch-out rates of the control group (0.0% DMSO) did not differ from those obtained at 0.2% (2.56 mol l^–1) and 0.4% (5.12 mol l^–1) DMSO. An exposure level at and above 0.6% DMSO resulted in a significant decrease in the number of normal larvae. At an exposure concentration of 0.6% (7.68 mol l^–1) DMSO, 65% (SE 3.0) of the fertilised eggs hatched, compared to only 10% (SE 2.0) at a concentration of 1.0% (12.80 mol l^–1) DMSO. This study indicates the potential for use of DMSO as a form of chemical containment of abalone larvae, even at very low doses. It presents South African abalone farms with a chemical containment method that could potentially be used to prevent the unintentional escape of H. midae larvae from land-based operations.  相似文献