The Sea Empress oil spill (Wales, UK): effects on Common Scoter Melanitta nigra in Carmarthen Bay and status ten years later     

Banks AN  Sanderson WG  Hughes B  Cranswick PA  Smith LE  Whitehead S  Musgrove AJ  Haycock B  Fairney NP 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(5):895-902

Carmarthen Bay, UK, regularly supports internationally important numbers (>16,000) of non-breeding Common Scoters Melanitta nigra. The spill of 72,000 tonnes of crude oil from the Sea Empress in 1996 affected birds both through direct mortality and likely pollution of key food resources. Numbers were greatly reduced following the spill, whilst changes in the distribution of birds within Carmarthen Bay suggested that potentially sub-optimal foraging zones were used. However, ten years after the incident, numbers of Common Scoter were no different to those recorded immediately before the spill. Compared to some other spills, rapid revival is evident. Numbers increased to pre-spill levels within three winters and distributional changes suggested a concurrent return to previously contaminated feeding areas, implying that the ecosystem had regenerated sufficiently to support its top predator. The importance of prolonged, standardised monitoring of bird numbers and distribution as indicators of ecological recovery from environmental damage is emphasised.  相似文献   

Production and transport of long-chain alkenones and alkyl alkenoates in a sea water column in the northwestern Pacific off central Japan     

Ken Sawada  Nobuhiko Handa  Takeshi Nakatsuka 《Marine Chemistry》1998,59(3-4)

Sinking particles collected from year-long time-series sediment traps at 1674, 4180, 5687 and 8688 m depths, the underlying bottom sediment at 9200 m depth, and suspended particles from surface and subsurface waters in the northwestern North Pacific off Japan were analyzed for long-chain alkenones and alkyl alkenoates (A&A) which are derived mainly from Gephyrocapsacean algae, especially Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica. Alkenone temperature records in sediment trap samples at 1674 m were almost similar to observed sea surface temperatures (SST) with a time delay of one half to one full month. However, alkenone temperatures in trap samples were about slightly lower than measured SST in late spring to early fall. The lowering might be caused by formation of the seasonal thermocline. Nevertheless, these temperature drops observed in trap samples were smaller than those actually observed in a subsurface layer off central Japan. Vertical profiles of A&A concentrations and alkenone temperatures in suspended particles collected from the subsurface waters in early fall indicated that these compounds were produced mostly in a surface mixed layer above the depth of the chlorophyll maximum even in warm seasons. These results suggested that alkenone temperatures strongly reflected SST rather than the temperatures of thermocline waters in these study areas even in such a warm season. Pronounced maxima in A&A fluxes found in sediment trap samples at 1674 m in late spring to summer showed that A&A productions were highest during the periods of spring bloom, according to a time delay between alkenone temperatures and observed SST. Seasonal patterns of alkenone records in trap samples at 4180 and 5687 m could also preserve SST signals well, suggesting that A&A in deep sea waters were mainly derived from primary products in the surface layer. A&A fluxes tended to decrease with water depth, and the ratios of A&A to particulate organic carbon (POC) rapidly decreased in underlying bottom sediment. This clearly indicates that A&A were decomposed and diluted by other refractory organic materials in either the water column or the sediment–water interface. However, A&A compositions were consistently uniform between the trap samples and the underlying bottom sediments, so that A&A could not qualitatively alter during early diagenetic processes.  相似文献   

Degradation of crude oil in a contaminated tidal flat area and the resilience of bacterial community     

Jaejin Lee  Il Han  Bo Ram Kang  Seong Heon Kim  Woo Jun Sul  Tae Kwon Lee 《Marine pollution bulletin》2017,114(1):296-301

Crude oil spills, Hebei Spirit in South Korea, is considered as one of the worst environmental disasters of the region. Our understanding on activation of oil-degrading bacteria and resilience of microbial community in oil contaminated sites are limited due to scarcity of such event. In the present study, tidal flat sediment contaminated by the oil spill were investigated for duration of 13 months to identify temporal change in microbial community and functional genes responsible for PAH-degradation. The results showed predominance of previously known oil-degrading genera, such as Cycloclasticus, Alcanivorax, and Thalassolituus, displaying significant increase within first four months of the accident. The disturbance caused by the oil spill altered the microbial community and its functional structures, but they were almost restored to the original state after 13 months. Present study demonstrated high detoxification capacity of indigenous bacterial populations in the tidal flat sediments and its resilience of microbial community.  相似文献   

南极冰藻 Chlamydomonas sp.ICE-L的 cDNA文库构建及品质检测     

王能飞  沈继红  金治平  赵爱云  林学政 《海洋科学进展》2006,24(4):520-525

为构建南极冰藻Chlamydomonassp.ICE-L的cDNA文库,提取对数生长期南极冰藻ICE-L的总RNA,以此为模板,通过PowerScript逆转录酶逆转录合成第一链cDNA;再以第一链cDNA产物为模板,用LD-PCR合成第二链cDNA。该cDNA产物经分级分离转入大肠杆菌中,即获得南极冰藻ICE-L的cDNA原始文库,其滴度为1.6×106cfu/mL。扩增后的cDNA文库的滴度为1.0×1010cfu/mL。用PCR方法测得文库的重组率大于97%,插入cDNA的长度为0.5~1.8 kb,0.9 kb以上插入片段占50%以上。取适量扩增文库稀释并铺平板,挑取72个独立菌落,对其中22个独立菌落所插入的cDNA进行测序,克隆到了一个具有5′和3′非编码区的40S ribosomalprotein S5全长基因序列,GenBank收录号为AM167929。  相似文献   

利用酵母双杂交研究铜绿微囊藻生物钟蛋白KaiB的自身相互作用     

郑锦乾  徐虹  章军  王靖  朱斌琳 《海洋科学》2006,30(8):41-45

从铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)PCC7820中克隆了生物钟基因kaiB,并将其克隆入酵母双杂交系统的两个质粒pGADT7和pGBKT7中。经测序验证后,将重组质粒pGADT7-kaiB和pGBKT7-kaiB转化酵母菌AH109进行自激活性和自身相互作用的检测和验证。结果表明,铜绿微囊藻生物钟蛋白KaiB无自激活性,KaiB蛋白自身能发生相互作用。因此,可用KaiB蛋白为诱饵利用酵母双杂交系统筛选文库钓取与KaiB发生相互作用的蛋白。  相似文献   

SCREENING OF AGGLUTININS IN MARINE ALGAE FROM FUJIAN COAST OF CHINA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑怡  卢海声 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2002,20(3):256-260

Thirty-three species of marine algae belonging to Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta and Chlorophyta from the Fujian coast were examined for agglutinins with different animal and human erythrocytes. Protein extracts from 26 species were active against at least one type of the erythrocytes tested. There were 3 species (Grateloupia imbricata, lshigefoliacea and Entermorpha prolifera) whose extracts could agglutinate all the erythrocytes used. The lowest protein concentration required to produce erythrocyte agglutination varied remarkably, from 3.1μg/ml to 500μg/ml . The strongest activity was found in the agglutina-tion of rabbit erythrocytes by Gloiopeltis furcata extract. Inhibition assays performed with nine mono- and bisaccharides indicated that agglutinations of rabbit erythrocytes by extracts of 7 species were inhibited by one or more types of the sugars assayed. The agglutinating activity shown by extracts of most species wasnot affected when the test solution was heated to 90℃, but was lost at 95℃ - 100℃. A few extracts losttheir activity at 60 RS, 65 RS and 75 RS, respectively.  相似文献   

The frequency and distribution of recent landslides in three montane tropical regions of Puerto Rico   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

Matthew C. Larsen  Angel J. Torres-Snchez 《Geomorphology》1998,24(4):309-331

Landslides are common in steep mountainous areas of Puerto Rico where mean annual rainfall and the frequency of intense storms are high. Each year, landslides cause extensive damage to property and occasionally result in loss of life. Average population density is high, 422 people/km², and is increasing. This increase in population density is accompanied by growing stress on the natural environment and physical infrastructure. As a result, human populations are more vulnerable to landslide hazards. The Blanco, Cibuco, and Coamo study areas range in surface area from 276 to 350 km² and represent the climatologic, geographic, and geologic conditions that typify Puerto Rico. Maps of recent landslides developed from 1:20,000-scale aerial photographs, in combination with a computerized geographic information system, were used to evaluate the frequency and distribution of shallow landslides in these areas. Several types of landslides were documented—rainfall-triggered debris flows, shallow soil slips, and slumps were most abundant. Hillslopes in the study area that have been anthropogenically modified, exceed 12° in gradient, are greater than 300 m in elevation, and face the east-northeast, are most prone to landsliding. A set of simplified matrices representing geographic conditions in the three study areas was developed and provides a basis for the estimation of the spatial controls on the frequency of landslides in Puerto Rico. This approach is an example of an analysis of the frequency of landslides that is computationally simple, and therefore, may be easily transferable to other settings.  相似文献   

大菱鲆Hepcidin基因的克隆和真核表达载体的构建     

丛柏林  韩光  黄晓航  刘胜浩  林学政  陈靖 《海洋科学进展》2008,26(1):74-81

Hepcidin是鱼类的一种重要的抗菌肽.通过比较GenBank中不同Hepcidin基因的同源相似性,设计出特异性的引物,以我国海水养殖大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L)肝脏为模板利用RT-PCR 技术克隆获得了一条基因.使用生物信息学手段对该基因序列进行了比对和分析,证实这条基因为Hepcidin1 precursor基因,属于Hepcidin基因家族.通过设计引物在Hepcidin基因的5′和3′端分别引入EcoR I和NotⅠ酶切位点.经过双酶切后获得具有EcoR I和Not I酶切位点的Hepcidin成熟肽片段,并与同样使用该酶线性化的表达载体pPIC3.5K连接.构建了表达载体pPIC3.5K/Hepc1,并将其导入到酵母基因组中,完成了真核表达载体的构建,为Hepcidin的真核表达作了基础性的准备工作.  相似文献   

蛋白质三级拓扑结构对热稳定性贡献的初步探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王霁  张士璀  陈玲玲 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2009,39(5)

搜集来自数据库和文献的127个已测定熔解温度和PDB结构的热稳定蛋白,计算了每个蛋白PDB结构的9种拓扑参数,并对各个参数与其自身熔解温度做了线性相关性分析。现有数据结果表明只有CC这个参数与Tm的相关性系数达到了0.33。CC参数表征蛋白结构作为天然接触的网络来处理时的簇系数,因此这一关系表明组成蛋白的基团接触的越紧密,蛋白的热稳定性就越高,这与之前的研究结论相一致。而其它的参数没有发现与Tm有显著的关系。作者从拓扑结构这个方面进行研究为蛋白质的热适应机理研究提供了新的思路。  相似文献   

Efficient expression of green fluorescent protein （GFP） mediated by a chimeric promoter in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii     

吴锦霞  胡章立  王潮岗  黎双飞  雷安平 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2008,26(3)

To improve the expression efficiency of exogenous genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii,a high efficient expression vector was constructed.Green fluorescent protein(GFP) was expressed in C.reinhardtii under the control of promoters:RBCS2 and HSP70A-RBCS2.Efficiency of transformation and expression were compared between two transgenic algae:RBCS2 mediated strain Tran-Ⅰ and HSP70A-RBCS2 mediated strain Tran-Ⅱ.Results show that HSP70A-RBCS2 could improve greatly the transformation efficiency by approximately eightfold of RBCS2,and the expression efficiency of GFP in Tran-Ⅱ was at least double of that in Tran-Ⅰ.In addition,a threefold increase of GFP in Tran-Ⅱwas induced by heat shock at 40°C.All of the results demonstrated that HSP70A-RBCS2 was more efficient than RBCS2 in expressing exogenous gene in C.reinhardtii.  相似文献