不同人为源排放清单对大气污染物浓度数值模拟的影响:以浙江省为例     

于燕  廖礼  崔雪东  陈锋 《气候与环境研究》2017,22(5):519-537

应用大气化学模式WRF-Chem(Weather Research and Forecast-Chemistry),分别选用亚洲排放源清单INTEX-B(Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-Phase B)、REASv2.1(Regional Emission inventory in Asia version 2.1)以及全球排放源清单HTAP_v2(Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution version 2),对浙江省2013年12月进行模拟,分别记为IN、RE和HT试验,研究人为源排放清单对大气污染物浓度数值模拟的影响。结果表明,3组试验合理的反映出PM2.5(空气动力学当量直径小于等于2.5μm的颗粒物,即细颗粒物)、PM10(空气动力学当量直径小于等于10μm的颗粒物,即可吸入颗粒物)和NO_2近地面浓度的时空分布特征,相关系数为0.5~0.8,85%以上的模拟值落在观测值的0.5~2倍范围内,但对SO_2近地面浓度模拟较差。IN、RE、HT试验对PM2.5和PM10的模拟偏差均成递减趋势,约为30%、16%和6%,HT试验的模拟值更加接近观测。INTEX-B清单中PM2.5的一次排放与二次气溶胶前提物SO_2均高于REAS与HTAP清单,因此会导致更多的硫酸盐生成,从而进一步增加PM2.5浓度。HTAP_v2清单中较低的NH3排放会抑制硝酸盐的生成,从而有助于降低PM2.5浓度。3个清单的基准年与模拟年的差异对SO_2浓度模拟的准确性影响更大,INTEX-B清单中SO_2排放量明显高于REASv2.1与HTAP_v2清单,尤其在浙北和沿海工业发达地区,导致IN试验模拟的SO_2在这些地区存在明显高估。3组试验模拟的NO_2浓度偏差最小且更为接近(-8%~4%),主要原因是3个清单在浙江省的NOx排放十分一致。从3组试验结果之间的差异程度来看,浙江省范围内PM2.5、PM10、SO_2和NO_2逐日浓度模拟值之间的平均差异程度分别约为14%、15%、51%和16%,最大差异程度分别为69%、78%、137%和132%。月均浓度与逐日浓度的平均差异程度基本一致,但最大差异程度明显更低。总体来看3组试验模拟的PM2.5、PM10与NO_2的差异程度明显低于SO_2。  相似文献   

Where do planes fly past overhead? Determining departure and arrival routes from radar traces     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2017

This paper questions the main techniques of mapping in the context of aircraft noise in the vicinity of airports, and compares these techniques in terms of their purpose, benefits and limitations. Then the paper describes a method to summarise radar traces of a given air transport departure or arrival route into a median route and its envelope containing 80% of flights. This makes it possible to map global and easy-to-read maps of current air procedures around airports based on actual pathways flown by the aircraft. It also makes it possible to investigate the impact of change in aeronautical procedures on the actual geography of air routes around airports. Such maps complement noise contour maps and offer a good basis for debating aeronautical procedures at airports whose operations expose the population to noise.  相似文献   

Cancer risks from exposure to vehicular air pollution: a household level analysis of intra-ethnic heterogeneity in Miami,Florida     

Jayajit Chakraborty  Timothy W. Collins  Sara E. Grineski 《Urban geography》2017,38(1):112-136

Quantitative environmental justice (EJ) research has relied on aggregated data from census units to determine disproportionate hazard exposure. Additionally, variables typically used to analyze ethnic inequities in exposure (e.g., percent Hispanic) are too broad and assume a degree of homogeneity that may not exist, given the diversity of ethnic minority populations. We address these limitations through a study that utilizes primary household level survey data and cancer risk estimates from the National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment (NATA) to analyze intra-ethnic inequities in exposure to vehicular air pollutants in the Miami metropolitan area, Florida. Our analysis disaggregates the Hispanic category based on five characteristics (language proficiency, U.S. citizenship, nativity, unemployment status, and national origin) and finds that risk burdens are significantly higher for Hispanic respondents who are foreign-born, unemployed, and of Cuban origin. Findings highlight the advantages of downscaling EJ analyses to the household level and considering intra-ethnic heterogeneity in EJ research and policy.  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐市MODIS气溶胶光学厚度与空气质量指数相关性分析     

陈鹏  张青  李悦 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2018,12(2):71-77

利用MODIS气溶胶光学厚度(AOD,Aerosol Optical Depth)产品与同期乌鲁木齐市空气质量指数进行相关性分析,得到二者的相关系数为0.664。对MODIS AOD产品进行垂直和湿度订正后,二者的相关性显著提高,相关系数从0.664提高到0.805。订正后按季节分类统计,春、夏、秋3季的相关系数分别为0.775、0.608和0.822,其中秋季的订正更为有效,可用性更高。这可能受到不同季节气溶胶来源、特征以及数据样本差异的影响。最后分别建立全年、春季、夏季和秋季的线性、对数、一元二次、乘幂和指数5种类型的拟合模型。考虑模型易于利用的因素,依据各拟合模型相关系数的大小得到全年以及各季节最优拟合模型,该模型函数可用来反演和监测乌鲁木齐市空气质量指数。  相似文献   

The anisotropy of cosmic ray arrival directions around 10 eV     

N. Hayashida  M. Nagano  D. Nishikawa  H. Ohoka  N. Sakaki  M. Sasaki  M. Takeda  M. Teshima  R. Torii  T. Yamamoto  S. Yoshida  K. Honda  N. Kawasumi  I. Tsushima  N. Inoue  E. Kusano  K. Shinozaki  N. Souma  K. Kadota  F. Kakimoto  K. Kamata  S. Kawaguchi  Y. Kawasaki  H. Kitamura  Y. Matsubara  K. Murakami  Y. Uchihori  H. Yoshii 《Astroparticle Physics》1999,10(4):125-311

Anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays with energies above 10¹⁷ eV is studied using data from the Akeno 20 km² array and the Akeno Giant Air Shower Array (AGASA), using a total of about 114 000 showers observed over 11 years. In the first harmonic analysis, we have found a strong anisotropy of 4% around 10¹⁸ eV, corresponding to a chance probability of 0.2% after taking the number of independent trials into account. with two-dimensional analysis in right ascension and declination, this anisotropy is interpreted as an excess of showers near the directions of the Galactic Center and the Cygnus region.  相似文献   

毛乌素沙地3种飞播植物种群分布格局的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

沈渭寿 《中国沙漠》1998,18(4):372-378

在播区水平和群落水平上,讨论了毛乌素沙地3种沙丘类型区飞播后,沙地由流动到半固定和固定状态的变化过程中,籽蒿、羊柴和花棒3个主要飞播植物种群分布格局的变化,以及各种状态下决定种群分布格局的主导因素。研究表明:在沙地处于流动状态下,不论是播区水平还是群落水平上,幼苗的分布格局都是由环境的空间异质性决定的;在半固定状态下,种群的分布格局是植物自身的生物生态学特性和环境因素共同作用的结果;而在固定状态下,种群的分布格局几乎全部是由植物自身的生物生态学特性所决定的。  相似文献   

Aerodynamics of Mountain Valleys with Varying Cross Sections     

E. Kamenetsky  A. Radionoff 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1999,91(2):191-197

The influence of shape and aspect ratio of a mountain valley on the wind field is studied with the use of a two-dimensional quasi-laminar model. A vortex with the axis directed along the valley appears in the simulations. In addition, an air flow along the valley is found. The speed of this flow at the vortex centre depends on the valley aspect ratio (the ratio of the valley width to its depth). This speed is less than the corresponding wind component at the same height in the undisturbed flow if the aspect ratio is smaller than a critical value, and it is greater than the undisturbed wind component if the aspect ratio is greater than the critical value. The latter is different for valleys having cross sections of different shape.  相似文献   

甘肃近40年来气温变化的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵红岩  薛万孝 《干旱气象》1999,(4)

利用 196 0～ 1999年甘肃省 15站的月平均气温 ,平均最高、最低气温 ,极端最高、最低气温等资料 ,对近 4 0年来甘肃省气候变化特征作了分析研究。结果显示 :1985年以前甘肃年平均气温变化是平稳的 ,以后急剧增温 ,且增温并不是主要由冬季增温造成的。1985年以前是平均最低气温升高 ,以后平均最高气温也在升高 ,所以 1985年以后的气温变暖不完全是以最低气温变暖为主形成的  相似文献   

华东部分铀矿区内大气和饮用水体放射性水平调查研究     

张洪  周甄龙 《铀矿地质》1999,15(6):367-371

通过对华东地区２１ 个铀矿区内居民居住环境大气中氡及其子体α潜能浓度的调查,结果表明：居民居室外氡浓度均值范围为６．７３—１３２．９ Ｂｑ／ｍ ３,氡子体α潜能浓度均值范围为１１．０—７８．８ｎＪ／ｍ ３。居室内的平均氡浓度均值范围为１４．５—１８５．８ Ｂｑ／ｍ ３,氡子体α潜能浓度均值范围为１３．８—１０４．２ ｎＪ／ｍ ３;对居民饮用水源的取样分析表明,铀浓度均值范围为０．１２—１．６８ μｇ／Ｌ,钍浓度均值范围为０．０２—０．４２ μｇ／Ｌ,镭－２２６ 浓度均值范围为０．９０—１２．１ ｍ Ｂｑ／Ｌ,与全国和当地的放射性天然本底水平比较接近,均属正常本底水平。  相似文献   

自动与人工观测的气压差异分析   总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2  

张红娟  任芝花  陈高峰  曾英 《气象科学》2010,30(3):402-406

利用陕西省97个气象站2004—2007年间自动与人工平行观测期间的资料,分析了陕西和陕西不同地域人工与自动观测气压的差异并对气压月、年平均值进行了显著性检验。结果表明:人工观测比自动观测日平均气压平均偏高0.21 hPa,标准差为0.30 hPa;气压差值有明显的地域特征;气压对比差值的日、月变化规律明显;DYYZ和CAWS系列测压仪的性能没有明显差异;自动与人工观测时间不同步对定时值有一定影响,但对气候分析没有影响;校准值随时间漂移是气压传感器的主要误差源之一;自动站所测气压可与人工站气压连续使用。  相似文献