The initiation of the southern central Great Barrier Reef: New multiproxy data from Pleistocene distal sediments from the Marion Plateau (NE Australia)     

Nathalie Dubois  Pascal Kindler  Silvia Spezzaferri  Stjepan Coric   《Marine Geology》2008,250(3-4):223-233

Significant synchronous shifts in the chemistry, mineralogy, grain sizes and color of the sediments at 6 m below sea floor (mbsf) at ODP Site 1195 on the Marion Plateau (NE Australia) are interpreted to reflect a major regional paleoceanographic change: the initiation of the southern province of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). The onset of this massive carbonate production centre nearby resulted primarily in increased deposition of carbonate-rich sediments of neritic origin. Both sedimentation rate and terrigenous input record a coincident decline attributed to inshore trapping of materials behind the reefs. Our best estimate places the development of reef framework in the southern part of the GBR between 560 and 670 kyr B.P., based on an age model combining magnetostratigraphic and biostratigraphic data. The proposed estimation agrees with previous studies reporting an age between 500 and 930 kyr B.P., constraining more tightly their results. However, it does not support research placing the birth of the GBR in Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 ( 400 kyr), nor the theory of a worldwide modern barrier reef development at that time.  相似文献   

Coupled-dynamic analysis of floating structures with polyester mooring lines   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Arcandra Tahar  M.H. Kim   《Ocean Engineering》2008,35(17-18):1676-1685

A theory and numerical tool are developed for the coupled-dynamic analysis of a deepwater floating platform with polyester mooring lines. The formulas allow relatively large elongation and nonlinear stress–strain relationships, as typically observed in polyester fibers. The mooring-line dynamics are based on a rod theory and the finite element method (FEM), with the governing equations described in a generalized coordinate system. The original rod theory [Nordgren, R.P., 1974. On Computation of the Motion of Elastic Rods. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 41, 777–780] is generalized to allow larger elongation and nonlinear stress–strain relationship. The dynamic modulus of polyester is modeled following an empirical regression formula suggested by [Bosman, R.L.M., Hooker, J., 1999. The Elastic Modulus Characteristic of Polyester Mooring Ropes. In: Proceedings of the Offshore Technology Conference, OTC 10779. Houston, Texas], in which the axial stiffness is not constant, but depends on loading conditions. Two case studies, the static and dynamic behavior of a tensioned buoy and a classic spar with polyester mooring lines, are conducted. The time-domain simulation results are systematically compared with those from the original rod theory. The effects of large elongation and nonlinear stress–strain relations are separately assessed. It is seen that the mean offset, motions, and tension with polyester lines can be different from those by original rod theory with linear elastic lines.  相似文献   

CBERS-02B星数据在“5·12”地震灾害监测中的应用——以唐家山堰塞湖动态监测为例     

王志一  甘甫平  李贤庆  孙瑜  王振坤 《国土资源遥感》2009,(1)

利用CBERS-02B星获取的多时相CCD数据,采用人机交互方式对唐家山堰塞湖进行水体信息提取,对湖泊面积变化进行统计分析,从而了解湖面的动态变化及发展趋势,为地质灾情评估与灾害防治提供了定量化依据.  相似文献   

High-sediment tolerance in the reef coral Turbinaria mesenterina from the inner Great Barrier Reef lagoon (Australia)     

Jeremy J. Sofonia  Kenneth R.N. Anthony   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,78(4):748-752

Sedimentation is an important stressor on coral reefs subjected to run-off, dredging and resuspension events. Reefs with a history of high-sediment loads tend to be dominated by a few tolerant coral species. A key question is whether such species live close to their tolerance thresholds or near their niche optima. Here, we analyse experimentally the sediment tolerance of a spatially dominant coral, Turbinaria mesenterina (Dendrophylliidae), at nearshore reefs in the central Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Testing was conducted in a 5-week tank experiment under manipulated sediment loading and flow conditions. Physiological stress was assessed based on the behaviour of three key response variables: skeletal growth rate, energy reserves (lipid content) and photosynthetic performance. Because sediment effects are likely to vary between flow regimes, sediment and flow responses were tested using a full factorial design. Sediment loads greater than 110 mg cm⁻² had no effect on any of the physiological variables, regardless of flow (0.7–24 cm s⁻¹). Turbinaria mesenterina is thus tolerant to sediment loads an order of magnitude higher than most severe sediment conditions in situ. Likely mechanisms for such tolerance are that: (1) colonies covered in sediment (60–120 μm) in low-flow were able to clear themselves rapidly (within 4–5 h); and (2) sediment provides a source of food. These results suggest that intensified sediment regimes on coastal reefs may shift coral communities towards dominance by a few well-adapted species.  相似文献   

Calculation of head difference at two sides of a cut-off barrier during excavation dewatering     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2017

This paper proposed a series of simple equations to calculate the head difference at the two sides of waterproof curtain. The barrier effect of waterproof curtain is considered from two situations with respect to without barrier case: (i) groundwater head difference below the barrier and (ii) groundwater head difference by convergence into the opening. The solution for the first situation can be derived from hydraulic analyses and the second situation can be obtained using a numerical analysis. The final groundwater head difference is the sum of these two situation according to the superposition principal. In the proposed equations, the head difference is expressed as a function of the inserted depth of the barrier into confined aquifer, the ratio of the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer, the thickness of the aquifer, and hydraulic gradient under normal conditions. Finally, the proposed equation was applied to a field case to verify the validity of the proposed approach. Compared with the field data, the results show that the proposed method is reasonable.  相似文献   

Landfill Barrier-Overview and Prospect     

Zheng Liange  Zhao Yongsheng 《世界地质(英文版)》2000,3(1)

Landfill is the primary method of waste disposal. The increasing attention focused on the effect of landfill on environment prompts the development of environmental sound landfill system. As the key parts of landfill, the barrier system can provide impermeabilization of leachate and prevent biogas from escaping intotheenvironment. In recent years, the technology pertaining the barrier system developed rapidly. In this paper, new materials used in liners and new concept of barrier construction are reviewed; the mechanisms of leachate through clay liner and geomembrane, the calculation of leaks through liner and the effect of freezing/thaw on liner are discussed.  相似文献   

Composition and textural variability along the 10 m isobath,Great Barrier Reef: Evidence for pervasive northward sediment transport     

A. Lambeck  K. J. Woolfe 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(2):327-335

Previous workers have proposed that northward‐directed bedload transport dominates the inner shelf of the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Results from a sediment sampling survey along the 10 m isobath between Bowen and Cape York reveal a series of northward trends of increasing sediment maturity and demonstrate pervasive north‐directed sediment transport interacting with a succession of sediment (fluvial) sources. South of the Tully River, the occurrence of limited compositional variability indicates significant mixing on the inner shelf. However, further north the data are highly variable, suggesting that sediment inputs from individual rivers may be retained relatively close to source. This may be related to a greater sediment trapping efficiency within northern embayments and/or by lower net rates of along‐shelf transport.  相似文献   

为什么自然界中超剪切破裂的地震是如此之少?     

朱守彪  崔泽飞 《地球物理学报》2022,65(1):51-66

超剪切破裂的地震由于比同震级的亚剪切地震造成更为严重的地震灾害,因而受到广泛重视.可是,自然界中超剪切破裂的地震数量极其稀少;到目前为止,全球只是发现了十几个超剪切破裂的震例.那么是哪些因素造成了超剪切破裂地震是如此之少?这个科学问题,至今未见前人有系统的分析和研究;为此,本文利用有限单元的计算方法,对触发产生超剪切破裂的几种常见力学因素进行定量分析.有限元模拟结果显示,地表作为触发产生超剪切破裂效率最高的因素,但当地表附近具有沉积层、未固结的断层泥等松软介质时,地表附近断层介质是由速度强化的摩擦本构关系所控制,此时亚剪切破裂无法转换为超剪切破裂,近地表的这层薄薄的摩擦速度强化层会有效抑制超剪切破裂的发生.此外,模拟结果还表明,断层上的障碍体、反凹凸体、断层阶区虽然可以促使亚剪切破裂转换为超剪切破裂,但在转化过程中,由于破裂出现时间上的停顿,这样整个断层上的破裂速度就被平均为亚剪切破裂,即远场地震台站接收的地震信息很可能无法辨别局部超剪切破裂的发生.若要产生一个目前可以识别的超剪切破裂地震事件,其条件十分苛刻,通常需要断层的长度足够长,断层几何要足够平直,初始应力水平要足够高,地表的摩擦速度强化层厚度要足够薄,近场要有足够多的地震台站,等.由此可见,上述这些因素导致了自然界中可以辨别的超剪切破裂地震非常稀少.本研究有助于我们深入理解超剪切破裂发生的力学机制,有助于我们更好地评估地震灾害.  相似文献   

Impact of barrier layer on typhoon-induced sea surface cooling   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

XiDong Wang  GuiJun Han  YiQuan Qi  Wei Li 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2011,52(3):367-385

Both Argo measurements and satellite sea surface temperature (SST) data revealed that there was less-than-usual surface cooling during the passage of typhoons Kaemi and Cimaron in the tropical Northwest Pacific. In the present study, it is found that SST cooling induced by typhoon can be greatly suppressed by a barrier layer with a thickness of 5–15 m. Such a barrier layer could reduce the entrainment cooling by 0.4–0.8 °C/d during typhoon passage, according to a diagnostic mixed layer model. The pre-existing barrier layer leads to a reduction in typhoon-induced surface cooling, and favors typhoon development. The average SST anomaly under barrier layer condition is 0.4–0.8 °C less than that under no-barrier-layer condition. Due to the reduced cooling, the available maximum potential intensity (MPI) under barrier layer condition are higher 6 and 9.34 m/s than those under no-barrier-layer condition according to SST-dependent MPI formulation for Kaemi and Cimaron. In addition, the results from Price–Weller–Pinkel (PWP) model indicate that stratification due to salinity may significantly influence both entrainment and the upper ocean heat content during typhoon passage in the tropical Northwest Pacific.  相似文献   

A mathematical model of spit growth and barrier elongation: Application to Fire Island Inlet (USA) and Badreveln Spit (Sweden)     

Le Xuan Hoan  Hans Hanson  Magnus Larson  Shigeru Kato 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

A mathematical model of spit growth and barrier elongation adjacent to an inlet (of arbitrary width), supplied by sediment coming from longshore sediment transport, was developed based on the spit growth model proposed by Kraus (1999). The fundamental governing equation is the conservation equation for sand, where the width of the spit is assumed constant during growth. The portion of the longshore sediment transport feeding the spit has been estimated based on the ratio between the depth of the inlet channel and the depth of active longshore transport. Sediment transport from the channel due to the inlet flow, as well as other sinks of sand (e.g., dredging), are taken into account. Measured data on spit elongation at Fire Island Inlet, United States, and at Badreveln Spit, Sweden, were used to validate the model. The simulated results agree well with the measured data at both study sites, where spit growth at Fire Island was restricted by the inlet flow and the growth at Badreveln Spit was unrestricted. The model calculation for Fire Island Inlet indicates that the dredging to maintain channel navigation is the major reason for the stable period observed from 1954 to 1994 at the Fire Island barrier. The average annual net longshore transport rate at the eastern side of the Fire Island inlet obtained in this study was about 220,000 m³/yr, of which approximately 165,000 m³/yr (75% of the net longshore transport) is deposited in the inlet feeding the spit growth, whereas the remaining portion (25%) is bypassed downdrift through the ebb shoal complex.  相似文献