Organic carbon and nitrogen isotopes in surface sediments from the western Arctic Ocean and their implications for sedimentary environments   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

CHEN Zhihu  SHI Xuef  CAI Deling  HAN Yibing  YANG Zuosheng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2006,25(5):39-54

1 IntroductionFor several reasons, the Arctic Ocean and itsmarginal seas are key areas for understanding ocean-ic circulation and global climate system ( Clark,1982; Hansen et al., 1983; Walsh et al., 1996;Overpeck et al., 1997). First, the Arctic Ocean i…  相似文献   

Dissolved silica concentrations and reactions in pore waters from continental slope sediments offshore from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, USA     

Joan D. Willey  Arthur J. Spivack 《Marine Chemistry》1997,56(3-4)

The pore water concentrations of dissolved silica in sediment cores from the continental slope offshore from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, varied from 150 to almost 700 μ,M with depth in the top 40 cm of sediment. Sediment cores from 630 to 2010 m depth had very similar profiles of dissolved silica in their pore waters, even though these cores came from regions greatly different in slope, topography, sedimentation rate, and abundance of benthic macrofauna. Cores from 474 to 525 m were more variable, both with respect to pore water dissolved silica profiles, and with respect to sediment texture. Experiments indicate that both the rate of dissolution of silica and the saturation concentration decrease as sediment depth below the sediment-seawater interface increases. These data are consistent with depletion of a reactive silica phase in surface sediment, which may be radiolarian tests, or the alteration of biogenic silica to a less reactive form over time. Experimental results suggest that the pore water dissolved silica concentration in sediments below the top few centimeters may be higher than the sediments could now achieve. The flux of dissolved silica out of these sediments is estimated to be 15 μmoles cm⁻² yr⁻¹.  相似文献   

Opal and chalcedony speleothems on quartz sandstones in the Sydney region,southeastern Australia     

R. A. L. Wray 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4):623-632

Speleothems of silica are far rarer than those of calcite but occur in a range of types including stalactites, stalagmites and flowstones. This study has found a wider range and far greater number of silica speleothems on the quartz sandstones of the Sydney region than the small number of previous accounts had suggested. Speleothems on the Sydney region sandstones are composed of multiple layers of amorphous opal‐A and cryptocrystalline chalcedony. Silica slowly dissolved from detrital and diagenetic quartz and kaolinite clays of the host arenites is redeposited as opal‐A at the sandstone surface when groundwater evaporates. This amorphous silica converts over time by Ostwald‐type paragenesis to the cryptocrystalline form, but the expected intermediate opal‐CT phase has not been detected. The crystallisation of chalcedony at earth‐surface temperatures is generally believed to take an extremely long time and its presence makes these speleothems very significant, especially as it is reported in only a small number of silica speleothems elsewhere. Furthermore, a similar paragenetic silica‐‘ripening’ mechanism may also be involved in the low‐temperature earth‐surface formation of other crystalline silica deposits such as silcrete duricrusts and pedogenic quartz. Additional closely coupled laboratory and field investigations into the processes that control silica paragenesis under earth‐surface conditions are sorely needed.  相似文献   

南黄海生物硅的时空变化     

张丹  鉴珊  孙军  冷晓云  张桂成 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(12):101-110

Concentrations of biogenic silica(BSi) in the southern Yellow Sea were determined during four cruises(spring:April–May 2014; autumn: November 2014; summer: August–September 2015; winter: January 2016). Samples of BSi were measured using the double extraction method. Seasonal and spatial variations of BSi and the potential correlation between chlorophyll a(Chl a) content and BSi in four seasons were measured in this study. Significant spatial variability was observed in seawater BSi concentrations. The average concentration of BSi was highest in winter and lowest in spring. Furthermore, the relationships between concentrations of BSi and hydrological parameters were also discussed. There was a significant positive correlation between Chl a and BSi. The concentrations of BSi showed significant relationships with temperature and the concentrations of silicates, total inorganic nitrogen and total inorganic phosphorus, indicating that distribution of BSi was affected by temperature and nutrient level.  相似文献   

东印度洋近20 ka以来的生物硅记录及其古生产力意义     

徐勇航  王亮  赖志坤  徐晓辉  王凤  刘升发  石学法  TROA Rainer Arief  ZURAIDA Rin  TRIARSO Eko  HENDRIZAN Marfasran 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(1):78-84

通过对东印度洋钻孔CJ01-185的生物硅来探讨东印度洋古生产力的变化和古气候演化的响应。CJ01-185钻孔的生物硅含量在末次冰期最低，为0.86%；而到了全新世晚期生物硅含量达到1.89%。全新世晚期生物硅的堆积速率明显大于末次冰期。随着全新世海平面的快速上升，巽他海峡贯通，来自爪哇海的陆源物质输入到东印度洋，导致全新世的生物硅含量和生物硅的堆积速率增加。研究表明：巽他海峡贯通前，研究区的古生产力主要受东南季风变化和上升流的活动影响；而巽他海峡贯通后，古生产力很明显受到陆源物质输入的控制，东南季风变化和上升流的影响较弱。  相似文献   

Potential deposition of biogenic silica source sediment in the Paleo-Yangtze Grand Underwater Delta estimated with satellite remote sensing     

Dingtian Yang  Xiaoqing Yin 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(2):245-252

Biogenic silica sediment constitutes one of the critical sources of particle income in the oceans. In this paper, satellite remote sensing of primary production, sinking flux, and molar ratio of Si/C were utilized to elucidate potential biogenic silica sediment in the Paleo-Yangtze Grand Underwater Delta. Primary production retrieval showed that daily primary production in the Paleo-Yangtze Grand Delta was 3.3–10.8?Mt?d^?1, with 5.8?Mt?d^?1 on average. Sinking flux, retrieved with in situ observations and satellite remote sensing, was within the range of 109–657?mg?Cm^?2?d^?1, or about 23% of total primary production, on average. A molar ratio of Si/C of 0.11–0.45 interval was used in the area, for the Paleo-Yangtze Grand Delta was similar to coastal water and affected by many factors. Considering that phytoplankton in the Paleo-Yangtze Grand Underwater Delta is mainly diatom (80% on average), about 0.21–0.88 billion tons of biogenic silica source sediment is produced in the area annually. With the reduction of land source sediment occurring in recent years in the area, biogenic silica sediment may be one of the dominant sediment sources for maintaining the future stability of the Paleo-Yangtze Grand Underwater Delta.  相似文献   

Tidal exchange between a freshwater tidal marsh and an impacted estuary: the Scheldt estuary, Belgium   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stefan Van Damme  Dehairs Frank  Tackx Micky  Beauchard Olivier  Struyf Eric  Gribsholt Britta  Van Cleemput Oswald  Meire Patrick 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,85(2):197-207

Tidal marsh exchange studies are relatively simple tools to investigate the interaction between tidal marshes and estuaries. They have mostly been confined to only a few elements and to saltwater or brackish systems. This study presents mass-balance results of an integrated one year campaign in a freshwater tidal marsh along the Scheldt estuary (Belgium), covering oxygen, nutrients (N, P and Si), carbon, chlorophyll, suspended matter, chloride and sulfate. The role of seepage from the marsh was also investigated. A ranking between the parameters revealed that oxygenation was the strongest effect of the marsh on the estuarine water. Particulate parameters showed overall import. Export of dissolved silica (DSi) was more important than exchange of any other nutrient form. Export of DSi and import of total dissolved nitrogen (DIN) nevertheless contributed about equally to the increase of the Si:N ratio in the seepage water. The marsh had a counteracting effect on the long term trend of nutrient ratios in the estuary.  相似文献   

Run‐off formation in a humid,temperate headwater catchment using a combined hydrological,hydrochemical and isotopic approach (Jizera Mountains,Czech Republic)          下载免费PDF全文

M. Šanda  T. Vitvar  A. Kulasová  J. Jankovec  M. Císlerová 《水文研究》2014,28(8):3217-3229

The formation of baseflow and stormflow was examined in the 1.18 km² part of the headwater catchment Uhlí?ská, Jizera Mountains, Czech Republic, over the period 2007–2011, by means of run‐off data and environmental tracers ¹⁸O and SiO₂. The baseflow, computed using the digital filter approach BFLOW, contributes 67% to total streamflow and has a mean residence time of 12.3 months. It is formed by groundwater discharge from the valley deluviofluvial granitic sediments, in combination with soil water in weathered layers on hillslopes during rainfall and snowmelt periods. The prevailing source of the groundwater is the infiltration of snowmelt water. Analysis of 20 run‐off events and their hysteretic patterns demonstrated that the stormflow water has a residence time of about 4 months and is generated by preferential flow on hillslopes combined by soil matrix drainage. Because of slower flow in the soil matrix, the enrichment of pore water in SiO₂ is more pronounced. The stormflow and snowmelt water flowing via preferential pathways of upslope minerals soils pushes the pre‐event groundwater through the pathways in wetlands to the stream, and the wetland can be therefore considered as groundwater supplied. This mechanism has been found to be typical for the groundwater‐supplied headwater catchments of the Jizera Mountains and can be also assumed in other mountainous headwaters of the granitic massif in Central Europe. The main methodological contribution of this study are the residence time calculations stratified by baseflow and event flow, identifying run‐off components of different travel times to streams and linking them with geochemical run‐off sources. This achievement was possible because of a comprehensive dataset on hydrology, stable isotopes and silica hydrochemistry in all relevant run‐off generation components. This concept indicates that a possible long‐term change in snowmelt may affect the run‐off regime of headwater catchments to climate or land‐use changes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

全球海洋硅循环及研究中面临的主要挑战     

朱东栋  Jill N.SUTTON  Aude LEYNAERT  Paul J.TREGUER  刘素美 《地学前缘》2022,29(5):47-58

海洋硅循环是海洋生物地球化学循环的关键过程之一,对调控全球二氧化碳浓度、海洋酸碱度和多种元素(氮、磷、铁、铝等)的循环具有重要作用。在当今气候变化和人类活动影响日益增强的背景下,硅循环与“生物泵”及碳循环的紧密联系,是其成为地球科学领域研究热点的主要原因。海洋中硅的外部来源主要为河流、地下水、大气沉降、海底玄武岩风化作用和海底热液输送5个途径,在全球气温变暖趋势的影响下,极地冰川融化成为高纬度海域不可忽视的硅源。生物硅在沉积物中的埋藏、硅质海绵和生物硅的反风化作用是重要的海洋硅移除过程。海洋硅循环过程复杂,受生物(生物吸收、降解)、物理(吸附、溶解)和化学(矿化分解和反风化作用)多重因素的影响,针对海洋硅循环关键过程的研究有助于综合评估海洋硅的“源-汇”和收支。本文总结了海洋硅循环的主要过程及海洋硅的收支,根据国际和国内研究现状讨论了当前海洋硅循环研究中面临的主要问题和挑战。现有研究成果显示,海洋硅的外源输入和输出通量比以往的评估分别增加了2.4和2.2倍。在短时间尺度内(<8 ka),全球海洋中硅的收支大致平衡,海洋硅循环基本处于稳定状态。气候变化和人类活动导致河流输送至陆架边缘海的硅通量发生变化,可能影响硅藻等海洋浮游植物种群结构,是未来海洋硅循环研究需要关注的问题之一。陆架边缘海较高沉积速率和强烈的反风化作用提高了该区域生物硅的埋藏效率,准确评估该区域生物硅的埋藏通量仍是亟须解决的难题。目前的研究评估了全球海洋浮游硅藻、硅质海绵以及放射虫生产力,而海洋底栖硅藻生产力的贡献受到忽视,未来需要关注底栖硅藻对生物硅的贡献及其在海洋硅的生物地球化学过程中的作用。  相似文献   

辽-蒙交界地区晚侏罗世高硅花岗岩:岩石成因与地质意义     

杨智荔  张晓晖  袁玲玲 《岩石学报》2021,37(4):1061-1081

高硅(SiO_2 70%)花岗岩不仅是指示大陆地壳成熟度的重要标志,而且蕴含大陆地壳分异机制和稀有金属元素运移行为的关键信息。跨越辽宁-内蒙古两地分布的白音花岩基是沿华北克拉通与中亚造山带边界断裂带侵位的重要的中生代高硅花岗岩,但其形成时代和岩石地球化学特征一直缺乏系统刻画。本次离子探针(SIMS)锆石U-Pb测年指示该花岗岩岩基于晚侏罗世(162～161Ma)侵位。岩体SiO_2含量介于75.7%～77.3%;钙碱性、贫铁镁、弱过铝;富集Th与U,亏损Ba与Sr;稀土元素总量较低(∑REE=40.2×10-6～117×10~(-6)),Eu负异常明显; Zr/Hf和Nb/Ta分异显著;这些特征契合高分异I型花岗岩的典型元素地球化学行为。同时,白音花花岗岩具有低负的ε_(Nd)(t)值(-3.5～-2.6)以及低正的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值(+0.1～+5.9)。元素与同位素地球化学示踪指示白音花花岗岩可能源自由中亚造山带型新生安山质地壳与少量古老地壳组成的复合源区,其部分熔融生成的原始酸性岩浆经历结晶分异形成高硅花岗岩。作为记录华北克拉通/中亚造山带边界断裂带晚侏罗世走滑/伸展活动的非造山型钉合岩体,白音花高硅花岗岩见证了蒙古-华北板块有别于早白垩世大规模上地壳伸展构造的中晚侏罗世区域弥散状中下地壳伸展行为。中晚侏罗世和早白垩世两段式地壳伸展轨迹不仅契合蒙古-鄂霍茨克构造域造山后重力垮塌过程,而且是促使新晋蒙古-华北板块大陆地壳垂向分异-成熟的高效途径。  相似文献