基于AHP与模糊综合评价方法的南沙东部岛礁战略价值评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

成王玉  刘永学  李满春  陈振杰  李飞雪 《热带地理》2013,33(4):381-386

南沙群岛是沟通太平洋与印度洋、联系亚欧大陆的交通要冲,具有重要的战略地位,在目前南沙众多岛礁被南海周边国家非法占据的背景下,控制未占领岛礁是维护我国主权和领土完整的有效手段,评价未占领岛礁的战略价值具有深远意义。研究基于AHP和模糊综合评价方法,选取五方礁、信义礁、海口礁、半月礁、舰长礁5座环礁为研究对象,通过建立评价要素指标体系,构建模糊综合评价模型,从主权价值、军事价值、航道控制价值和资源控制价值4个方面对岛礁战略价值进行综合评价,分析其战略意义和建设潜力结果显示,5个环礁的岛礁战略价值从高到低分别为五方礁（90.57）、半月礁（86.99）、信义礁（74.09）、舰长礁（65.94）、海口礁（58.12）,其中五方礁和半月礁战略价值最高,具有很大的发展潜力。  相似文献   

Using δN values in algal tissue to map locations and potential sources of anthropogenic nutrient inputs on the island of Maui, Hawai‘i, USA     

Meghan L. Dailer  Robin S. Knox  Jennifer E. Smith 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(5):655-671

Macroalgal blooms of Hypnea musciformis and Ulvafasciata in coastal waters of Maui only occur in areas of substantial anthropogenic nutrient input, sources of which include wastewater effluent via injection wells, leaking cesspools and agricultural fertilizers. Algal δ¹⁵N signatures were used to map anthropogenic nitrogen through coastal surveys (island-wide and fine-scale) and algal deployments along nearshore and offshore gradients. Algal δ¹⁵N values of 9.8‰ and 2.0-3.5‰ in Waiehu and across the north-central coast, respectively, suggest that cesspool and agricultural nitrogen reached the respective adjacent coastlines. Effluent was detected in areas proximal to the Wastewater Reclamation Facilities (WWRF) operating Class V injection wells in Lahaina, Kihei and Kahului through elevated algal δ¹⁵N values (17.8-50.1‰). From 1997 to 2008, the three WWRFs injected an estimated total volume of 193 million cubic meters (51 billion gallons) of effluent with a nitrogen mass of 1.74 million kilograms (3.84 million pounds).  相似文献   

Fatty acid profiles of benthic environment associated with artificial reefs in subtropical Hong Kong     

Siu Gin Cheung  Paul K.S. Shin 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(2):303-308

Artificial reefs can enhance habitat heterogeneity, especially in seabed degraded by bottom-dredging and trawling. However, the trophodynamics of such reef systems are not well understood. This study provided baseline data on trophic relationships in the benthic environment associated with artificial reefs in late spring and mid summer of subtropical Hong Kong, using fatty acid profiles as an indicator. Data from sediments collected at the reef base, materials from sediment traps deployed on top and bottom of the reefs, total particulate matter from the water column and oyster tissues from reef surface were subjected to principal component analysis. Results showed variations of fatty acid profiles in the total particulate matter, upper sediment trap and oyster tissue samples collected in the two samplings, indicating seasonal, trophodynamic changes within the reef system. The wastes produced by fish aggregating at the reefs can also contribute a source of biodeposits to the nearby benthic environment.  相似文献   

Tropical harmful algal blooms: An emerging threat to coral reef communities?     

Andrew G. Bauman  John A. Burt  Elise Marquis  Paolo Usseglio 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(11):2117-2122

Tropical harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing in frequency and intensity and are substantially affecting marine communities. In October/November 2008 a large-scale HAB event (> 500 km², dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides) in the Gulf of Oman caused the complete loss of the branching corals, Pocillopora and Acropora spp., and substantial reductions in the abundance, richness and trophic diversity of the associated coral reef fish communities. Although the causative agents of this C. polykrikoides bloom are unknown, increased coastal enrichment, natural oceanographic mechanisms, and the recent expansion of this species within ballast water discharge are expected to be the main agents. With rapid changes in oceanic climate, enhanced coastal eutrophication and increased global distribution of HAB species within ballast water, large-scale HAB events are predicted to increase dramatically in both intensity and distribution and can be expected to have increasingly negative effects on coral reef communities globally.  相似文献   

Occurrence of brackish water phytoplankton species at a closed coral reef in Nansha Islands, South China Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ping-Ping Shen  Liang-Min Huang  Jian-Lin Zhang  Jian-Qiang Yin 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(10):1718-1725

The phytoplankton assemblage of Zhubi Reef, a closed coral reef in Nansha Islands (South China Sea, SCS) was studied in June 2007. A total of 92 species belonging to 53 genera and four phyla have been identified. The dominant taxa in the lagoon were the diatom Chaetoceros and cyanobacteria Nostoc and Microcystis, while in reef flats were cyanobacteria Trichodesmium erythraeum, dinoflagellates Gymnodinium and Prorocentrum. The species richness and diversity were consistently lower in the lagoon than in reef flats. Classification and nMDS ordination also revealed significant dissimilarity in phytoplankton community structure between the reef flat and lagoon, with statistical difference in species composition and abundance between them (ANOSIM, p = 0.025). Nutrient concentrations also spatially varied, with ammonium-enrichment in the lagoon, while high Si-concentration existed in reef flat areas. Both nutrient levels and currents in SCS may play important roles in determining the composition and distribution of microalgae in Zhubi Reef and SCS.  相似文献   

松滋刘家场地区Tremadocian早期Pelmatozoan生物礁的发现     

肖传桃  田宜聪  肖胜 《地学前缘》2016,23(3):170-177

首次在刘家场地区早奥陶世Tremadocian早期地层（南津关组下部）中发现Pelmatozoan生物礁, Pelmatozoan不仅单独形成障积礁,而且和低等微生物菌藻类一起联合形成微生物岩礁--障积礁和粘结礁。障积礁可分为Pelmatozoan障积礁和有柄棘皮类包壳状蓝细菌粘结障积礁,粘结礁可分为硅化海绵有柄棘皮类蓝细菌障积粘结礁和有柄棘皮类蓝细菌障积粘结礁。相应地,可以划分为4个生物群落,即Pelmatozoan群落、有柄棘皮类包壳状蓝细菌群落、硅化海绵有柄棘皮类蓝细菌群落和有柄棘皮类蓝细菌群落。在对研究区Pelmatozoan与叠层石纹层破坏的关系讨论中,笔者认为Pelmatozoan障积作用而阻断部分纹层的生长可能是主要原因,Pelmatozoan滤食可能是次要原因。生物礁发现表明,有柄棘皮动物在全球最早建礁的时间是Tremadocian早期,更重要的是该发现提供了中寒武世古杯点礁衰亡之后后生动物第一次恢复造礁的证据。因此,Tremadocian早期Pelmatozoan生物礁的发现不仅对于有柄棘皮动物生物礁和奥陶纪生物礁的演化史研究具有重要理论意义,而且对江汉平原油气评价等经济领域具有一定的实际意义。  相似文献   

礁滩体与建设性成岩作用   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

张宝民  刘静江  边立曾  申银民  贾进华  张立平  曹宏  杨晓萍 《地学前缘》2009,16(1):270

礁、礁丘、丘同属碳酸盐建隆,礁、滩是重要勘探目的层。但各自在沉积组分、组构、环境和时空分布,以及油气地质条件上迥然不同,因而无论从理论还是勘探实践上,都有必要将其各成体系划分开来。礁滩自身为好储集岩,当建设性成岩作用叠加后可形成好的储层。碳酸盐岩优质储层形成,主要受沉积微相与建设性成岩作用两大因素控制。前者是基础,并以高能的礁滩相带为最好;后者主要包括破裂、白云石化和溶蚀三大类,并以白云石化或溶蚀为最优,其中的溶蚀分布最广泛、影响最深刻而对优质储层形成起决定性作用。礁滩储层中的古岩溶类型最为丰富多彩,包括同生期、准同生期、表生期和埋藏期热流体岩溶的所有类型,白云岩化礁滩体也不例外。其中,同生-准同生期岩溶的形成机制与礁滩沉积时高频层序旋回向上变浅序列的短暂暴露淋溶有关,表生期岩溶则受控于礁滩沉积后三级层序旋回Ⅰ型界面的暴露淋溶。由此,导致礁滩储层中除了可以也是(碳酸盐岩中)唯一保存原生孔隙外,还发育了次生溶蚀孔洞缝和大型溶洞。礁丘、灰泥丘尤其是丘间洼地中发育高有机质丰度烃源岩;它们自身没有有效的原生孔隙,但岩溶作用可以形成次生孔隙。  相似文献   

Forthcoming events     

Dr Helen Mounsey 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(1):97-98

Tropical cyclones (hurricanes and typhoons) produce high winds that can generate waves capable of damaging coral reefs. As cyclones frequently pass through northeast Australia's Great Barrier Reef (GBR), it is important to understand how the spatial distribution of reef damage changes over time. However, direct measurements of wave damage, or even wave heights or wind speeds, are rare within the GBR. An important factor in estimating whether cyclone damage was possible is the magnitude and duration of high‐energy wind and waves. Thus, before the spatio‐temporal dynamics of past cyclone damage can be modelled, it is necessary to reconstruct the spread, intensity, and duration of high‐energy conditions during individual cyclones. This was done every hour along the track taken by each of 85 cyclones that passed near the GBR from 1969 to 2003, by implementing a cyclone wind hindcasting model directly within a raster GIS using cyclone data available from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Three measures of cyclone energy (maximum wind speed—MAX, duration of gales—GALES, and continuous duration of gales—CGALES) were derived from these data. For three cyclones, where field data documenting actual reef damage from cyclone‐generated waves were available, the predictive ability of each measure was assessed statistically. All three performed better in predicting reef damage at sites surveyed along the high‐energy reef front than those surveyed along the more protected reef back. MAX performed best for cyclone Joy (r ² = 0.5), while CGALES performed best for cyclones Ivor (r ² = 0.23) and Justin (r ² = 0.48). Using thresholds for MAX and GALES obtained via comparison with field data of damage, it was possible to produce a preliminary prediction of the risk of wave damage across the GBR from each of the 85 cyclones. The results suggest that while up to two‐thirds of the GBR was at risk from some damage for 30–50% of the time series (～18 out of 35 years), only scattered areas of the region were at risk more frequently than that.  相似文献   

Inhibition of larval swimming activity of the coral (Platygyra acuta) by interactive thermal and chemical stresses     

C.K. Kwok  P.O. Ang Jr. 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013

This study examined the interactive effects of copper and elevated temperature and subsequent depuration on Platygyra acuta coral larvae. Larval mortality and motility were significantly affected by copper alone (70% and 100% inhibition respectively). Their respective lethal/inhibitory concentration (LC₅₀/IC₅₀) were 10–130% and 86–193% higher than those reported for other larvae. Temperature (ambient, 27 °C and elevated, 30 °C) alone and the combination of temperature and copper did not significantly affect both endpoints. This study provides the first quantitative data on depuration effect on resumption of larval motility after copper exposure, although no sign of larval recovery was observed. These findings suggest that the effects of copper pollution outweigh the thermal tolerance of coral larvae. High LC₅₀ and IC₅₀ recorded may be unique for corals from marginal reefs like Hong Kong which have already been exposed to high levels of copper pollution.  相似文献   

Navigating climate crises in the Great Barrier Reef     

《Global Environmental Change》2022

A dramatic escalation of extreme climate events is challenging the capacity of environmental governance regimes to sustain and improve ecosystem outcomes. It has been argued that actors within adaptive governance regimes can help to steer environmental systems toward sustainability in times of crisis. Yet there is little empirical evidence of how acute climate crises are navigated by actors operating within adaptive governance regimes, and the factors that influence their responses. Here, we qualitatively assessed the actions key governance actors took in response to back-to-back mass coral bleaching – an extreme climate event – of the Great Barrier Reef in 2016 and 2017, and explored their perceptions of barriers and catalysts to these responses. This research was, in part, a product of collaboration and knowledge co-production with Great Barrier Reef governance actors aimed at improving responses to climate crises in the region. We found five major categories of activity that actors engaged with in the wake of recurrent mass coral bleaching: assessing the scale and extent of bleaching, sharing information, communicating bleaching to the public, building local resilience, and addressing global threats. These actions were both catalyzed and hindered by a range of factors that fall within different domains of adaptive capacity; such as assets, social organization, and agency. We discuss the implications of our findings as they relate to existing research on adaptive capacity and adaptive governance. We conclude by coalescing insights from our interviews and a participant engagement process to highlight four key ways in which the ability of governance actors, and the Great Barrier Reef governance regime more broadly, can be better prepared for, and more effectively respond to extreme climate events. Our research provides empirical insight into how crises are experienced by governance actors in a large-scale environmental system, potentially providing lessons for similar systems across the globe.  相似文献