Application of environmental tracers to study groundwater recharge in a semi-arid area of Central Tunisia     

Intissar Farid  Kamel Zouari  Rim Trabelsi  Abd Rahmen Kallali 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(11):2072-2085

Abstract

Groundwater of the Tertiary-Quaternary Formations in the Jeloula basin (Central Tunisia), together with rain and surface waters, were analysed to investigate the mineralization processes, the origin of the water and its recharge sources. The water samples present a large spatial variability of chemical facies which is related to their interaction with the geological formations. The main sources of the water mineralization are the dissolution of evaporitic and carbonate minerals and cation exchange reactions. Stable isotopes indicate that most groundwater samples originate from infiltration of modern precipitation. Surface water samples from small dam reservoirs show a ¹⁸O/²H enrichment, which is typical of water exposed to open-surface evaporation in a semi-arid region. Considerable data of ³H and ¹⁴C allow the qualitative identification of the present-day recharge that is probably supplied by infiltration of recent flood waters in the Wadi El Hamra valley, and by direct infiltration of meteoric water through the local carbonate outcrops.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor S. Faye  相似文献   

Study of the feasibility of an aquifer storage and recovery system in a deep aquifer in Belgium     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):844-856

Abstract

The feasibility of aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) was tested in a deep aquifer near Koksijde, Belgium. To achieve this, oxic drinking water was injected into a deep aquifer (the Tienen Formation) that contains anoxic brackish water. The hydraulic properties of the aquifer were determined using a step-drawdown test. Chemical processes caused by the injection of the water were studied by two push—pull tests. The step-drawdown test was interpreted by means of an inverse numerical model, resulting in a transmissivity of 3.38 m²/d and a well loss coefficient of 0.00038 d²/m⁵. The push—pull tests identified mixing between the injection and pristine waters, and cation exchange, as the major processes determining the quality of the recovered water. Mobilization of DOC, aerobic respiration, denitrification and mobilization of phosphate were also observed.  相似文献   

Geochemistry of Thermal Waters of Continental Margin of Far East of Russia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ivan V. BRAGIN  Georgy A. CHELNOKOV  Oleg V. CHUDAEV  Natalia A. KHARITONOVA  Sergey V. VYSOTSKIY 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(1):276-284

Studied waters belong to warm(T=30-50℃),alkaline(pH=8.9-9.3),low mineralized(TDS235 mg/1)Na-HCO_3 or Na-SO_4-HCO_3 thermal waters with high content of SiO_2(up to 81 mg/l)and F(up to 3.9 mg/1),occur on modern volcano-tectonic rejuvenated areas of Eastern Sikhote-Alin orogenic belt.Low~3He concentration as well as N_2/O_2 and N_2/Ar ratios exclude influence of deep mantle fluid.New rare earth element data constrain our understandmg of water-rock interaction occurring in the water source region.Meteoric origin of waters is proved by stable isotope values varying from-71‰to-136.1‰and from-10.8‰to-18.8‰forδ~2U andδ~(18)O respectively.REE patterns reflect high pH,resultfing from water-rock interaction and oxidative conditions.Calculations of deep aquifer temperature using Na-K and quartz geothermometers show 116.8-131.1°C and 82.2-125.8℃respectively.Presence of deep faults both with abnormal thermal gradient(~45-50 K/km)define unique geochemical shape of thermal waters of Sikhote-Alin,area,where no present volcanic activity is registered.  相似文献   

Remote quantification of phycocyanin in potable water sources through an adaptive model     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2014

Cyanobacterial blooms in water supply sources in both central Indiana USA (CIN) and South Australia (SA) are a cause of great concerns for toxin production and water quality deterioration. Remote sensing provides an effective approach for quick assessment of cyanobacteria through quantification of phycocyanin (PC) concentration. In total, 363 samples spanning a large variation of optically active constituents (OACs) in CIN and SA waters were collected during 24 field surveys. Concurrently, remote sensing reflectance spectra (R_rs) were measured. A partial least squares–artificial neural network (PLS–ANN) model, artificial neural network (ANN) and three-band model (TBM) were developed or tuned by relating the R_rs with PC concentration. Our results indicate that the PLS–ANN model outperformed the ANN and TBM with both the original spectra and simulated ESA/Sentinel-3/Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) and EO-1/Hyperion spectra. The PLS–ANN model resulted in a high coefficient of determination (R²) for CIN dataset (R² = 0.92, R: 0.3–220.7 μg/L) and SA (R² = 0.98, R: 0.2–13.2 μg/L). In comparison, the TBM model yielded an R² = 0.77 and 0.94 for the CIN and SA datasets, respectively; while the ANN obtained an intermediate modeling accuracy (CIN: R² = 0.86; SA: R² = 0.95). Applying the simulated OLCI and Hyperion aggregated datasets, the PLS–ANN model still achieved good performance (OLCI: R² = 0.84; Hyperion: R² = 0.90); the TBM also presented acceptable performance for PC estimations (OLCI: R² = 0.65, Hyperion: R² = 0.70). Based on the results, the PLS–ANN is an effective modeling approach for the quantification of PC in productive water supplies based on its effectiveness in solving the non-linearity of PC with other OACs. Furthermore, our investigation indicates that the ratio of inorganic suspended matter (ISM) to PC concentration has close relationship to modeling relative errors (CIN: R² = 0.81; SA: R² = 0.92), indicating that ISM concentration exert significant impact on PC estimation accuracy.  相似文献   

A three-band semi-analytical model for deriving total suspended sediment concentration from HJ-1A/CCD data in turbid coastal waters     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2014

The accurate assessment of total suspended sediment (TSM) concentration in coastal waters by means of remote sensing is quite challenging, due to the optical complexity and significant variability of these waters. In this study, three-band semi-analytical TSM retrieval (TSTM) model with HJ-1A/CCD spectral bands was developed for the retrieval of TSM concentration from turbid coastal waters. This model was calibrated and validated by means of one calibration dataset and three independent validation datasets obtained from three different turbid waters. It was found that the TSTM model may be used to retrieve accurate TSM concentration data from highly turbid waters without the spectral slope of the model requiring further optimization. Finally, the TSM concentration data were quantified from the HJ-1A/CCD images after atmospheric correction using the dark-object subtraction technique. Upon comparing the model-derived and field-measured TSM concentration data, it was observed that the TSTM model produced <29% uncertainty in deriving TSM concentration from the HJ-1A/CCD data. These findings imply that the TSTM model may be used for the quantitative monitoring of TSM concentration in coastal waters, provided that the atmospheric correction scheme for the HJ-1A/CCD imagery is available.  相似文献   

秦皇岛海域海月水母碟状体分布与环境因子关系的多粒度分析     

陈晓  刘志亮  王旭  薛力园  袁晓博 《海洋通报》2021,40(6):694-708

针对秦皇岛海域水母灾害频发问题,采用数据挖掘技术定量分析水母分布与环境因子之间的潜在关系,对水母灾害监测预警具有重要意义.本研究以2020年4月秦皇岛海域海月水母碟状体和海洋环境因子(温度、盐度、溶解氧和pH)数据作为研究对象,采用ID 3决策树作为分析模型,对海洋表层、底层环境因子分别进行多种粒度的数据离散化处理下,通过构建决策树挖掘海月水母碟状体密度分布特征与环境因子之间的定量关系;并采用K-折交叉验证、查准率、召回率与F1分数指标,以及相关性进行实验验证与分析.结果 表明:对于海月水母碟状体的密度分布,预测效果最佳的是基于平均值和标准差离散化的海洋表层环境因子构建的决策树;相关性由高到低依次为:盐度、溶解氧、pH和温度.当SSS ∈[31.49,31.79)、SSDO∈ [9.18 mg/L,9.50 mg/L)、SSpH∈ [8.12,8.21)和SST∈ [11.29℃,11.71 ℃)时,海月水母碟状体密度预测结果为高.本文研究成果可加深对该海域海月水母生存环境的了解,为进一步研究该海域大型水母灾害的监测预警提供技术支撑.  相似文献   

黄骅海域浮游植物群落结构的季节变化          下载免费PDF全文

张晓举  温若冰  于海洋  冯春晖 《海洋科学进展》2013,31(2)

2010年在黄骅海域进行浮游植物和理化环境的4个季度的生态调查.共发现浮游植物3门28属75种,其中赤潮种34种,种类数量的季节变化为秋季(2010-10)＞冬季(2010-12)＞夏季(2010-08)＞春季(2010-04).浮游植物生态类型可划分为广温近岸类群、暖水类群和暖温类群,广温近岸类群是浮游植物的优势类群.浮游植物细胞数量的季节变动范围为(46.42×104～190.68×104)个/m3,季节变化为秋季＞夏季＞春季＞冬季,浮游植物数量的季节变化呈单峰特征,硅藻是浮游植物的优势种群.Jacard相似度指数的范围为0.19～0.42,季节更替明显.夏季浮游植物细胞数量与磷酸盐显著正相关,相关系数为0.548(p＜0.05),地表径流是浮游植物细胞数量的重要影响因素.秋季浮游植物细胞数量与温度极显著负相关,相关系数-0.744(p＜0.01);与无机氮显著相关,相关系数0.482.温度和无机氮是影响浮游植物数量的因素.  相似文献   

The development of a rapid screening technique to measure antibiotic activity in effluents and surface water samples     

Smith AJ  Balaam JL  Ward A 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(12):1940-1946

Use of antibiotics in medicine, farming and aquaculture results in a continual supply of these pharmaceuticals and their breakdown products reaching the environment. A method has been developed to use for screening environmental samples to establish whether they contain antibiotics. The assay is based on a commercially available test kit and uses some modifications of the test procedure and SPE techniques to deliver a fast, semi-quantifiable result. Development of the assay and results from spiked and environmental samples are discussed.  相似文献   

柴达木盆地跃进二号油藏沉积相及平面展布   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

叶萍  尹太举  郭青松 《西北地质》2010,43(1):115-123

跃进二号油田含油层位包括下油砂山组(N21)、上干柴沟组(N1)和下干柴沟组下部(E31)三个主力油组。长期以来,一直认为它是一般的辫状河三角洲沉积,主要砂体类型为分流河道、河口坝和席状砂。笔者在研究过程中,通过岩心观察、测井相分析,并根据沉积物粒度、砂体空间展布规律和现代河流沉积模式类型,认为本区大的沉积背景仍然为辫状河三角洲,但沉积微相类型和砂体成因模式与一般辫状河三角洲不同,即骨架砂体以水下分流砂坝为特征,分流河道和河口坝欠发育。主力油组沉积时期,研究区湖盆水体浅,入湖水流在向湖推进过程中,流水动能强,分流河道主要起输送沉积物通道作用,沉积作用弱,而分流河道之间水体能量相对弱的区域沉积作用强,因而形成了以分流砂坝沉积为主的沉积特征,这种沉积模式打破了传统三角洲沉积以河道和河口坝沉积为主的相模式,建立了以土豆状散布于河道间的分流砂坝为格架的沉积微相新模式。  相似文献   

Stable isotope composition of Hellenic bottled waters     

Dotsika E.  Poutoukis D.  Raco B.  Psomiadis D. 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2010

Bottled waters are an increasingly significant product in the human diet. In this work, we present a dataset of stable isotope ratios for bottled waters sampled in Greece. A total of 25 domestic brands of bottled still waters, collected on the Greek market in 2009, were analysed for δ¹⁸O and δ²H. The measured stable isotope ratios range from − 9.9‰ to − 6.9‰ for δ¹⁸O and from − 67.50‰ to − 46.5‰ for δ²H. Comparison of bottled water isotope ratios with natural spring water isotope ratios demonstrates that on average the isotopic composition of bottled water tends to be similar to the composition of naturally available local water sources, showing that bottled water isotope ratios preserve information about the water sources from which they were derived and suggesting that in many cases bottled water should not be considered as an isotopically distinct component of the human diet. This investigation also helped to determine the natural origin of bottled water, and to indicate differences between the natural and production processes. The production process may influence the isotopic composition of waters. No such modification was observed for sampled waters in this study. The isotopic methods applied can be used for the authentication of bottled waters and for use in the regulatory monitoring of water products.  相似文献