砂岩储层中原油微生物降解的模拟实验研究   总被引：22，自引：2，他引：22  

陈传平  梅博文 《沉积学报》1997,15(1):135-140

模拟辽河冷东-雷家地区的砂砾岩储层条件，采用该地区的正常原油，在３０℃恒温和充氧下以及有营养元素的水溶液中，进行了原油喜氧微生物降解实验。实验表明，经微生物降解后，原油的化学组成发生了较大变化，饱和烃含量下降，沥青质、非烃含量上升；水溶液的ｐＨ值下降，并在其中检测出了有机酸，可见在微生物的代谢过程中，原油中的烃类分子被部分转化为水溶性含氧酸性产物。降解实验的油样与取自同一地区的两个重质原油饱和烃气相色谱图比较，两者在组成上极其相近，其结果说明辽河油田的重油成因，是原油遭受了喜氧微生物的降解。实验对微生物降解过程的动力学进行了初步研究。微生物对饱和烃馏分中不同化合物的降解序列为:短链正构烷烃、长链正构烷烃、异构烷烃、环状烷烃。但当各组分间的浓度发生较大变化时，降解序列会有所不同。  相似文献   

玄武岩—水相互作用的溶解机理研究   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

党志  侯瑛 《岩石学报》1995,11(1):9-15

在常温常压排除大气干扰的封闭体系条件下,将一定粒度的玄武岩样品浸泡在不同酸度的水溶液里,研究玄武岩－水相互作用过程中元素释放和溶液酸度的变化情况。结果发现：（１）经过一段时间后,溶液中主要元素的浓度趋向平衡;（２）溶液酸度发生明显变化,即不论反应初始溶液是碱性的还是酸性的,最终都将趋于中性,我们把此现象称为溶液的中性化效应。根据溶液中溶解组分的浓度和样品表面组成的ＸＰＳ测定结果,提出玄武岩在碱性和酸性溶液中不同的溶解机理。  相似文献   

Reductive dissolution of arsenical ferrihydrite by bacteria     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

Mining and metallurgical processing of gold and base metal ores can lead to the release of arsenic into the aqueous environment as a result of the weathering and leaching of As-bearing minerals during processing and following disposal. Arsenic in process solutions and mine drainage can be effectively stabilized through the precipitation of ferrihydrite. However, under anaerobic conditions imposed by burial and waste cover systems, ferrihydrite is susceptible to microbial reduction. This research, stimulated by the paucity of information and limited understanding of the microbial reduction of arsenical ferrihydrite, was conducted on synthetic adsorbed and co-precipitated arsenical 6-line ferrihydrite (Fe/As molar ratio of 10/1) using Shewanella sp. ANA-3 and Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 in a chemically defined medium containing 0.045 mM phosphate concentration. Both bacteria were equally effective in their reducing abilities around pH 7, resulting in initial rates of formation of dissolved As(III) of 0.10 μM/h for the adsorbed, and 0.08 μM/h for the co-precipitated arsenical 6-line ferrihydrite samples. The solid phases in the post-reduction samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron microprobe and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) techniques. The results indicate the formation of secondary phases such as a biogenic Fe(II)–As(III) compound, akaganeite, goethite, hematite and possibly magnetite during bacterial reduction experiments. Holes and bacterial imprints measuring about 1–2 μm were observed on the surfaces of the secondary phases formed after 1200 h of reduction. This study demonstrates the influence of Fe and As reducing bacteria on the release of significant concentrations of more mobile and toxic As(III) species from arsenical 6-line ferrihydrite, more readily from the adsorbed than from the co-precipitated ferrihydrite.  相似文献   

The dissolution kinetics of atacamite in the acid range and the stability of atacamite containing soils from Namaqualand,South Africa     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

The Cu hydroxy mineral, atacamite, is commonly associated with saline environments and is generally thought to dissolve rapidly in the presence of fresh water. A Cu contaminated soil from the arid Namaqualand region, South Africa, shows atacamite as the dominant Cu containing mineral. The stability of the Cu phase in this soil was determined through equilibrium and leaching studies using both deionised water (DI) and a concentrated (0.5 M) NaCl solution. Initially a high concentration of exchangeable Cu was released from the soils leached with NaCl. Continued leaching with NaCl resulted in a substantial decrease in Cu release as atacamite equilibria started to control dissolved Cu. This suggests that an initial spike of Cu laden water will leach from the soils at the onset of a large rainfall event. Further additions of water will result in a lower but sustained release of Cu from the soil. The Cu contaminated soils are exposed to acidic sulphate leachate thus the dissolution kinetics of synthetic atacamite in the acidic range (pH 5.5–4.0) was determined in both NaCl and DI solutions. The kinetic data showed that atacamite dissolution rates are significantly higher in DI than in NaCl but the rates converge at pH 4. In comparison to common acid soluble minerals, atacamite displays a moderate dissolution rate (10^−9.55–10^−7.14 mol m⁻² s⁻¹) within the acid range (pH 5.5–4.0). The atacamite dissolution reaction order with respect to pH is 1.3 and 1.6 in DI and NaCl solutions, respectively, suggesting that dissolution rates of atacamite are highly pH dependent in the acid range. The type of acid used to lower the pH had no effect on the reaction kinetics, with HNO₃ and H₂SO₄ resulting in comparable dissolution rates of atacamite at pH 4.5.  相似文献   

电解脱氮除磷技术在海产养殖废水治理中的研究     

容川  尚姣博  张媛媛  宋艳群  王英辉  余克服 《矿产与地质》2016,(3):485-489

海产养殖迅速发展造成水域富营养化、赤潮频发,海产养殖废水污染的治理迫在眉睫。为解决此问题将电解脱氮除磷技术应用在海产养殖废水处理中,并探讨电压、pH、极板间距和电解时间对脱氮除磷去除率的影响。结果表明:脱氮除磷的去除率与电压成正相关,与极板间距成负相关。在电压为30V,极板间距10cm,pH为7时,NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N和TP的去除率达到最大分别为72%、90%、85%。  相似文献   

Petroleum generation characteristics of heterogeneous source rock from Chia Gara formation in the Kurdistan region,northern Iraq as inferred by bulk and quantitative pyrolysis techniques     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

This study is the first attempt which provides information regarding the bulk and quantitative pyrolysis results of the Chia Gara Formation from the Kurdistan region, northern Iraq. Ten representative early-mature to mature samples from the Chia Gara Formation were investigated for TOC contents, Rock Eval pyrolysis, pyrolysis-GC and bulk kinetic parameters. These analyses were used to characterize the petroleum generated during thermal maturation of the Chia Gara source rock and to clarify the quantity of the organic matter and its effect on the timing of petroleum generation.Pyrolysis HI data identified two organic facies with different petroleum generation characteristics; Type II–III kerogen with HI values of >250 mg HC/g TOC, and Type III kerogen with HI values < 100 mg HC/g TOC. These types of kerogen can generate liquid HCs and gas. This is supported by the products of pyrolysis–gas chromatography (Py–GC) analysis of the extracted rock samples. Pyrolysis products show a dominance of a marine organic matter with variable contributions from terrestrial organic matter (Types II–III and III kerogen), and produces mainly paraffinic-naphthenic-aromatic low wax oils with condensate and gas.Bulk kinetic analysis of the Chia Gara source rock indicates a heterogeneous organic matter assemblage, typical of restricted marine environments in general. The activation energy distributions reveal relatively broad and high values, ranging from 40 to 64 kcal/mol with pre-exponential factors varying from 2.2835 E+12/sec to 4.0920 E+13/sec. The predicted petroleum formation temperature of onset (TR 10%) temperatures ranges from 110 to 135 °C, and peak generation temperatures (geological T_max) between 137 °C and 152 °C. The peak generation temperatures reach a transformation ratio in the range of 42–50% TR, thus the Chia Gara source rock could have generated and expelled significant quantities of petroleum hydrocarbons in the Kurdistan of Iraq.  相似文献   

海绵铁对活性艳红K-2BP废水的脱色动力学研究     

王延敦  高孟春  佘宗莲  顾莹莹 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(Z1):131-134

为了开发新型的脱色填料,进行海绵铁对活性艳红K-2BP的脱色动力学研究。试验结果表明,海绵铁对活性艳红K-2BP具有较高的脱色率,在10min,30min和60min脱色率分别为58.78%,85.2%和93.89%。在海绵铁表面衰减分析的基础上,建立了脱色动力学模型,并研究了pH值、温度、粒径和投加量对反应速度常数K和表面衰减系数Ka的影响。  相似文献   

Impact of small-scale biogenic sediment structures on bacterial distribution and activity in Arctic deep-sea sediments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nadia V. Quéric  & Thomas Soltwedel 《Marine Ecology》2007,28(S1):66-74

  相似文献   

海洋浮游生物氮吸收动力学及其粒级特征   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7  

焦念志 《海洋与湖沼》1995,26(2):191-198

于１９９１年秋－１９９２年夏在中国科学院生态网络站之一的胶州湾进行了４个季节的现场实验，运用＾１５Ｎ同位素示踪方法研究胶州湾浮游生物群落对两种主要源铵态氮和硝态氮的吸收动力学及其粒级特征。研究初步阐明自然浮游生物落在不同季节，对不同氮源的吸收特性和受控机制，首次在群落水平上给出不同粒级浮游生物氮吸收特征的定量描述，从而为新生产力研究，生态系能流分配和生源要素生物地化循环研究提供重要参数。  相似文献   

厦门东渡港和筼筜湖疏浚物海洋倾废后镉化学行为模拟研究     

廖文卓  陈松 《台湾海峡》1990,(4)

本文报道了在实验室条件,对厦门东渡港和筼筜湖疏浚物海洋倾废后Cd的溶出,及已达溶出平衡的疏浚物对天然海水中Cd再吸附的模拟研究的结果,讨论了溶出与再吸附过程所遵循的动力学规律。  相似文献