三沙永乐龙洞洞内侧壁礁体矿物和元素组成及其晚更新世以来的形成演化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

罗珂  田元  傅亮  孙晓霞  毕乃双  范德江  杨作升 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(5):1014-1021

三沙永乐龙洞深度在300m左右,是目前全球已知最深的海洋蓝洞,但是对其性质和成因了解极其有限。本研究使用X射线粉晶衍射仪、X射线荧光光谱仪、AMS14C测年等分析测试方法对采自不同深度的洞壁礁体的矿物物相、元素含量和形成年代进行了测定,探讨了洞壁性质和龙洞的演化。研究结果表明:三沙永乐龙洞洞内侧壁矿物均属于碳酸盐矿物,包括文石、高镁方解石和低镁方解石,平均含量分别为49.0%、46.6%、14.3%,它们主要来自钙质生物碎屑;洞内侧壁的主要元素是Ca、Mg、Sr,平均含量分别为36.8%、0.98%、0.48%。三沙永乐龙洞是一个复合体,17m以上岩石年龄晚于7.5cal kaBP,是全新世海平面上升时期形成的现代珊瑚礁体,没有经历过海平面下降引起的成岩作用; 17—35m岩石形成时代早于25cal ka BP,是经历了大气淡水成岩作用的晚更新世喀斯特溶洞,且在高海平面时期于17—23m以浅的空间内广泛发育洞内珊瑚礁。  相似文献   

Double funnelling in a mature coastal British Columbia forest: spatial patterns of stemflow after infiltration          下载免费PDF全文

S. A. Spencer  H. J. van Meerveld 《水文研究》2016,30(22):4185-4201

Many studies have focused on the amount of stemflow in different forests and for different rainfall events, but few studies have focused on how stemflow intensity varies during events or the infiltration of stemflow into the soil. Stemflow may lead to higher water delivery rates at the base of the tree compared with throughfall over the same area and fast and deeper infiltration of this water along roots and other preferential flow pathways. In this study, stemflow amounts and intensities were measured and blue dye experiments were conducted in a mature coniferous forest in coastal British Columbia to examine double funnelling of stemflow. Stemflow accounted for only 1% of precipitation and increased linearly with event total precipitation. Funnelling ratios ranged from less than 1 to almost 20; smaller trees had larger funnelling ratios. Stemflow intensity generally was highest for periods with high‐intensity rainfall later in the event. The maximum stemflow intensities were higher than the maximum precipitation intensities. Dye tracer experiments showed that stemflow infiltrated primarily along roots and was found more frequently at depth than near the soil surface. Lateral flow of stemflow was observed above a dense clay layer for both the throughfall and stemflow experiments. Stemflow appeared to infiltrate deeper (122 cm) than throughfall (85 cm), but this difference was in part a result of site‐specific differences in maximum soil depth. However, the observed high stemflow intensities combined with preferential flow of stemflow may lead to enhanced subsurface stormflow. This suggests that even though stemflow is only a very minor component of the water balance, it may still significantly affect soil moisture, recharge, and runoff generation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于水文模型的乌裕尔河流域水资源评价   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

冯夏清  章光新 《水文》2015,35(2):49-52

基于水文模型的流域水资源评价可以为解决流域水资源短缺问题和改善水资源管理利用模式提供科学依据。针对传统水资源评价存在的问题,以乌裕尔河流域为例,利用研究区已建立的SWAT模型进行流域水资源评价,并分析了流域蓝水绿水资源量的时空分布规律。研究结果表明,绿水资源量在乌裕尔河流域水资源量中占得较大比重,对维持区域水安全、粮食安全和生态系统稳定具有重要作用。把绿水资源量评估纳入到传统水资源评估体系中,并对传统的水资源管理进行革新是一项势在必行的举措。  相似文献   

广东省红树林土壤碳储量及固碳潜力研究     

覃国铭  张靖凡  周金戈  卢哲  王法明 《热带地理》2023,43(1):23-30

利用文献收集和数据整合的方法,对广东省不同红树林群落和地区的碳储量及碳埋藏速率进行了系统梳理。研究发现,广东省红树林的面积为9 106.21 hm²,土壤碳储量为1 542.02 GgC,土壤碳密度为0.23 GgC/hm²。广东省内红海榄(Rhizophora stylosa)和木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)群落的土壤碳密度最高,分别是0.27和0.23 GgC/hm²,而秋茄(Kandelia candel)群落土壤碳密度最低,仅为0.13 GgC/hm²。广东13个沿海地市的红树林土壤碳储量按大小顺序为湛江(894.5 GgC)>阳江(195.4 GgC)>江门(97.7 GgC)>珠海(91.0GgC)>茂名(59.6 GgC)>汕头(51.4 GgC)>中山(49.2 GgC)>惠州(36.1 GgC)>广州(35.1 GgC)>深圳(18.3 GgC)>汕尾(10.8 GgC)>东莞(2.8 GgC)&...  相似文献   

全天空成像仪云量计算方法的改进     

周文君  ;牛生杰  ;许潇锋 《南京气象学院学报》2014,(3):289-296

全天空成像仪（total sky imager 440,TSI-440）可以实现白天全天空云量的持续自动监测,时空分辨率较高,得到的云量计算结果更精确.首先介绍了TSI-440的基本原理和资料格式,并基于太湖地区2008年5-10月的TSI-440资料及无锡站地面观测资料,采用统计方法详细地分析了不同天气情况下图像的成像特征及云量的计算误差.结果发现：图像的成像特征与能见度密切相关,红蓝比值随着能见度的减小而增大.另外,仪器在处理阴天图像及复杂天空（多云）图像时,易造成一定的云量计算误差.针对上述问题,本文通过直方图分析,重新选定了红蓝比阈值（晴空点阈值0.62,云点阈值0.66）,基于新阈值计算的云量结果较仪器自带的处理结果更为准确,减小了因天气状况不同而产生的云量计算误差.  相似文献   

Collisions and close encounters involving massive main-sequence stars     

James E. Dale  Melvyn B. Davies 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,366(4):1424-1436

We study close encounters involving massive main-sequence stars and the evolution of the exotic products of these encounters as common-envelope systems or possible hypernova progenitors. We show that parabolic encounters between low- and high-mass stars and between two high-mass stars with small periastrons result in mergers on time-scales of a few tens of stellar free-fall times (a few tens of hours). We show that such mergers of unevolved low-mass stars with evolved high-mass stars result in little mass-loss  (∼0.01 M_⊙)  and can deliver sufficient fresh hydrogen to the core of the collision product to allow the collision product to burn for several million years. We find that grazing encounters enter a common-envelope phase which may expel the envelope of the merger product. The deposition of energy in the envelopes of our merger products causes them to swell by factors of ∼100. If these remnants exist in very densely populated environments  ( n ≳ 10⁷ pc⁻³)  , they will suffer further collisions which may drive off their envelopes, leaving behind hard binaries. We show that the products of collisions have cores rotating sufficiently rapidly to make them candidate hypernova/gamma-ray burst progenitors and that ∼0.1 per cent of massive stars may suffer collisions, sufficient for such events to contribute significantly to the observed rates of hypernovae and gamma-ray bursts.  相似文献   

Young star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud: NGC 1805 and 1818     

R. A. Johnson  S. F. Beaulieu  G. F. Gilmore  J. Hurley  B. X. Santiago  N. R. Tanvir  R. A. W. Elson † 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,324(2):367-380

We present colour–magnitude diagrams for two rich (≈10⁴ M_⊙) Large Magellanic Cloud star clusters with ages ≈10⁷ yr, constructed from optical and near-infrared data obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope . These data are part of an HST project to study LMC clusters with a range of ages. In this paper we investigate the massive star content of the young clusters, and determine the cluster ages and metallicities, paying particular attention to Be-star and blue-straggler populations and evidence of age spreads. We compare our data with detailed stellar-population simulations to investigate the turn-off structure of ≈25 Myr stellar systems, highlighting the complexity of the blue-straggler phenomenon.  相似文献   

Multisite campaign on the open cluster M67 – I. Observations and photometric reductions     

D. Stello  T. Arentoft  T. R. Bedding  M. Y. Bouzid  H. Bruntt  Z. Csubry  T. H. Dall  Z. E. Dind  S. Frandsen  R. L. Gilliland  A. P. Jacob  H. R. Jensen  Y. B. Kang  S.-L. Kim  L. L. Kiss  H. Kjeldsen  J.-R. Koo  J.-A. Lee  C.-U. Lee  J. Nuspl  C. Sterken  R. Szabó 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,373(3):1141-1150

We report on an ambitious multisite campaign aimed at detecting stellar variability, particularly solar-like oscillations, in the red giant stars in the open cluster M67 (NGC 2682). During the six-week observing run, which comprised 164 telescope nights, we used nine 0.6-m to 2.1-m class telescopes located around the world to obtain uninterrupted time series photometry. We outline here the data acquisition and reduction, with emphasis on the optimization of the signal-to-noise ratio of the low-amplitude (50–500 μmag) solar-like oscillations. This includes a new and efficient method for obtaining the linearity profile of the CCD response at ultrahigh precision (∼10 parts per million). The noise in the final time series is 0.50 mmag per minute integration for the best site, while the noise in the Fourier spectrum of all sites combined is 20 μmag. In addition to the red giant stars, this data set proves to be very valuable for studying high-amplitude variable stars such as eclipsing binaries, W UMa systems and δ Scuti stars.  相似文献   

溴酚蓝-过氧化氢催化动力学体系光度法测定痕量铜     

谢建鹰  陈园园  阳海华 《岩矿测试》2012,31(2):291-294

在pH=4.5的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液介质中,以溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)为增敏剂,痕量Cu(Ⅱ)能催化过氧化氢氧化溴酚蓝使之褪色,据此用于测定痕量铜。讨论了介质、试剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、表面活性剂及其共存离子的影响,确定测定波长为593 nm及最佳实验条件,测得反应表观活化能为90.3kJ/mol。在优化条件下,方法检出限为0.646 ng/mL,Cu(Ⅱ)的质量浓度在0～0.064μg/mL范围内与lg(A0/A)呈良好的线性关系,大多数常见元素不干扰测定。方法用于煤样中痕量铜的分析,5次测定的相对标准偏差小于3.1%,加标回收率在92.7%～107.0%,测定结果与原子吸收光谱法的结果一致。  相似文献   

Petrogenesis of the Palaeoproterozoic Xishankou pluton,northern Tarim block,northwest China: implications for assembly of the supercontinent Columbia     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(15):1829-1842

The Tarim block, one of the largest cratons in China, records an important part of the Proterozoic crustal evolution of the Earth. Many previous studies have focused on the Neoproterozoic magmatism and tectonic evolution of this block in relation to the break-up of Rodinia, although relatively little is known about its earlier tectono-magmatic history. In this article, we present detailed petrographic, geochronologic, whole-rock geochemical, and in situ zircon Hf isotope data for the pre-Neoproterozoic Xishankou granitoid pluton (XBP), one of several blue quartz-bearing granitoid intrusions well exposed in the Quruqtagh area, and discuss these intrusions in terms of their tectonic environment. Zircon LA-ICP-MS dating indicates that gneissic quartz diorite and granodiorite of the XBP crystallized at 1934 ± 13 and 1944 ± 19 Ma, respectively. Both underwent metamorphism essentially coeval with emplacement, a time that is compatible with the globally distributed 2.1–1.8 Ga crustal amalgamation during formation of the supercontinent Columbia. Petrographic and geochemical evidence suggest that the XBP is a continental-arc-type granite and may have been generated by the partial melting of Archaean thickened lower crust; this would suggest that the northern Tarim block was a continental-type arc at ca. 1940 Ma. Our new data, together with previous regional geological studies, indicate that a series of Palaeoproterozoic (ca. 2.0–1.8 Ga) tectono-magmatic events occurred in the northern Tarim attending the assembly of Columbia.  相似文献