Using multi-polarization C- and L-band synthetic aperture radar to estimate biomass and soil moisture of wheat fields     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2017

Biomass and soil moisture are two important parameters for agricultural crop monitoring and yield estimation. In this study, the Water Cloud Model (WCM) was coupled with the Ulaby soil moisture model to estimate both biomass and soil moisture for spring wheat fields in a test site in western Canada. This study exploited both C-band (RADARSAT-2) and L-band (UAVSAR) Synthetic Aperture Radars (SARs) for this purpose. The WCM-Ulaby model was calibrated for three polarizations (HH, VV and HV). Subsequently two of these three polarizations were used as inputs to an inversion procedure, to retrieve either soil moisture or biomass without the need for any ancillary data. The model was calibrated for total canopy biomass, the biomass of only the wheat heads, as well as for different wheat growth stages. This resulted in a calibrated WCM-Ulaby model for each sensor-polarization-phenology-biomass combination. Validation of model retrievals led to promising results. RADARSAT-2 (HH-HV) estimated total wheat biomass with root mean square (RMSE) and mean average (MAE) errors of 78.834 g/m² and 58.438 g/m²; soil moisture with errors of 0.078 m³/m³ (RMSE) and 0.065 m³/m³ (MAE) are reported. During the period of crop ripening, L-band estimates of soil moisture had accuracies of 0.064 m³/m³ (RMSE) and 0.057 m³/m³ (MAE). RADARSAT-2 (VV-HV) produced interesting results for retrieval of the biomass of the wheat heads. In this particular case, the biomass of the heads was estimated with accuracies of 38.757 g/m² (RSME) and 33.152 g/m² (MAE). For wider implementation this model will require additional data to strengthen the model accuracy and confirm estimation performance. Nevertheless this study encourages further research given the importance of wheat as a global commodity, the challenge of cloud cover in optical monitoring and the potential of direct estimation of the weight of heads where wheat production lies.  相似文献   

Bottom ash of trees from Cameroon as fertilizer     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

Utilization of wood bottom ash as fertilizer additive contributes to the return of valuable nutrients to agricultural soils, especially when no artificial mineral fertilizer is being used. In general, wood combustion ash is enriched in calcium and potash, and may also contain elevated amounts of zinc, but the concentrations of these elements depend on tree species, part of the tree, harvest season and local soil type. In this study, bottom ash samples from eight different agricultural wood species from Cameroon, Africa were investigated by using X-ray diffraction and atomic absorption spectroscopy to determine the refractory components and the concentrations of selected heavy metals and arsenic. Results show calcite, potassium salts, periclase and quartz as major components. These phase contents were used to calculate major element concentrations, which were subsequently validated by X-ray-fluorescence analysis. The chemical compositions varied within the range of common compositions of wood ashes. Six of the ashes reached sufficient concentrations of calcium to be defined as a “calcium fertilizer”. Pb contents are most variable, ranging from 0.03 to 21.1 mg/kg. Concentrations of Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and As are all lower than the strictest limit concentrations required for wood ash fertilizers and therefore, the studied wood ashes can be used without environmental concern.  相似文献   

沙化土地遥感评价方法   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

龙晶 《国土资源遥感》2005,16(1):17-19

 应用遥感数据,通过建立线性回归模型,进行沙化土地评价因子的反演,并以地面调查为基础进行遥感评价方法研究,探讨 遥感技术在沙化土地评价中应用的有效途径。  相似文献   

The growth dynamics of Karenia brevis within discrete blooms on the West Florida Shelf     

D.G. Redalje  S.E. Lohrenz  M.J. Natter  M.D. Tuel  G.J. Kirkpatrick  D.F. Millie  G.L. Fahnenstiel  F.M. Van Dolah 《Continental Shelf Research》2008

As part of the ECOHAB: Florida Program, we studied three large blooms of the harmful bloom forming dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. These blooms formed on the West Florida Shelf during Fall of 2000 off Panama City, and during Fall 2001 and Fall 2002 off the coastline between Tampa Bay and Charlotte Harbor. We suggest that these blooms represent two different stages of development, with the 2000 and 2001 blooms in an active growth or maintenance phase and the 2002 bloom in the early bloom initiation phase. Each bloom was highly productive with vertically integrated primary production values of 0.47–0.61, 0.39–1.33 and 0.65 g C m⁻² d⁻¹ for the 2000, 2001 and 2002 K. brevis blooms, respectively. Carbon specific growth rates were low during each of these blooms with values remaining fairly uniform with depth corresponding to generation times of 3–5 days. Nitrogen assimilation by K. brevis was highest during 2001 with values ranging from 0.15 to 2.14 μmol N L⁻¹ d⁻¹ and lower generally for 2000 and 2002 (0.01–0.64 and 0.66–0.76 μmol N L⁻¹ d⁻¹ for 2000 and 2002, respectively). The highest K. brevis cell densities occurred during the 2001 bloom and ranged from 400 to 800 cells mL⁻¹. Cell densities were lower for each of the 2000 and 2002 blooms relative to those for 2001 with densities ranging from 100 to 500 cells mL⁻¹. The 2000 and 2001 blooms were dominated by K. brevis in terms of its contribution to the total chlorophyll a (chl a) pool with K. brevis accounting generally for >70% of the observed chl a. For those populations that were dominated by K. brevis (e.g. 2000 and 2001), phytoplankton C biomass (C_p,0) constituted <30% of the total particulate organic carbon (POC). However, in 2002 when diatoms and K. brevis each contributed about the same to the total chl a, C_p,0 was >72% of the POC. The fraction of the total chl a that could be attributed to K. brevis was most highly correlated with POC, chl a and salinity. Nitrogen assimilation rate and primary production were highly correlated with a greater correlation coefficient than all other comparisons.  相似文献   

盘锦湿地芦苇群落生物量动态特征研究   总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15       下载免费PDF全文

贾庆宇  周莉  谢艳兵  周广胜 《气象与环境学报》2006,22(4):25-29

基于2005年4～9月盘锦湿地芦苇生态系统的观测资料,分析了盘锦湿地优势植物芦苇的群落学特性。结果表明:地上生物量峰值出现在7月,4～7月茎重与叶重呈显著的正相关;地下生物量存在明显的季节和垂直变化,其中0～30 cm的芦苇须根最大值出现在7月,根茎最大值出现在6月,30～40 cm深度为生物量变化在垂直剖面的分界线;根冠比以7月为最低,分层营养物质在30 cm以下积累。  相似文献   

辽宁农村生物质气化技术应用研究          下载免费PDF全文

韩菲  王延松  蔡春丽 《气象与环境学报》2006,22(2):22-25

介绍了我国生物质资源利用的现状及发展趋势,对辽宁生物质资源利用的必要性进行了分析,推介了炭气两用生物质气化应用技术,分析了单例气化站的运行经济性,预计应用生物质气化技术可产生明显的生态、经济和社会效益。  相似文献   

Interactive influence of water level,sediment heterogeneity,and plant density on the growth performance and root characteristics of Carex brevicuspis     

《Limnologica》2017

Water level, sediment heterogeneity, and plant density are important factors that determine plant growth, distribution, and community structure. In the present study, we investigated the effects of these factors on the growth and root characteristics of Carex brevicuspis. We conducted an outdoor experiment to monitor biomass accumulation and allocation, relative root distribution mass ratio, longest root length, and total N and P contents of C. brevicuspis plants. We used a factorial design with two water levels (0 cm and −15 cm relative to the soil surface, named high and low water level treatments, respectively), three sediment types (sand/clay sediment with 0–15 cm of sand and 15–30 cm of clay; mixed sediment with 0–30 cm mixture of sand and clay with 1:1 volumw ratio; and clay/sand sediment with 0–15 cm of clay and 15–30 cm of sand), and three plant densities (88 plants per m², 354 plants per m², and 708 plants per m²). Biomass accumulation decreased with increasing plant density and was significantly higher in the low water level and the clay/sand sediment than in the high water level and the other two sediment types. The shoot:root ratio was markedly higher in the high water level than in the low water level and decreased with increasing plant density; further, in the high water level, it was significantly lower in the sand/clay sediment than in the other two sediment types. The relative root distribution mass ratio was markedly higher in the high water level treatments than in the low water level treatments. Further, in the high water level treatments, the relative root distribution mass ratio increased with increasing plant density in the clay/sand sediment and was lower in the sand/clay sediment than in the other two sediment types. The longest root length was significantly lower in the high water level than in the low water level and increased with increasing plant density in the sand/clay sediment in the high water level. Total N content in the plants was influenced only by sediment type; on the other hand, total P content was markedly higher in the high water level than in the low water level. Our data indicate that growth of C. brevicuspis was limited by higher water level, higher density and sand/clay sediment. Plants can increase shoot:root ratio and develop shallow root system to acclimate to high water level and thus could adjust shoot:root ratio and root characteristics, e.g. decrease their shoot:root ratio and allocating more root and increasing root length to the nutrient rich layer to acclimate to conditions of higher density and sediment heterogeneity.  相似文献   

Use of local and global maps of forest canopy height and aboveground biomass to enhance local estimates of biomass in miombo woodlands in Tanzania     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Field surveys are often a primary source of aboveground biomass (AGB) data, but plot-based estimates of parameters related to AGB are often not sufficiently precise, particularly not in tropical countries. Remotely sensed data may complement field data and thus help to increase the precision of estimates and circumvent some of the problems with missing sample observations in inaccessible areas. Here, we report the results of a study conducted in a 15,867 km² area in the dry miombo woodlands of Tanzania, to quantify the contribution of existing canopy height and biomass maps to improving the precision of canopy height and AGB estimates locally. A local and a global height map and three global biomass maps, and a probability sample of 513 inventory plots were subject to analysis. Model-assisted sampling estimators were used to estimate mean height and AGB across the study area using the original maps and then with the maps calibrated with local inventory plots. Large systematic map errors – positive or negative – were found for all the maps, with systematic errors as great as 60–70 %. After being calibrated locally, the maps contributed substantially to increasing the precision of both mean height and mean AGB estimates, with relative efficiencies (variance of the field-based estimates relative to the variance of the map-assisted estimates) of 1.3–2.7 for the overall estimates. The study, although focused on a relatively small area of dry tropical forests, illustrates the potential strengths and weaknesses of existing global forest height and biomass maps based on remotely sensed data and universal prediction models. Our results suggest that the use of regional or local inventory data for calibration can substantially increase the precision of map-based estimates and their applications in assessing forest carbon stocks for emission reduction programs and policy and financial decisions.  相似文献   

湿地植被成象光谱遥感研究   总被引：56，自引：5，他引：56  

童庆禧  郑兰芬  王晋年  王向军  董卫东  胡远满  党顺行 《遥感学报》1997,1(1):50-57,82-83,85

该文论述了成象光谱信息在鄱阳湖湿地进行植被光谱识别分类与生物量制图的部分研究结果，研究如何从高光谱分析图象上有效地定量提取植被生长物理参量以及湿植被类型识别，包括（１）基地多高度大气订正后的反射率图像获取；（２）导数光谱分析与生物量制图；（３）基于光谱波形匹配的湿地植被分类，识别。  相似文献   

Adsorption of Thallium(I) Ions Using Eucalyptus Leaves Powder     

Hossein Dashti Khavidaki  Hossein Aghaie 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2013,41(7):673-679

Using batch method, the adsorption of thallium(I) ions from aqueous solutions on eucalyptus leaves powder, as a low cost adsorbent, was studied. The effect of various modification of considered adsorbent on the adsorption percentage of Tl(I) is an important feature of this study. The results showed that the unmodified and acidic modified adsorbent are the poor adsorbents for the Tl(I) ions while basic modified adsorbent is a suitable adsorbent. Also, the effect of some experimental conditions such as solution initial pH, agitation speed, contact time, sorbent dosage, temperature, particle size, and thallium initial concentration was studied. The results showed that the adsorption percentage depends on the conditions and the process is strongly pH‐dependent. The satisfactory adsorption percentage of Tl(I) ions, 81.5%, obtained at 25 ± 1°C. The equilibrium data agreed fairly better with Langmuir isotherm than Freundlich and Temkin models. The value of q_m that was obtained by extrapolation method is 80.65 mg g^?1. Separation factor values, R_L, showed that eucalyptus leaves powder is favorable for the sorption of Tl(I). The negative values of ΔH⁰ and ΔS⁰ showed that the Tl(I) sorption is an exothermic process and along with decrease of randomness at the solid–solution interface during sorption, respectively.  相似文献