The Characteristics of Seismic Activity Before the Devastating Earthquake with M_W9.0 Off the West Coast of Northern Sumatra     

Xue Yan 《中国地震研究》2006,20(2):118-126

INTRODUCTIONMeasured bythe China Earthquake Networks Center ,a great earthquake withMS8·7 occurred offthe west coast of Northern Sumatra at Beijing Time 08 :58 :55·2 on December 26 , 2004·Themagnitude of the earthquake determined by the National Earthquake Information Center of USA(NEIC) wasMW9·0 .The earthquakeisthe biggestinthe world afterthe 1964 Prince WilliamSound,Alaska earthquake .The tsunami triggered bythe Sumatra earthquake brought about severe devastationfor ten …  相似文献   

北京地区地基验槽常见工程地质问题及其处理   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王鸿胤 《岩土工程技术》2006,20(4):197-199

通过建筑地基验槽实践,介绍了北京地区建筑地基开挖后常见的工程地质问题及其处理,为地基验槽提供借鉴。  相似文献   

Paleoseismic events and the 1596 Keicho-Fushimi large earthquake produced by a slip on the Gosukebashi fault at the eastern Rokko Mountains,Japan     

Aiming Lin  Tadashi Maruyama  Takao Miyata 《Island Arc》1998,7(4):621-636

Field surveys and trench excavation investigations revealed that there were at least four large seismic events produced by slips on the Gosukebashi fault in the Holocene in the southeastern Rokko Mountains of Japan. The characteristics of deformed topographies and three-dimensionally excavated exposures show that this fault is a right-lateral strike–slip fault having an average slip rate of 1.0 mm/year, with a reverse displacement component. The principle indicators of past faulting events are: (i) termination of secondary faults; (ii) sedimentary deposits related to faulting; and (iii) injection veins of fault gouge related to seismic faulting in the fractured zone. Radiocarbon dates indicate that the events occurred pre-1660 BC , 1660 BC –220 AD , from ～ 30–220 to 600 AD and 15th century AD . The youngest event is probably associated with the large 1596 AD Keicho-Fushimi earthquake which occurred in the area around Kyoto and Kobe Cities. The second younger event is probably correlated with the 416 AD Yamato earthquake, which is the oldest historic earthquake in Japanese historic records. The results of trench surveys show that the horizontal displacement produced by an individual event is ～ 1.5 m, and the recurrence of seismic event intervals is ～ 1200 years in the Gosukebashi fault.  相似文献   

对琼斯分样器的改进设计   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

于飞 《探矿工程》1997,(1):11-12

分析提出了琼斯分样器结构上存在的问题，介绍了改进措施及改进后的ＧＦ分样器的使用情况。  相似文献   

Application of fluid mechanic principles to the study of geodynamic processes at trench-arc-back arc systems     

Albert T. Hsui 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1988,128(3-4):661-681

Geological processes at trench-arc-back arc systems are some of the most complex tectonic processes in need of study. A large amount of data based on geological and geophysical observations has been accumulated. To synthesize these data, mathematical models have proven to be very useful. Because geological processes are directly related to the dynamical behavior of the solid earth, many of them can be investigated in terms of fluid flow models. Some applications of fluid flow principles in studying tectonic processes at convergent plate boundaries are discussed in this paper. When mantle processes are modeled as convective systems, they are found to have direct implications for the determination of slab dip angles. Additionally, they can also account for the high heat flows in the back arc basins, provide a mechanism for back arc opening, and resolve the question whether subducted oceanic crust can reach melting at shallow depth for island arc magma generation. Besides mantle processes, flow models can also be used to study surface processes. A simple one-parameter plane flow theory is used to model the evolution of trench geometries. This model is able to fit simulataneously the trench curvature and the differential paleomagnetic rotation between volcanic islands for the Mariana. Despite the simplicity of many of these models, their ability to synthesize geological and geophysical data at convergent plate boundaries is quite remarkable.  相似文献   

利用现代地形资料鉴定断层活动性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

黄秀铭  郑炳华  王挺梅  李建平 《地震地质》1987,9(3):51

本文述及场地断层活动性与地震地质背景的问题。工程场地内存在若干条印支—燕山期逆断层。对探槽揭露的断层分析表明,这些断层自晚更新世以来未发生新活动。同时对场地及附近地区层状的夷平面、喀斯特溶洞及河谷侵蚀一堆积阶地等现代地形,进行地貌调查、第四纪地层分析和相应的计算,进而认为,这些断层自晚中更新世以来未发生新活动。因此,就断层活动性而论,该场地是适于工程建设的。 现代地形资料可资鉴定断层活动性  相似文献   

工程开挖的结构效应与防治对策──以兰州西郊滑坡为例   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5  

张加桂  曲永新 《工程地质学报》2003,11(1):10-14

开挖引起的滑坡作用不仅取决于斜坡带本身的地质结构,更取决于工程开挖与斜坡地质结构相互作用,因此科学地工程开挖可以避免这类地质灾害的发生。本文以2001年7月1日发生在兰州西郊白垩系砂岩顺层山坡上天然气长输管道管沟深开挖引起的岩层滑动和由此造成的兰州市煤气管道大变形问题为例,揭示了层间剪切带的工程开挖效应和对边坡稳定性的控制作用,总结了此类地质灾害教训。  相似文献   

应力状态改变对土压力影响的分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王报子  丁邦平 《安徽地质》2002,12(4):278-281

对基坑开挖引起地基土应力状态以及地下水状态改变给土压力计算带来的影响进行了深入的分析,提出了应采用侧压减少试验和卸荷试验方法确定的强度指标来计算主、被动土压力等计算方法.  相似文献   

The Origin and Distribution of Salts on Alluvial Fans in The Atacama Desert,Northern Chile     

I. A. Berger  R. U. Cooke 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1997,22(6):581-600

The Atacama Desert has been predominantly hyperarid since the middle Miocene. Combined ionic and X-ray diffraction analysis shows that calcium sulphate is prevalent on three similar alluvial fans in salar basins across a transect of different environments in Antofagasta Province, northern Chile. Differences between the fans were largely due to the effect of local factors on salt input, secondary redistribution and deposit preservation. Thus carbonate was notable in the High Andes (fan C) and Pre-Cordillera (fan B), whereas in the Central Valley (fan A) greater qualities of the more soluble salts (chlorides and nitrates) probably reflect the higher level of aridity and an oceanic source (the camanchaca). Calcium sulphate distribution on the alluvial fans and on adjacent hilltops indicates an aeolian origin. Evidence from the Pre-Cordillera (fan B), however, suggests that salt input may have been episodic, related to changes in conditions within the general aridity and possibly to stone pavement and soil development. Calcium sulphate sources range from an input in Andean precipitation and the camanchaca to abundant regional evaporite deposits. It is probable, however, that products of Andean volcanism constitute the dominant primary source of calcium sulphate, and that the salt has subsequently been distributed widely within the endoreic basins of the region by a combination of groundwater, surface flow and the wind. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Atacama Field Campaign: laboratory and in-situ measurements for remote sensing applications     

Cristian Mattar  Andrés Santamaría-Artigas  Flavio Ponzoni  Cibele T. Pinto  Carolina Barrientos  Glynn Hulley 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2019,12(1):43-61

This work presents the preliminary results of the first field calibration campaign performed in the Atacama Desert, Chile, between the 18 and 22 August 2014, called the Atacama Field Campaign (ATAFIC 2014). In situ measurements were performed in order to spectrally characterize the surface reflectance spectra between 0.3 and 2.5?µm, radiometric temperature (8.0–14.0?µm) and atmospheric measurements. A soil sample was collected and analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction techniques to characterize the surface reflectance spectra and mineralogical composition, respectively. ASTER land surface emissivity in addition to GOES, MODIS and Landsat-8 land surface temperature (LST) were also used. Results showed that the spectral features of the Atacama soil and the characteristics of this geographical zone, which is featured as the most hyper-arid and cloudless place in the world, make this area a potential target for surface reflectance characterization. Day and night LST comparison between field and remote sensing data are lower than 2?K and the Root Mean Square Error for land surface emissivity is close to 2%. This work opens the possibilities to consider the Atacama Desert as a reference target for calibration and validation activities for earth observation missions’ purposes.  相似文献