Extracting cross sections and water levels of vegetated ditches from LiDAR point clouds     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2016

The hydrologic response of a catchment is sensitive to the morphology of the drainage network. Dimensions of bigger channels are usually well known, however, geometrical data for man-made ditches is often missing as there are many and small. Aerial LiDAR data offers the possibility to extract these small geometrical features. Analysing the three-dimensional point clouds directly will maintain the highest degree of information. A longitudinal and cross-sectional buffer were used to extract the cross-sectional profile points from the LiDAR point cloud. The profile was represented by spline functions fitted through the minimum envelop of the extracted points. The cross-sectional ditch profiles were classified for the presence of water and vegetation based on the normalized difference water index and the spatial characteristics of the points along the profile. The normalized difference water index was created using the RGB and intensity data coupled to the LiDAR points. The mean vertical deviation of 0.14 m found between the extracted and reference cross sections could mainly be attributed to the occurrence of water and partly to vegetation on the banks. In contrast to the cross-sectional area, the extracted width was not influenced by the environment (coefficient of determination R² = 0.87). Water and vegetation influenced the extracted ditch characteristics, but the proposed method is still robust and therefore facilitates input data acquisition and improves accuracy of spatially explicit hydrological models.  相似文献   

世界各国太阳射电望远镜概况   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姬国枢  刘玉英  王威  谭程明  谭宝林  黄崇喜  刘荣军  张越成 《天文研究与技术》2011,(3)

详细汇总了国内太阳射电望远镜的技术性能及原理框图。收集了部分国外太阳射电望远镜技术指标。对射电望远镜系统参数灵敏度、信噪比、交叉计划隔离度的计算方法作了介绍。  相似文献   

华南地区近40年降水的气候特征   总被引：19，自引：5，他引：19  

余功梅 《热带气象学报》1996,12(3):252-256

利用１９５１－１９９４年华南地区１５个站的月降水量资料，探讨了这一地区近４０年来降水的气候特征。结果表明：（１）华南地区年降水量的变化存在一定的阶段性和周期性，５０年代和７０年代及９０年代前期降水相对偏多，６０年代和８０年代降水相对偏少。近４０年来降水量的变化趋势呈抛物线型，总的来持，前２０年少，后２０年略有增多。（２）降水变化具有明显的周期性振动，年和汛期降水的主周期为７－１１年，前汛斯和后汛期  相似文献   

Species Composition and Gear Characteristics of the Macrobrachium Fishery of the Cross     

Francis M. Nwosu 《青岛海洋大学学报(英文版)》2010,(1):71-75

  相似文献   

形变速率累加法在青藏块体东北缘跨断层水准资料中的应用     

唐红涛  张希  贾鹏  李瑞莎 《高原地震》2012,24(2):15-19

运用形变速率累加法对青藏决体东北缘积累近30年的6个跨断层流动水准场地观测资料进行了分析,讨论了异常信息提取的经验和方法,搜集并分析了各场地周围400 km范围内的震例,获得了形变速率累加法的应用经验与前兆异常特征:①异常累加图比原始曲线图在异常的识别上更加突出和直观;②该方法只对超出控制限较连续的异常点残差进行累加,发生间隔较长的异常点则不进行累加计算;③从异常开始到发生地震的时间上得知,该方法可作为地震中期预报指标。  相似文献   

云南地区地脉动噪声特征分析研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王伟涛  倪四道  王宝善 《地震》2011,31(4):58-67

对地震台站记录到的长时间背景噪声进行互相关可以得到台站间的格林函数, 进而可以对地下介质波速结构和波速变化进行研究。 对背景噪声来源方向和时空演化规律的分析, 是提高结果可靠性的重要基础。 本文利用分布在云南境内的43个宽频带固定台站2008—2010年的垂直分量记录, 计算了两两台站之间的互相关函数, 并用平均能量流的方法研究了云南地区5~10 s以及10~20 s两个频段内地脉动噪声能量的空间分布和时间演化。 研究结果表明, 云南地区5~10 s的地脉动噪声能量优势方向存在明显的季节性变化, 夏季优势能量方位角为180°~210°, 冬季则为70°~100°。 而10~20 s的地脉动噪声优势方向方位角较为稳定, 为180°~210°。 在这两个频段内噪声能量的强度都表现出了较强的季节性变化。 同时发现在5~10 s频段瑞利面波之前存在视速度接近30 km/s的前驱信号, 并对其可能来源进行了分析。  相似文献   

Least‐squares reverse‐time migration in a matrix‐based formulation          下载免费PDF全文

Gang Yao  Helmut Jakubowicz 《Geophysical Prospecting》2016,64(3):611-621

This paper describes least‐squares reverse‐time migration. The method provides the exact adjoint operator pair for solving the linear inverse problem, thereby enhancing the convergence of gradient‐based iterative linear inversion methods. In this formulation, modified source wavelets are used to correct the source signature imprint in the predicted data. Moreover, a roughness constraint is applied to stabilise the inversion and reduce high‐wavenumber artefacts. It is also shown that least‐squares migration implicitly applies a deconvolution imaging condition. Three numerical experiments illustrate that this method is able to produce seismic reflectivity images with higher resolution, more accurate amplitudes, and fewer artefacts than conventional reverse‐time migration. The methodology is currently feasible in 2‐D and can naturally be extended to 3‐D when computational resources become more powerful.  相似文献   

Reply to Narkiewicz (2017) comment on “Thermal evolution of Paleozoic successions of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland)”     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

In this paper we reply to the criticisms advanced by Narkiewicz (2017) on the paper by Schito et al. (2017). We clarify the issues related to the stratigraphic and thermal maturity constraints used for reconstructing burial and thermal models of the two blocks of the Holy Cross Mountains.We also show how geological evidences brought by Narkiewicz (2017) as a proof of elevated Variscan heat flow are not conclusive or at least suggest the occurence of a localized thermal anomaly only along the area of the Holy Cross Fault.In the end, we performed new burial and thermal models in the Kielce region demonstrating that stratigraphic thickness variations between Schito et al. (2017) and Narkiewicz et al. (2010) produce only negligible differences in levels of thermal maturity of Paleozoic rocks. In addition, we outline that levels of thermal maturity for Silurian rocks can be matched only by using constant heat flow values through the Paleozoic and point to a decisive role for the absence of regional high Variscan heat flow in the area.  相似文献   

Chemical and isotopic variations in the Wiśniówka Mała mine pit water,Holy Cross Mountains (south-central Poland)     

Zdzisław M. Migaszewski  Agnieszka Gałuszka  Stanisław Hałas  Józef Dąbek  Sabina Dołęgowska  Irena Budzyk  Ewa Starnawska  Artur Michalik 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(1):29-40

In 2005 and 2006, hydrogeochemical study was carried out in the bipartite Wiśniówka Mała pit lake of the Holy Cross Mountains (south-central Poland). This is the largest acidic water body in Poland. This report presents the element concentrations in the water and sediment, stable sulfur and oxygen isotope ratios in the soluble sulfates, and stable oxygen isotope ratio in the water. The scope of the investigation also encompassed mineralogical examinations (scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction) of the sediment. The results of this study show that there is a spatial and temporal variability in concentrations of most elements and sulfur isotope ratios in the examined pit lake. The water of the western pond displayed a lower pH with a mean of 3.73 and higher conductivity (390 μS cm⁻¹) as well as higher concentrations of sulfates (156 mg L⁻¹) and most of the cations and anions. The concentrations of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ averaged 0.8 and 0.4 mg·L⁻¹. In contrast, the eastern pond water revealed a higher pH (mean of 4.36), lower conductivity (293 μS cm⁻¹) and lower sulfate (90 mg L⁻¹) and trace metal levels. Similar variations were recorded in the stable sulfur isotope ratios. The δ³⁴S_V-CDT(SO₄ ²⁻) values in the water of the western pit pond were in the range of −6.7 to −4.6‰ (mean of −5.6‰), whereas that in the eastern pit pond ranged from −2.2 to −0.9‰ (−1.6‰). The alkalinity of the entire lake water was below 0.1 mg·L⁻¹ CaCO₃. No distinct difference in the δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW(SO₄ ²⁻) was noted between the western and eastern pit ponds. Compared to the Purple Pond in the Sudetes (Poland) and similar sites throughout the world, the examined pit lake is highlighted by distinctly low concentrations of sulfates, iron and other trace metals. Based on this and other studies performed in the Holy Cross Mountains, a conclusion can be drawn that the SO₄ ²⁻ in the Wiśniówka Mała pit lake water is a mixture of SO₄ ²⁻ derived from the following sources: (1) pyrite oxidation (especially in the western pond water), (2) leaching of soluble sulfates from soils and waste material, as well as (3) subordinate deposition of airborne sulfate precipitation.  相似文献   

First record of true conulariids from the Upper Devonian of Poland     

《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2017,128(3):401-406

Phosphatized remains indisputably belonging to conulariids have been found in the lower Famennian (Upper Devonian) deposits at the Kowala quarry in the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland for the first time. The ornamentation patterns and characteristics of the exoskeleton indicate that the conulariids, represented by at least two incomplete specimens, belong to a single species within the genus? Paraconularia. Some Polish Ordovician fossils previously described as conulariids either do not possess morphological characters seen in conulariids, or are too fragmentary to be confidently assigned to conulariids. Therefore, the fossils reported here not only represent the first documented record of conulariids in the Devonian of Poland, but the first true conulariids ever reported and illustrated from Poland. The exoskeleton of one specimen possesses at least three sublethal injuries. As the host deposit of marly shale originated in deep water, it is possible that the injuries did not result from purely physical factors, but rather from attempted predation. This interpretation is consistent with the fact that the lower Famennian deposits at Kowala preserve other predation-related structures such as fish coprolites, fragmented arthropod cuticle and regurgitated remains.  相似文献