Measurement of natural radioactivity in sand samples collected from the Baoji Weihe Sands Park, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lu Xinwei  Zhang Xiaolan 《Environmental Geology》2006,50(7):977-982

The activity concentrations and the gamma-absorbed dose rates of the primordial naturally occurring radionuclides ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K were determined for sand samples collected from the Baoji Weihe Sands Park, China, using γ-ray spectrometry. The natural radioactivity concentration of sand ranges from 10.2 to 38.3 Bq kg⁻¹ for ²²⁶Ra, 27.0 to 48.8 Bq kg⁻¹ for ²³²Th and 635.8 to 1,126.7 Bq kg⁻¹ for ⁴⁰K with mean values of 22.1, 39.0 and 859.1 Bq kg⁻¹, respectively. The concentrations of these radionuclides are compared with the typical world values and the average activity of Chinese soil. The measured activity concentration of ²²⁶Ra and ²³²Th in sand is lower than the world average while that of ⁴⁰K is higher. . To evaluate the radiological hazard of the natural radioactivity, the radium equivalent activity, the external hazard index, the absorbed dose rate, and the effective dose rate have been calculated and compared with internationally approved values. The radium equivalent activity values of all sand samples are lower than the limit of 370 Bq kg⁻¹. The values of the external hazard index are less than unity. The mean outdoor air absorbed dose rate is 69.6 nGy h⁻¹ and the corresponding outdoor effective dose rate is 0.085 mSv y⁻¹.  相似文献   

A preliminary study on using fresh animal excrements to monitor heavy metal contamination in the remote areas     

《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):78-79

  相似文献   

Episodic Late Holocene dune movements on the sand-sheet area, Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, San Luis Valley, Colorado, USA     

S.L. Forman  M. Spaeth  J. Pierson  F. Bunch 《Quaternary Research》2006,66(1):97-108

The Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve (GSDNPP) in the San Luis Valley, Colorado, contains a variety of eolian landforms that reflect Holocene drought variability. The most spectacular is a dune mass banked against the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, which is fronted by an extensive sand sheet with stabilized parabolic dunes. Stratigraphic exposures of parabolic dunes and associated luminescence dating of quartz grains by single-aliquot regeneration (SAR) protocols indicate eolian deposition of unknown magnitude occurred ca. 1290-940, 715 ± 80, 320 ± 30, and 200-120 yr ago and in the 20th century. There are 11 drought intervals inferred from the tree-ring record in the past 1300 yr at GSDNPP potentially associated with dune movement, though only five eolian depositional events are currently recognized in the stratigraphic record. There is evidence for eolian transport associated with dune movement in the 13th century, which may coincide with the “Great Drought”, a 26-yr-long dry interval identified in the tree ring record, and associated with migration of Anasazi people from the Four Corners areas to wetter areas in southern New Mexico. This nascent chronology indicates that the transport of eolian sand across San Luis Valley was episodic in the late Holocene with appreciable dune migration in the 8th, 10-13th, and 19th centuries, which ultimately nourished the dune mass against the Sangre de Cristo Mountains.  相似文献   

An enhanced depth-averaged tidal model for morphological studies in the presence of rotary currents     

Simon P. Neill  Mohammad R. Hashemi  Alan J. Elliott 《Continental Shelf Research》2007

A simple and efficient method to improve morphological predictions using depth-averaged tidal models is presented. The method includes the contribution of secondary flows in sediment transport using the computed flow field from a depth-averaged model. The method has been validated for a case study using the 3D POLCOMS model and ADCP data. The enhanced depth-averaged tidal model along with the SWAN wave model are applied to morphological prediction around the Lleyn Peninsula and Bardsey Island as a case study in the Irish Sea. Due to the presence of a headland in this area two asymmetrical tidal eddies are developed in which the cyclonic eddy is stronger as a result of Coriolis effects. The results show that the enhanced model can effectively predict formation of sand banks at the centre of cyclonic eddies, while the depth-averaged model, due to its inability to accommodate secondary flow, is inadequate in this respect.  相似文献   

Spectroscopic characterization of geological materials from the United Arab Emirates     

Karim N. Jallad  Cyntia Espada-Jallad 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2008,1(2):119-127

Throughout the United Arab Emirates, the sand differs in color and composition, depending on its source. This study reports the collection of 70 sediment samples from coastal district areas of seven emirates in the United Arab Emirates, namely, Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Ras Al-Khaimah, and Fujairah for the purposes of spectroscopic characterization and color justification. The compositions of these naturally occurring sand samples obtained were tested using different spectroscopic techniques. The techniques included both destructive instrumentation as scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray powder diffraction and nondestructive instrumentation as confocal Raman microscopy. It was concluded that the sand can acquire various colors ranging from white to black due to the presence of certain chemical compounds.  相似文献   

The nature of Mawsonites (Ediacara fauna)     

A.J. van Loon   《Gondwana Research》2008,14(1-2):175

Some representatives of the Ediacara fauna have been later re-interpreted as pseudofossils. This was recently also done for Mawsonites, which was re-interpreted as a sedimentary structure formed due to interaction of a sand volcano (or water-escape structure) and a biomat. This sedimentary genesis appears not to be tenable, as several physical processes should have been involved, none of which is known from modern times or the geological past. It is concluded that Mawsonites must be considered as a fossil, either an imprint or a true fossil. This interpretation may be tested on one or more fragments of the structure.  相似文献   

Erosion rate of sand and mud mixtures     

《国际泥沙研究》2020,35(6):563-575

Erosion of mixed cohesive and noncohesive sediments is studied using the erosion test instrument SEDFlume. The sediment mixtures are composed of well-sorted quartz sand (0.25–0.5 mm) and one of the three used muds: kaolinite, kaolinite-bentonite and Mississippi River muds. The mud contents cover from 0 to 100%. The measured data of erosion rate and bed shear stress are used to examine the segmented linear, nonlinear, and exponential erosion models. The parameters of each erosion model are related to the physical properties of sediment mixtures, including clay fraction, mud fraction, mixture dry density, and mud dry density. It is found that the three models can fit well with the data, and their parameters have strong relations with the mud fraction and mud dry density, to a less extent with the clay fraction, but not with the mixture dry density.  相似文献   

The Effects of Protruding Rock Boulders in Regulating Sediment Intrusion within the Hyporheic Zone of Mountain Streams     

Dimitrios DERMISIS  A.N.Thanos PAPANICOLAOU 《山地科学学报》2014,(6):1466-1477

Excessive sedimentation in mountain stream ecosystems is a critical environmental problem due to the clogging of streambeds by sediment particles within the hyporheic zone,with detrimental effects on fish spawning habitat.In this research,the effects of an array of boulders in regulating the intrusion of incoming sand within a gravel substrate were evaluated by performing detailed experiments in a laboratory flume.A unique experimental setup and two different sampling techniques were utilized for measuring the infiltrated sand within the gravel bed under two bed shear stress conditions（moderate vs.high）.For comparison purposes,experiments were performed without and with the presence of partially submerged to the flow（protruding） boulders,which is typical for the average flow conditions found in mountain streams.Results indicated that sand infiltrated primarily in the upper part of the gravel bed creating a surface seal which hindered the penetration of sand particles deeper into the bed.An exponential decrease of the amount of the infiltrated sand within the hyporheic zone was observed in all experiments regardless of the presence of boulders.However,the presence of boulders promoted sediment intrusion of sand particles especially for the moderate applied bed shear stress condition,since the total amount of the infiltrated sand was found to be on average 44% greater whenboulders were present.The findings from this study can provide additional insight regarding the role of boulders on promoting downwelling of flow and sediment within the gravel substrate with potential effects on fish habitat.  相似文献   

巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊对浅层沙含水量的影响     

牛震敏  王乃昂  温鹏辉  苏贤保  于昕冉  张文佳 《中国沙漠》2022,42(2):142-152

湖泊与高大沙山共存是巴丹吉林沙漠独特的自然景观,对其形成机制尚未形成共识。已有研究发现沙层含水量偏高的现象可能在高大沙山的形成中发挥了重要作用,但对其水分来源的研究尚不充分。本研究通过对沙漠腹地3个湖盆内气象要素和浅层沙含水量时空分布的对比,结合前人对水同位素和水分运移规律的研究,发现湖泊的存在大大增加了湖盆内空气相对湿度和浅层沙含水量的变化幅度,并影响了浅层沙含水量随高度的分布特征;相关分析表明,控制有湖湖盆浅层沙含水量变化的主导过程是气温升降引起的水分损失与补充,而干湖盆浅层沙水分补给主要来自风的平流输送。尽管沙丘分层含水量的长期定量观测仍有待开展,但现有证据表明巴丹吉林沙漠高大沙山沙层含水量偏高的现象很可能是湖泊蒸发的水汽以土壤吸附水汽或凝结水等形式逐渐运移至沙层内而形成,是湖泊-沙山体系长期共存、形成局地水汽平衡的结果。这为沙层水分来源研究提供了新的视角,也对沙漠腹地水资源开发利用有一定的参考意义。  相似文献   

A numerical study of particle motion and two‐phase interaction in aeolian sand transport using a coupled large eddy simulation – discrete element method     

Zhiqiang Li  Yuan Wang  Yang Zhang 《Sedimentology》2014,61(2):319-332

Wind‐blown sand movement, considered as a particle‐laden two‐phase flow, was simulated by a new numerical code developed in the present study. The discrete element method was employed to model the contact force between sand particles. Large eddy simulation was used to solve the turbulent atmospheric boundary layer. Motions of sand particles were traced in the Lagrangian frame. Within the near‐surface region of the atmospheric boundary layer, interparticle collisions will significantly alter the velocity of sand. The sand phase is quite dense in this region, and its feedback force on fluid motion cannot be ignored. By considering the interparticle collision and two‐phase interaction, four‐way coupling was achieved in the numerical code. Profiles of sand velocity from the simulations were in good agreement with experimental measurements. The mass flux shows an exponential decay and is comparable to reported experimental and field measurements. The turbulence intensities and shear stress of sand particles were estimated from particle root‐mean‐square velocities. Distributions of slip velocity and feedback force were analysed to reveal the interactions between sand particles and the continuous fluid phase.  相似文献