长牡蛎两个Dmrt家族基因的时空表达     

张娜  黄雯  许飞  李莉  张国范  郭希明 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(3)

本文以长牡蛎27个幼虫发育阶段个体以及成体的5个组织织作为实验材料,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对Dmrt家族中的2个基因（CgDsx和CgDmrtA2）的主要对长牡蛎Dmrt家族中的2个基因（CgDsx和CgDmrtA2）在幼虫时期和成体组织中的表达模式以及在性别决定中可能发挥的作用进行了研究。采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对幼虫27个发育阶段以及成体5个组织的表达进行了测定。结果表明,长牡蛎CgDsx基因在胚胎发育初期有大量表达,其中囊胚期到担轮幼虫初期表达量最高从囊胚期到担轮幼虫初期表达量最高,其后之后表达量开始降低,在D形幼虫后期之后一直维持在极低的表达水平,此后仅在成体的雄性性腺中具有高度表达。该结果表明由此可见,CgDsx 可能也对早期胚胎发育起一定调控作用,除了同时参与了性别决定外,可能也对早期胚胎发育起一定调控作用。CgDmrtA2在长牡蛎所有组织中均有表达,各组织间表达差异不显著,在长牡蛎D形幼虫至壳顶后期表达量较高,表明其参与了胚胎中后期的发育过程说明它参与了胚胎中后期的发育过程,可能与神经的形成相关,但是其具体功能还需要进一步研究。  相似文献   

长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)微卫星多重PCR 体系构建及其在家系鉴定中的应用     

纪仁平  李焕军  冯艳微  张荣良  王卫军  杨建敏 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(6):1542-1548

筛选多态性高、特异性好、片段大小适中的10 个长牡蛎微卫星位点进行优化组合, 根据扩 增片段大小及同一荧光不重叠原则构建了两组五重PCR 体系。运用CERVUS 3.0 软件对0527 组27 个长牡蛎全同胞家系的643 个子代和0612 组27 个全同胞家系382 个子代分别进行亲权鉴定。结果 发现, 用两组微卫星五重PCR 鉴别时, 在0527 组和0612 组的鉴定成功率均为100%; 只用第一组微 卫星五重PCR, 可以将0527 组96%的子代和0612 组96%的子代鉴定到亲本; 只用第二组微卫星五 重PCR, 可以将0527 组97%的子代和0612 组95%的子代鉴定到亲本。本研究中筛选出的两组微卫 星五重PCR 体系在两组家系中的鉴定效率均较高, 可以快速有效地将子代个体鉴定至所属父母本, 在长牡蛎家系鉴定中具有很好的应用价值。  相似文献   

Depuration dynamics of oysters (Crassostrea gigas) artificially contaminated by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium     

de Abreu Corrêa A  Albarnaz JD  Moresco V  Poli CR  Teixeira AL  Oliveira Simões CM  Monte Barardi CR 《Marine environmental research》2007,63(5):479-489

The State of Santa Catarina produces the greatest quantity of edible mollusks in Brazil. To guarantee sanitary qualify, mollusk cultures should be monitored for contamination by pathogenic microorganisms. A self-purification or "depuration" system that eliminates Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium contamination from oysters has been developed and evaluated. The depuration process occurred within a closed system, in which 1000 L of water was recirculated for 24 h. The water was sterilized with ultraviolet (UV) light, chlorine, or both together. Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) artificially contaminated with S. typhimurium were harvested every 6 h. Samples of oyster tissue were excised and both the presence and numbers of bacteria were determined. Combined UV light and chlorine treatments resulted in total elimination of bacteria within 12 h. Polymerase chain reaction detected bacteria in water exposed to the three treatments. This pioneering study is the first of its kind in Brazil and represents a major contribution to commercial mollusk culture in this country.  相似文献   

基于RNA-seq数据分析长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)天然免疫的可变剪接事件          下载免费PDF全文

李若晖  张琳琳 《海洋与湖沼》2024,55(1):182-192

大部分无脊椎动物缺乏基于经典抗体和记忆细胞的适应性免疫, 因而天然免疫在无脊椎动物免疫防御中发挥不可或缺的作用。可变剪接正是产生天然免疫多样性和特异性的重要途径。牡蛎(Crassostrea)是全球范围内的大宗养殖贝类和我国产量最高的海水养殖贝类, 理解其天然免疫系统的多样性和特异性对牡蛎病害防治和养殖业健康可持续发展至关重要。通过对不同病原诱导以及诱导后不同时间的转录组进行生物信息分析, 系统地研究了长牡蛎天然免疫应激反应的可变剪接事件。发现在弧菌诱导下可变剪接事件的总数显著增加, 表明弧菌的感染会诱导长牡蛎可变剪接事件的产生。对病原诱导后可变剪接体的组成类型及表达量显著变化的基因的功能富集分析, 表明免疫系统相关功能被显著富集, 病原感染不同阶段以及不同病原感染后可变剪接体的组成类型和表达量均不一致, 表明长牡蛎免疫系统可通过可变剪接产生免疫响应的特异性和多样性。研究结果为长牡蛎等无脊椎动物天然免疫多样性和特异性提供了典型实例, 也为长牡蛎病害防御提供了理论支撑。  相似文献   

福建沿海巨蛎属牡蛎的主要种类及其分布   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

杜玄  郭希明  钱鲁闽 《台湾海峡》2009,28(3):399-404

本实验采用了多重种类特异性PCR（multiplex species—specific PCR）技术，研究了巨蛎属（Crassostrea）牡蛎主要种类在福建沿海的分布．从沿海11个采样地点共采集了657个野生牡蛎样本，随机抽取了327个牡蛎样本进行基因组DNA的提取和线粒体COI基因的鉴定，结果发现200个个体为葡萄牙牡蛎（Crassostrea angulata），101个个体为近江牡蛎（Crassostrea ariakensis），20个个体为熊本牡蛎（Crassostrea sikamea），6个个体为香港巨牡蛎（Crassostrea hongkongensis）．此次实验中未发现长牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）．结果表明，福建沿海有葡萄牙牡蛎、近江牡蛎、熊本牡蛎和香港巨牡蛎4种巨蛎属牡蛎分布．  相似文献   

Concentrations of selected trace metals (Cu,Pb, Zn), organochlorines (PCBs,HCB) and total PAHs in mangrove oysters from the Pacific Coast of Mexico: an overview   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Páez-Osuna F  Ruiz-Fernández AC  Botello AV  Ponce-Vélez G  Osuna-López JI  Frías-Espericueta MG  López-López G  Zazueta-Padilla HM 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(11):1303-1308

  相似文献   

Microsatellite variation in the oyster <Emphasis Type="Italic">Crassostrea plicatula</Emphasis> along the coast of China     

Hong Yu  Qi Li  Ruihai Yu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2008,7(4):432-438

Genetic diversity and differentiation of the oyster Crassostrea plicatula populations from China’s coast were studied based on seven microsatellite loci. All loci showed high polymorphism for all five C. plicatula populations, with an average number of allele per locus of 19.3–27.9 and an average expected heterozygosity of 0.889–0.952. Significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and deficits of heterozygotes were observed over most populations at each locus, which were fully explained by null alleles. Microsatellite analysis revealed significant subdivision in the C. plicatula populations. According to the neighbor-joining tree constructed on the basis of the D _A distance, the five populations fell into three regional groups, showing a relatively homogeneous genetic structure in geographically close populations. Assignation tests correctly assigned high percentages of individuals to their original populations and groups, and also confirmed the existence of genetic differentiation among C. plicatula populations. The results obtained in this study will facilitate the formulation of appropriate fisheries management programs, stock identification and conservation of biodiversity for the species.  相似文献   

Variations in the pallial organ sizes of the invasive oyster, Crassostrea gigas, along an extreme turbidity gradient     

Mickaël Dutertre  Laurent Barillé  Peter G. Beninger  Philippe Rosa  Yves Gruet 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Spatial size variations of labial palps, gills and the adductor muscle of the invasive feral oyster, Crassostrea gigas, were studied along two gradients of suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations in the temperate macrotidal Bourgneuf Bay, (annual mean SPM concentration gradient of 21.0–154.0 mg l⁻¹) and the adjacent Loire Estuary (annual mean SPM concentration gradient of 24.1–630.4 mg l⁻¹) on the French Atlantic Coast. The gill-to-palp (G:P) ratios decreased with increasing turbidity, both in the bay and the estuary. Changes in G:P ratios were chiefly related to palp area variations, increasing gradually from low turbidity to very high-turbidity sites, while gill area showed no clear relationship with turbidity conditions. The G:P ratio, showing a significant relationship (r² = 0.97) with SPM concentrations, is proposed as a pallial organ index of oyster acclimation to turbidity conditions. The area of the striated part of the adductor muscle was always greater than that of the smooth one, and adductor muscle area tended to decrease when SPM concentration increased. These observations show the morphological capacity of the oyster C. gigas to tolerate SPM concentrations above the feeding cessation thresholds previously determined experimentally. They also suggest that pallial organ size variations could help explain the success of recent feral oyster invasions in temperate turbid ecosystems.  相似文献   

多肽菌素在长牡蛎人工育苗生产中的应用     

刘洋  赵强  于瑞海  李海昆  王永旺 《海洋科学》2020,44(4):59-66

多肽菌素作为一类具有抗菌活性的生物短肽,是一种可以替代抗生素的生物肽。为了推广多肽菌素在水产养殖中的应用,本研究以长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)人工育苗为基础,以添加2×10_(–6) mol/L青霉素钠为对照组,以添加5个不同浓度(2×10_(–6)、4×10_(–6)、6×10_(–6)、8×10_(–6)、10×10_(–6) mol/L)多肽菌素为实验组,研究多肽菌素在长牡蛎人工育苗生产中的应用。结果显示:(1)在长牡蛎种贝培育方面,培育前8天各组差异不显著(P 0.05),培育后期添加6×10_(–6) mol/L多肽菌素组存活率均最高,对照组最低,且培育至32天时该实验组均显著高于其他组(P0.05)。(2)在长牡蛎幼虫培育方面,幼虫壳高日增长量在添加6×10_(–6) mol/L多肽菌素组中最大,为11.57μm/d,而对照组仅为9.61μm/d;幼虫存活率方面对照组始终最低,而添加6×10_(–6) mol/L与8×10_(–6) mol/L多肽菌素组均保持较高存活率,显著高于对照组(P 0.05)。(3)在长牡蛎幼虫附着变态方面,添加6×10_(–6) mol/L多肽菌素组附着率最高、附着时间最短,且均与对照组差异显著(P0.05)。(4)在长牡蛎稚贝培育方面,稚贝壳长日增长量实验组均高于对照组,且随添加浓度的上升,日增长量也随之增加;稚贝存活率在添加6×10_(–6) mol/L多肽菌素组达到最高,与对照组差异显著(P0.05)。结果表明,使用多肽菌素与使用青霉素钠相比,多肽菌素显著提高了整个牡蛎培育过程中的存活率、生长速度、及附着变态率,这也为多肽菌素在贝类育苗生产中的推广提供了基础依据。  相似文献   

长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)多代近交与自交家系遗传差异及生长性状比较     

任晶莹  王卫军  徐涛  赵强  李彬  孙国华  杨建敏 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(3):630-637

在良种选育过程中,为了尽快得到稳定可遗传的优良性状,常采用近交方式进行纯系选育,而近交会导致群体的遗传多样性下降。为了解长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)多代近交和自交家系的遗传多样性、遗传结构和生长情况,本实验选用长牡蛎近交4代(F4代)、近交5代(F5代)家系和雌性同体自交1代(自交1代)家系,采用8对多态性高的微卫星序列进行分析,同时对其成体的三个时间点生长数据进行了显著性差异分析。实验结果表明,8对微卫星位点在野生对照组中表现出较高的多态性,F4代、F5代和自交1代3个家系的遗传多样性明显下降,平均等位基因数(Na)由17.00下降到2.00,平均观测杂合度(Ho)由0.538下降到0.449,平均多态信息含量(PIC)由0.826下降到0.297;哈迪-温伯格平衡(HWE)检验结果显示,8个位点在三个家系和野生对照组中均不同程度偏离HWE平衡(P0.0062)。F4代、F5代、自交1代和野生对照的生长性状指标分析表明,和野生对照相比,三个家系生长指标明显提高,对于自交一代而言,与自交实验组亲本选择的偶然性有关。同时,三个家系三个时间点的壳长、壳宽生长性状没有显著性差异(除330日龄壳宽和630日龄壳长),F5代生长性状指标壳高和湿重均大于F4代和自交1代,且差异显著;但F4代和自交1代之间没有显著性差异。通过本研究发现,F5代可以继续用来进行生长性状新品系的选育,自交1代多样性降低程度相当于F5代,但多样性的降低对成体的生长性状影响不明显,仍可以用做相关实验材料。  相似文献