BIOCONCENTRATION OF TETRACHLOROBENZENE IN MARINE ALGAE     

王修林  马延军  程刚  郁纬军  张力军 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1997,15(3):193-198

INTRODUCTIONChlrinatal~arewidelyedinindusnyandhouseholds,andsoisofsboi-ficantenviID~lcom,hauseitisoftenndaswaste.contributingtothepoilutantsinalltyPesofwater(Afghanetal.,l979).AlthoughsornedataontoxidtyandbioconnitionofchiorinatalboinaquaticorganismSwerepublishedopbasetal.,l987,LohnerCtal.,l987,Maunot,l987,Kuhnctal.,l99O),thebioCOntritionpotritinlparade,indudingk,,k,andBCF,werenotdetenninWelldriusethernehodsford~ngtheparaIneterswereleSsthanaccurate(Wangetal.,l996).Thepresentstudyab…  相似文献   

5种除草剂对白鲢鱼种急性毒性试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈家长  胡庚东  瞿建宏 《广东海洋大学学报》2005,25(4):35-38

以白鲢(Hypophthalmicthysmolitris)为实验材料,研究常用除草剂对鱼类的毒性效应。结果表明:采用直线回归法求得的96hLC50值分别为:2,4_D丁酯0.185mg/L,可信限0.138~0.247mg/L;丁草胺0.080mg/L,可信限0.067~0.097mg/L;使它隆3.80mg/L,可信限2.68~5.40mg/L;艾割18.60mg/L,可信限14.80~23.32mg/L;嗪草酮108.80mg/L,可信限91.46~129.72mg/L。对鱼类安全浓度分别为0.019mg/L,0.38mg/L,0.008mg/L,1.86mg/Land10.88mg/L。  相似文献   

Acute Toxicity of Formalin to the Red-tide Dinoflageilate Prorocentrum minimum Schiller （Protozoa, Mastigophora）     

XUHenglong SONGWeibo ZHUMingzhuang QIUYantao MAHonggang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(1):89-92

The acute toxic levels of formalin to a marine red-tide dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum Schiller (Mastigophora, Dinoflagellida) were determined by linear regression analysis. The data obtained revealed that there is a close regression relationship between logarithmic concentrations of formalin and mortality probit scales of the organism when exposure times are 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 h. The median lethal concentrations (LC50 values) obtained from correlation analysis for these exposure times (with 95% confidence intervals), were 11.83, 6.76, 4.37, 4.27 and 3.98mgL^-1 respectively. A toxicity curve was obtained to connect the exposure time and LC50 value from the correlation between them. The results indicated that P. minimum could be killed or fixed by formalin in the concentration range of 4-12mgL^-1 within 1-24h.  相似文献   

自然环境下虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)体内麻痹性贝毒的净化研究     

宋涛  刘磊  宋晓萍  梁玉波  庄国宏 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(12):170-174

为探究在自然环境中虾夷扇贝Patinopecten yessoensis体内麻痹性贝毒(PSTs)的净化过程,从黄海北部大窑湾海域采集了受PSTs污染的虾夷扇贝,将其转移至黄海的棋盘磨水域,该水域未曾有PSTs污染的报道。本研究采用高效液相色谱-荧光检测法(HPLC-FLD)检测30天净化过程中虾夷扇贝体内PSTs的组分和水平。研究结果发现,在第9天,虾夷扇贝软体中的PSTs的含量下降到一个相对较低的水平。而且,初期扇贝体内PSTs的净化率高于后期。扇贝各组织器官中PSTs含量分析发现,消化腺中的PSTs含量最高,这对于人类健康和扇贝养殖具有重要的意义。在本研究中还发现,虾夷扇贝的死亡率与PSTs的水平有一定的关系。  相似文献   

四溴双酚A对7种海洋微藻的急性毒性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邓结平  李赟  潘鲁青 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,45(2):54-59

本文研究了四溴双酚A(TBBPA)对7种海洋微藻(微拟球藻、塔胞藻、亚心形扁藻、牟氏角毛藻、三角褐指藻、湛江等鞭金藻、等鞭金藻塔溪堤品系)的急性毒性。分析了不同质量浓度TBBPA暴露下7种微藻的相对生长率、抑制率,结果显示,7种海洋微藻对TBBPA的敏感性不同,存在明显的时间—剂量效应。采用概率单位—浓度对数法得到TBBPA对牟氏角毛藻、微拟球藻、等鞭金藻塔溪堤品系、湛江等鞭金藻、塔胞藻的96h半效应浓度分别为2.59、2.64、4.23、4.35和6.71mg·L-1,均属于高毒性。同时发现牟氏角毛藻在2.44mg·L-1的TBBPA作用下96h抑制率为54.72%,微拟球藻在3.456mg·L-1的TBBPA作用下96h抑制率为70.27%,等鞭金藻塔溪堤品系在6mg·L-1的TBBPA作用下96h抑制率为76.64%,湛江等鞭金藻在2.83mg·L-1的TBBPA作用下96h抑制率为39.24%,塔胞藻在9.83mg·L-1的TBBPA作用下96h抑制率为54.21%,三角褐指藻在浓度为9.83mg·L-1的TBBPA作用下96h抑制率为22.84%,亚心形扁藻在浓度14.6mg·L-1的TBBPA作用下96h抑制率仅为14.11%。结果显示,微拟球藻和牟氏角毛藻对TBBPA最敏感,可以作为潜在的生物指示物。  相似文献   

A Model Describing the Time Course and Variability in Toxicity of Hydrophobic Chemicals to Aquatic Organisms-Toxicity of chlorinated benzenes to marine algae     

Wang Xiulin  SHAN Baotian  GE Ming  ZHANG Lei  Zhu Chenjian  Han Xiurong 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2002,1(1)

The growth of Chlorella marine, Nannochloris oculate, Pyramimonaos sp., Platymonas subcordiformis and Phaeodactylum tricornutum exposed to chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrachlorobenzene and pentachlorobenzene was tested. The Boltzman equation was used to describe organism growth. The time course for uptake of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) by aquatic organisms was expressed by incorporating growth and, if desired, the effect of metabolism into the HOC bioconcentration process. The probability of any given concentration of HOCs in the organisms causing a specified toxic endpoint was expressed with a modified Weibull distribution function. The combined bioconcentration and probability equations were tested with data for time course of incubation of algae exposed to chlorinated benzenes (CBs). A set of parameters, including the uptake rate constant k1, the elimination rate constant k2 and thereafter the bioconcentration factor on a dry weight basis, BCFD, the critical HOC concentration in the organism resulting in a specified toxic endpoint, C*A, and the spread factor, S, could be obtained by fitting only experimental data for percent growth inhibition(%)-time-CB exposure concentration. The average coefficients of variation within CBs were 15.2% for BCFD, 21.0%for k1, 18.3% for k2, 8.1% for C*A and 9.7% for S. The variability in toxicity (such as EC10, EC50, ECg0) derived from the model equations agreed well with those experimentally observed.  相似文献   

Comparison of toxicity between populations of Gonyaulax tamarensis of eastern North American waters     

Lucie Maranda  Donald M. Anderson  Yuzuru Shimizu 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,21(3):401-410

Isolates of the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax tamarensis were established from benthic cysts or motile cells collected along the north-western Atlantic coast from the Bay of Fundy to Long Island. All clones were grown under the same conditions and assayed in a blind test for toxin content and composition. Differences in toxin content (μmouse unit per cell) spanning two orders of magnitude were found, with decreasing toxicity from north to south. Some isolates had undetectable toxin levels. The low toxicity of southern strains of G. tamarensis may explain the historical absence of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in areas where cysts and motile cells have been reported. The cause of the observed geographic pattern is unknown, but is does suggest that there may be an environmentally-determined southern limit to the regional PSP problem.Qualitative data on the toxin composition of some clones indicate that saxitoxin, neosaxitoxin and gonyautoxins -II, -III and -IV are generally present. A more quantitative approach (i.e. one which examines each isolate for all of the 12 Gonyaulax toxins) is needed to fully utilize the potential of toxin composition in discriminating between strains.  相似文献   

Sexual and other differences in Copepodite stages of some New Zealand Calamoecia and Boeckella SPP. (Copepoda: Calanoida)     

M. Ann Chapman  Carolyn W. Burns 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):131-137

Differences between males and females in the morphology of the fifth legs were found in stage IV copepodites of Boeckella hamata and in stage V cope‐podites of B. hamata, B. propinqua, B. dilatata, B. triarticulata, and Calamoecia lucasi. There were also sexual differences in overall body size. In B. hamata, B. triarticulata, and B. dilatata, the differences were sufficiently obvious for stage V copepodites to be sexed at low magnifications. The diagnostic features of all stages are described.  相似文献   

近海污染物对海洋浮游植物生长及生化组成影响的比较研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘凤娇  李顺兴  郑凤英  黄旭光  李艳彩  宋钰  吴衍  陈妹贞 《海洋科学》2014,38(5):66-71

威氏海链藻(Thalassiosira weissflogii)属沿海中心硅藻纲,是海洋硅藻的模式种之一。实验探讨氮营养盐(硝酸盐,N,c(N)分别为8.0,16.0,32.0,64.0μmol/L)、石油烃(0号柴油分散液,WAFs,c(WAFs)分别为0,0.1,0.5,1.0,5.0 mg/L)、抗生素(土霉素,c(OTC)分别为,0,1.0,3.0,5.0,10.0 mg/L)等3类近海常见污染物对威氏海链藻细胞生长及生化组成的影响。结果表明,3类近海常见污染物对藻生长(即藻细胞密度)、叶绿素a合成、蛋白质生成、藻细胞抗氧化能力(即超氧化物歧化酶活性)、脂质过氧化(即丙二醛含量)的影响程度分别为WAFsNOTC、NOTCWAFs、NWAFsOTC、WAFsNOTC、OTCNWAFs;影响程度的差异,揭示了近海各污染物的毒性作用机制及靶位不同。  相似文献   

Toxicity assessment of metals in sediment from the lower reaches of the Haihe River Basin in China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Si-yu ZENG  Xin DONG  Ji-ning CHEN 《国际泥沙研究》2013,28(2):172-181

The aqueous environmental quality of the Haihe River Basin is crucial for the ecological health of local catchments and the Bohai Sea. For the routine management neglected sediment tests and no legitimate tool supported the toxicity evaluation yet, one supplementary monitoring was implemented to examine the occurrence and toxic level of sediment metals in the lower reaches of the Haihe River Basin in 2009. Both world-widely used consensus-based sediment quality guidelines and China's environmental quality standard for soils (EQSS) were used as assessment tools. Cu, Zn, As, Hg, Cd, and Pb were detected in all 24 samples, while Cr was detected in 18 samples. Assessment results showed 9 samples were toxic and the most dominant toxic element was As. Although the river water quality is getting better, sediment metals have accumulated over thirty years due to continuous industrial development, with toxicity far beyond safety limitations. The highest toxicity levels were encountered in Binhai New Area, suggesting three rivers should be given priority for restoration. It is found that EQSS is also applicable for sediment toxicity assessment until a dedicated tool for Haihe River Basin is available, except for that EQSS is too conservative for Pb.  相似文献