基于微卫星标记的洞庭青鲫与三个鲫品系群体遗传多样性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘良国  陈海康  许倩  杨品红  谢春华  李梦军 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(3):647-654

选取12个微卫星标记对洞庭青鲫(Carassius auratus var.Dongtingking)、野生二倍体和三倍体鲫(C.auratus)、彭泽鲫(C.auratus var.pengzesis)4个鲫品系群体进行遗传多样性检测。在12个基因座位中,共检测出78个等位基因,其中14个为共有等位基因;每个座位检测到等位基因4—12个,平均等位基因数6.58个;4个鲫品系群体的平均观测杂合度(Ho)分别为0.633、0.750、0.800、0.717;平均期望杂合度(He)分别为0.502、0.713、0.757、0.602;平均多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.364、0.599、0.637、0.470。上述结果表明,野生二倍体和三倍体鲫的遗传多样性较为丰富,以三倍体鲫的遗传多样性为最高;而洞庭青鲫和彭泽鲫养殖群体存在杂合度降低,遗传多样性下降的现象,以洞庭青鲫的遗传多样性为最低。基于遗传距离构建的UPGMA聚类树表明,洞庭青鲫与彭泽鲫两个养殖群体聚为一支,而二倍体与三倍体野鲫群体聚为另一支,说明洞庭青鲫与彭泽鲫之间亲缘关系较近,野生二倍体与三倍体鲫之间的亲缘关系较近。研究不同倍性鲫品系的遗传多样性,对于探讨鲫的多倍体起源演化以及鲫品系的种质资源保护和选育种实践具有重要意义。  相似文献   

条斑紫菜单孢子的研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

梅俊学  费修绠  王斌 《海洋与湖沼》2001,32(4):402-407

研究了条斑紫菜不同栽培品系间在单孢子形成方面的差异，并采用RAPD方法研究了它们之间的遗传距离，还研究了温度、藻体不同发育时期、干出对单孢子形成的影响，结果表明，产生单包子多的品系与单孢子少的品系间遗传距离较远，单孢子多的品系间、单孢子少的品系间遗传距离都较近；室内培养环境能够形成单孢子的最低水温高于自然海区；大于几十个细胞的藻体在合适的温度下可以持续形成单孢子，一直到藻体成熟；在成熟的藻体上仍有单孢子放散，但大量的果胞也可以以与单孢子相同的方式放散并萌发成苗，干出对单孢子的产生没有明显的影响。  相似文献   

A rigorous semi‐analytical solution for undrained cylindrical cavity expansion in critical state soils          下载免费PDF全文

Apostolos Vrakas 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2016,40(15):2137-2160

This paper presents a generalized, rigorous and simple large strain solution for the undrained expansion of a vertical cylindrical cavity in critical state soils using a rate‐based plasticity formulation: the initial stress field is taken as anisotropic, that is with horizontal stresses that differ from the vertical stress, and the soil is assumed to satisfy any two‐invariant constitutive model from the critical state (Cam‐clay) family; no simplifying assumption is made during the mathematical derivation; calculating the effective stresses around the cavity requires the solution of a nonlinear equation by means of the Newton–Raphson method in combination with quadrature. Cavity expansion curves and stress distributions in the soil are then presented for different critical state models (including the modified Cam‐clay model). The solution derived can be useful for estimating the instantaneous response of saturated low‐permeability soils around piles and self‐boring pressuremeters and can serve as trustworthy benchmark for numerical analysis codes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Solution of quasi‐static large‐strain problems by the material point method     

L. Beuth  P. A. Vermeer 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2011,35(13):1451-1465

A procedure for solving quasi‐static large‐strain problems by the material point method is presented. Owing to the Lagrangian–Eulerian features of the method, problems associated with excessive mesh distortions that develop in the Lagrangian formulations of the finite element method are avoided. Three‐dimensional problems are solved utilizing 15‐noded prismatic and 10‐noded tetrahedral elements with quadratic interpolation functions as well as an implicit integration scheme. An algorithm for exploiting the numerical integration procedure on the computational mesh is proposed. Several numerical examples are shown. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Application of the exact constitutive relationship of modified Cam clay to the undrained expansion of a spherical cavity     

Vincenzo Silvestri  Ghassan Abou‐Samra 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2011,35(1):53-66

The modified Cam clay (MCC) model is used to study the response of virgin‐compressed clay subjected to undrained triaxial compression. The MCC constitutive relationship is obtained in a closed form. Both elastic and plastic deviatoric strains are considered in the analysis. The solution allows to obtain total and effective stress paths followed by the clay in undrained spherical expansion. Pore water pressures are determined from the difference between total and effective mean stresses. For illustration purposes, the analysis is also applied to the well‐known reconstituted normally consolidated London clay and the results are compared with the recently published data obtained by a numerical approach. In addition, the Almansi large strains are used in the analysis, as these allow to obtain limit expansion and pore pressures, whereas both small‐strain and logarithmic‐strain approaches do not permit to determine them. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Source of and potential bio-indicator for the heavy metal pollution in Ny-(A)lesund, Arctic     

Wang Xiaofei  Yuan Linxi  Luo Honghao  Long Nanye  Wang Yuhong  Sun Liguang 《极地研究(英文版)》2007,18(2)

Three kinds of tundra plant samples including Dicranum angnstum(a type of boreal bryophyte) , PuccineUia phryganodes (a type of fringy p/ant),Salix polaris (a type of vascular plant) and surface soil were samples in 200 at Ny-Alesund of the Arctic.The levels of eight heavy metal elements (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe and Mn) and three metal-like dements (As, Se, Sr) in the plant and soil samples of the areas within previous coal mining activities are significantly higher than those of other areas.The relative accumulation of these elements in these tundra plant samples is consistent with the one in the soft samples, especially in the areas affected by previous coal-mining activities.Thus, the pollution is apparently from local coal mining activity.Dicranum angustum has the highest concentrations among those elements, and it can be a good bio-indicator for heavy metal pollution in Ny(A)lesund.Though Ny(A)lesund is less polluted by heavy metal than nearby Northern European human living areas, but much more than the tundras of the Alaska, Greenland and the Antarctic.  相似文献   

中尺度暴雨集合预报系统研发中的初值扰动试验   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

李俊  杜钧  王明欢  崔春光 《高原气象》2009,28(6):1365-1375

针对2006年5月24～25日一次暴雨过程, 通过一系列初值扰动试验探讨实际业务中建立集合预报系统的方法。运用45 km的WRF模式构建一个11个成员的集合预报系统来比较分析不同的扰动方案、 扰动的空间结构和扰动振幅对集合预报的影响, 结果表明： （1）初值扰动的空间结构对暴雨集合预报的离散度影响很关键, 而扰动振幅的影响却居次要地位。具有动力学结构的孵化扰动明显优于随机扰动。（2）集合预报比单一控制预报提供了更有价值的预报信息。例如在该个例控制预报中漏报的湖北监利强降水中心, 在集合预报中有20%的概率, 并且实况被包含在集合预报的预报范围之中。集合平均预报也明显优于控制预报\.例如矫正了在控制预报中明显虚报的鄂东北的大暴雨中心, 且集合平均预报的暴雨中心落在实际观测暴雨中心的附近。（3）集合离散度较好地反映了实际降水过程的可预报性。例如应用孵化扰动, 其离散度的空间结构同降水预报误差的空间分布大致对应。  相似文献   

A coupled hydromechanical system defined through rock mass classification schemes     

J. Liu  D. Elsworth  B. H. Brady 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1999,23(15):1945-1960

Changes in the hydraulic conductivity field, resulting from the redistribution of stresses in fractured rock masses, are difficult to characterize due to complex nature of the coupled hydromechanical processes. A methodology is developed to predict the distributed hydraulic conductivity field based on the original undisturbed parameters of hydraulic conductivity, Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Rock Quality Designation (RQD), and additionally the induced strains. The most obvious advantage of the methodology is that these required parameters are minimal and are readily available in practice. The incorporation of RMR and RQD, both of which have been applied to design in rock engineering for decades, enables the stress-dependent hydraulic conductivity field to be represented for a whole spectrum of rock masses. Knowledge of the RQD, together with the original hydraulic conductivity, is applied to determine the effective porosity for the fractured media. When RQD approaches zero, the rock mass is highly fractured, and fracture permeability will be relatively high. When RQD approaches 100, the degree of fracturing is minimal, and secondary porosity and secondary permeability will be low. These values bound the possible ranges in hydraulic behaviour of the secondary porosity within the system. RMR may also be applied to determine the scale effect of elastic modulus. As RMR approaches 100, the ‘softening’ effect of fractures is a minimum and results in the smallest strain-induced change in the hydraulic conductivity because the induced strain is uniformly distributed between fractures and matrix. When RMR approaches zero, the laboratory modulus must be reduced significantly in order to represent the rock mass. This results in the largest possible change in the hydraulic conductivity because the induced strain is applied entirely to the fracture system. These values of RMR bound the possible ranges in mechanical behaviour of the system. The mechanical system is coupled with the hydraulic system by two empirical parameters, RQD and RMR. The methodology has been applied to a circular underground excavation and to qualitatively explain the in situ experimental results of the macropermeability test in the drift at Stripa. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

角毛藻属(7株)总脂含量及脂肪酸组成的比较研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

梁英  麦康森  孙世春 《海洋湖沼通报》2000,(3):29-33

在温度为25±1°C,盐度为28的条件下,用F/2培养基对七株角毛藻(Chaetocerosspp.)进行培养.在指数生长期末期进行收获.测定了七株角毛藻的总脂含量及脂肪酸组成.其主要脂肪酸为14:0(3.0-24.92),16:0(8.2-28.5%),16:1n-7(16.0-42.3%)和20:5n-3(4.2-10.42),其中B13的20:5n-3含量最高,占总脂肪酸的10.4%  相似文献   

不同地理品系卤虫的同工酶变异初步研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

高明君  葛兰  蔡亚能 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1994,(1)

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法，对国内外不同生态地区的孤雌生殖和两性生殖卤虫进行了酯酶（ＥＳＴ）、四唑氧化酶（ＴＯ）和碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）同工酶变异分析。指出不同地理品系卤虫有其独特的ＥＳＴ和ＴＯ标志酶带；孤雌生殖卤虫具有与两性生殖卤虫显著不同的ＴＯ基本带型和ＡＬＰ标志带区。这些结果为卤虫地理品系的纯度鉴定，以及两种生殖方式卤虫的分类和鉴别提供了生化指标。  相似文献