Wildfire-Migration Dynamics: Lessons from Colorado's Fourmile Canyon Fire     

Raphael J. Nawrotzki  Hannah Brenkert-Smith  Lori M. Hunter  Patricia A. Champ 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(2):215-225

The number of people living in wildfire-prone wildland–urban interface (WUI) communities is on the rise. However, no prior study has investigated wildfire-induced residential relocation from WUI areas after a major fire event. To provide insight into the association between sociodemographic and sociopsychological characteristics and wildfire-related intention to move, we use data from a survey of WUI residents in Boulder and Larimer counties, Colorado. The data were collected 2 months after the devastating Fourmile Canyon fire destroyed 169 homes and burned more than 6,000 acres of public and private land. Although this study is working with a small migrant sample, logistic regression models demonstrate that survey respondents intending to move in relation to wildfire incidence do not differ sociodemographically from their nonmigrant counterparts. They do, however, show significantly higher levels of risk perception. Investigating destination choices shows a preference for short-distance moves.  相似文献   

Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphic study of forearc basin sediments: Lower to Upper Cretaceous Budden Canyon Formation (Great Valley Group), northern California,USA     

ALLAN GIL S. FERNANDO  HIROSHI NISHI  KAZUSHIGE TANABE  KAZUYOSHI MORIYA  YASUHIRO IBA  KAZUTO KODAMA  MICHAEL A. MURPHY  HISATAKE OKADA 《Island Arc》2011,20(3):346-370

The results of a calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphic investigation of the North Fork Cottonwood Creek section of the Budden Canyon Formation (BCF; Hauterivian–Turonian) in northern California are summarized using the Boreal – cosmopolitan Boreal Nannofossil Biostratigraphy (BC) – Upper Cretaceous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy (UC) nannofossil zonal schemes of Bown et al. and Burnett et al. Sixteen intervals, ranging from the BC15 to UC8 zones, were established in the section. Combined biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic studies suggest a Hauterivian to mid‐Turonian age for the studied sequence. The Hauterivian–Barremian, Barremian–Aptian, Aptian–Albian, Albian–Cenomanian, and Cenomanian–Turonian stage boundaries were delineated near the top of the Ogo Member, below the Huling Sandstone Member, within the upper Chickabally Member, in the upper portion of the Bald Hills Member and within the Gas Point Member, respectively. Unconformities probably exist at the base of the Huling Sandstone Member and the upper part of the upper Chickabally Member. The nannofossil assemblage in the North Fork Cottonwood Creek suggests that the study area was under the influence of cold‐water conditions during the Barremian to Lower Aptian interval, shifting to tropical/warm‐water conditions during the Albian to Turonian interval as a result of the mid‐Cretaceous global warming. Although oceanic anoxic events have not yet been reported in the BCF, preliminary total organic carbon, along with nannofossil data, suggest the presence of the global Cenomanian–Turonian boundary oceanic anoxic event 2.  相似文献   

Redescription of the skull of Saurolophus osborni Brown 1912 (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae)     

Phil R. Bell 《Cretaceous Research》2011,32(1):30-44

  相似文献   

Horizontal freezing study for cross passage of river-crossing tunnel     

Ming Zhang  LingMin Wang  BaoWen Wang  HongBao Lin 《寒旱区科学》2011,3(4):0314-0318

To determine the appropriate soft foundation treatment for a river-crossing tunnel, freezing reinforcement design and technology were introduced based on the channel tunnel design and construction practice. Through finite element analysis and engineering practices, two rows of horizontal perforated freezing pipes were designed and installed on both sides of a passage for tunnel reinforcement, which produced the thickness and strength of frozen crust that satisfied the design requirements. These information are valuable for guiding the design and construction of river-crossing tunnels in coastal areas.  相似文献   

Hillslope coupled stream morphology,flow conditions,and their effects on detrital sedimentology in Garnet Canyon,Teton Range,Wyoming     

Lisa M.Tranel 《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,9(4):1193-1202

Characterizing stream erosion in any steep mountain landscape is arduous, but the challenge level increases when the stream flows through a glaciated catchment frequently modified by hillslope debris.Glacial landforms and stochastic mass wasting in alpine systems may interfere with sediment delivery to downstream sites where detrital sediments are often collected to represent upstream bedrock sources.To use detrital sediments as indicators of erosion, we need to understand potential sediment accumulation in flat glaciated reaches or behind rockfall barriers. This study investigates the stream channel in Garnet Canyon, a glaciated catchment located in the central Teton Range, to describe hillslope coupled channel morphology and the subsequent effects on sediment transport throughout the catchment.Stream cross-section surveys and sediment size measurements of the surface bedload were collected in the field within a glacially flattened segment of Garnet Canyon. Calculations of shear stress conditions allowed evaluation of the importance of mineral densities on potential grain entrainment. The length of the Garnet Canyon stream observed in this study was coupled with hillslope deposits. Critical shear stresses were sufficient to move gravel-sized sediments through all sections when calculated with quartz mineral density and through most sections when applying apatite mineral density. These results verify the application of detrital sediments to evaluate erosion rates or spatial bedrock sources because snowmelt stream flow efficiently moves entrained sediment past glacially reduced slopes and potential talus barriers.  相似文献   

琼东南盆地中央峡谷天然气成藏特征及其主控因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许怀智  张迎朝  林春明  裴健翔  刘云芝 《地质学报》2014,88(9):1741-1752

基于地震、测井、岩芯、岩屑和天然气样品分析化验等资料,研究了中央峡谷天然气成藏特征,探讨了成藏主控因素与成藏模式。研究结果表明,晚中新世—早上新世沿琼东南盆地中央坳陷发育一条大型海底峡谷,称之为中央峡谷,峡谷内充填了多期相互叠置的浊积砂岩,平均孔隙度为15%~33%,渗透率为11×10-3~971.3×10-3μm2,为较好的储层;发育了岩性和构造-岩性复合两大类圈闭。峡谷的气源来自于崖城组的煤系地层,属于煤型气。烃源岩的有机质类型为Ⅱ2和Ⅲ型,以Ⅲ型为主;热演化程度处于成熟—高成熟阶段,晚中新世—上新世达到生烃高峰。琼东南盆地中央坳陷是一个高温高压的坳陷,实测地温梯度平均值高达4.2~4.6℃/100m,实测压力系数为1.20~2.15。在高温高压的环境下,盆地内孕育众多的底辟构造,而峡谷下伏的底辟构造与谷内相互叠置的复合砂体在空间上有效的配置构成了天然气垂向与侧向运移的输导体系,成为峡谷天然气成藏的关键因素。  相似文献   

雅鲁藏布江大拐弯地区河流形态特征及其意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄文星  王国灿  王岸  曹树钊  曹凯 《地质通报》2013,32(1):130-140

为探讨雅鲁藏布江大拐弯地区区域隆升的特点,通过DEM(数字高程模型)和遥感影像提取雅鲁藏布江干流和帕隆藏布江的形态特征,引入Hack剖面、SL参数和Amos河宽理论模型进行分析。雅鲁藏布江干流在大渡卡以下河段的Hack剖面表现为上凸形态,SL参数升高、河流宽度减小,在藏布巴东瀑布-雅鲁藏布江大拐弯顶端段,SL参数达到最大值,河流宽度达到最小值;大拐弯顶端以下河段,SL参数减小,河流渐宽。帕隆藏布江古乡以下河段SL参数梯级增高,河流宽度总体收窄,大拐弯顶端附近达到最大值。综合2条河流的地貌特征和区域地质与地理背景,认为雅鲁藏布江大拐弯地区的隆升具有不均一性,雅鲁藏布江在大渡卡附近开始进入快速隆升区段,隆升最强烈的区段位于藏布巴东瀑布-大拐弯顶端段,大拐弯顶端之后雅鲁藏布江逐渐远离隆升中心区。  相似文献   

台湾峡谷HD133柱状样中重力流、底流交互沉积的证据     

徐尚  王英民  彭学超  邱燕  李卫国 《地质学报》2012,86(11):1792-1798

在台湾峡谷水深3284 m处全长699 cm的HD133柱状样中共识别出1个厚沙层（厚127 cm）和8个薄沙层（单层厚度8-15 cm）,这些沙层中含大量浅水底栖有孔虫,反映其为来自浅水区的陆源物质以重力流方式形成的沉积物。然而,单用重力流无法对这些沙层的成因作出合理的解释：该样中的厚沙层以中沙为主,平均粒径范围1-2Φ,薄沙层以粉沙-细沙为主,平均粒径范围3-4Φ;沙层的分选系数小于2.5,局部接近于1,分选好-极好,长石/石英比值低,具有很高的结构成熟度和成分成熟度;在粒度特征上,其频率分布曲线为单峰,累积概率曲线为2-3段式,在C-M图上厚沙层的样点落在牵引流区域;特别是在垂向序列上,沙层顶底呈突变接触;以上特征均表现为明显的牵引流特征。此外,在柱状样中发现含有太平洋深层水所特有的底栖有孔虫Bulimina aculeata、Planulina wuellerstorfi、Eggerella bradyi种类,且大量生物壳呈棱角状破碎,表明该样在沉积过程中受到太平洋深层水的入侵,这些证据支持了前人关于研究区内可能发育活跃的底流作用的推断。综合分析认为HD133柱状样中的沙层是重力流和底流交互作用的产物。  相似文献   

四川邻水华蓥山大峡谷地质公园地质遗迹资源体系及地学意义     

罗培  秦子晗  孙传敏 《地球学报》2013,34(6):738-748

华蓥山大峡谷地质公园是以峡谷、构造和岩溶地貌为代表的风景地貌类地质公园。本文以华蓥山大峡谷地质公园地质遗迹景观资源为基础, 以川东褶皱带构造单元、川东平行岭谷地貌单元和上扬子地层分区的部分地层区域为研究视角, 构建华蓥山大峡谷地质公园地质遗迹资源体系——包括地质(体、层)剖面、古生物活动遗迹、地貌景观、水体景观以及环境地质遗迹5个大类、15个类共100多处地质遗迹景点; 通过对各类地质遗迹的特征进行分析, 对前人研究进行总结, 探讨了地质公园地质遗迹重要的地学意义。研究表明, 华蓥山大峡谷地质遗迹在地质构造、地层、岩溶学、水文地质学以及地貌学等领域具有重要的科学价值。  相似文献   

The opening of the Plio-Quaternary Gibraltar Strait: assessing the size of a cataclysm     

Paul-Louis Blanc 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(5-6):303-317

Abstract

The widespread Lago-Mare facies show that the Mediterranean was fully isolated from the World Ocean at the end of the Messinian salinity crisis (MSC): the Plio-Quaternary Gibraltar Strait has no geographical feature in common with the Miocene Portals, which were continentalised before the end of the MSC. A copy of a budget model has been modified to study the infilling of the Mediterranean. The yearly Atlantic water supply follows an exponential increase law. The level of the basins does not change significantly during the 26 early years, but the refill of the Mediterranean basins is completed within the next 10–11 years. The high velocity of the flow of Atlantic water can be reconfirmed by hydraulic calculations. The morphological study of the area suggests that the Gibraltar Strait originates from an eastwards flowing stream, which drained the eastern slope of an emergent Gibraltar Isthmus to the Mediterranean Basins at the end of the Messinian. Similar canyons are still found in the marine topography towards the Alboran Sea. The present Spartel and Camarinal Sills both originate from the coeval mass sliding of the northern bank of the strait. The strait of Gibraltar results from the work of a stream, which managed water-piracy from an Ocean. © 2002 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.  相似文献