The use of sedimentary algal pigments to infer historic algal communities in Lake Apopka,Florida   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Matthew?N.?WatersEmail author  Claire?L.?Schelske  William?F.?Kenney  Andrew?D.?Chapman 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2005,33(1):53-71

The primary producer community of Lake Apopka, a large (125 km²), shallow (mean depth, 1.7 m), polymictic Florida lake, shifted from macrophyte dominance to phytoplankton dominance in the 1940s. Today, frequent wind resuspension of highly organic, unconsolidated sediments supports a meroplanktonic community that is predominantly diatoms, but during calm periods the algal community is dominated by planktonic cyanobacteria. Sedimentary algal pigments (chlorophyll derivatives and carotenoids) and chemical proxies for nutrient enrichment (polyphosphate, total phosphorus and biogenic silica) in three sediment cores were used to investigate historic changes in primary producers. Sediments were separated into three stratigraphic zones using multivariate statistical techniques. Stratigraphic zonation was established in each core although sediment deposition at one site was insufficient to adequately resolve temporal changes. These results show the importance of selecting suitable sites for paleolimnological studies. The oldest zone represents macrophyte-derived sediments, and the two overlying zones represent phytoplankton-derived sediments deposited since the 1940s. Algal pigments in the most recent sediment zone show little degradation, which might be due to the presence of viable meroplankton in the sediment. After the initial primary producer shift from macrophytes to phytoplankton, the lake experienced a short period of cyanobacterial dominance followed by a period of benthic diatom abundance before being replaced by the present algal community consisting of cyanobacteria and meroplanktonic diatoms. Chlorophyll derivatives and carotenoids were highly correlated with total phosphorus. Historic trends inferred from the data include algal and cyanobacterial productivity that increased with increased phosphorus loading. The study demonstrates that valid paleolimnological proxies for historic eutrophication are available in loosely consolidated sediments of shallow, subtropical lakes.  相似文献   

Evidence for toxic cyanobacteria in sediments and the water-sediment interface of a tropical drinking water reservoir     

《Limnologica》2021

Cyanobacterial blooms in drinking water reservoirs constitute a health risk for humans and animals, especially in tropical zones where climate conditions may favour their prevalence throughout the year. The presence, viability, and toxicity of cyanobacteria were determined in the euphotic zone, in the water-sediment interface, and in the upper sediment fraction of the Riogrande II reservoir (Antioquia, Colombia), which provides drinking water for 1.4 million people. Cyanobacterial identification and quantification were performed in environmental samples of the euphotic zone and of the sediment-water interface. In addition, the effects of environmental parameters on occurrences of cyanobacteria were assessed and two microcystin synthetase (mcy) genes were extracted from water, interface, and sediment samples and quantified using qPCR. The viability of the cells in cultures from these different matrices was determined using chlorophyll-a measurements. Chlorophyll-a concentrations representing the biomass of cyanobacteria were higher at the interface than in the euphotic zone at all sampling sites. The potentially toxic genera Dolichospermum and Microcystis predominated in the euphotic zone and the interface, respectively. Moreover, the copy numbers of mcy genes was higher in cyanobacteria sampled at the interface and the upper sediment layers than in cyanobacteria sampled in the euphotic zone, which were correlated with the order Chroococcales. No impact of variation in environmental conditions on cyanobacterial abundance was observed. Viability of cyanobacterial cultures sampled from the interface and the upper sediment fraction showed the ability of cyanobacteria from several orders to proliferate under lab conditions. These results show that the surface sediment layer from Riogrande II serves as a sink for potentially toxic cyanobacteria which have the potential to recolonize and bloom in the water column.  相似文献   

Laboratory analysis of the effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide on respiration in biological soil crusts     

《Journal of Arid Environments》2013

Metabolic activity of Biological Soil Crusts (BSCs) is principally dependent on moisture availability, but also on temperature and light conditions. Less understood is how BSCs respond to elevated atmospheric CO₂. This paper reports laboratory experimental results of elevated atmospheric CO₂ on carbon fluxes for cyanobacterial BSCs. The study uses newly designed dynamic gas exchange chambers in which the internal atmosphere was controlled. CO₂ flux was monitored during controlled experiments in two phases under simulated rainfall events (2 & 5 mm plus control with no wetting) each lasting 3 days with a dry period in between. Phase 1 subjected crusts to 392 ppm CO₂ (representing ambient level) in dry air; in phase 2, the CO₂ concentration was 801 ppm. Both phases exhibited significant efflux (respiration) of CO₂ immediately after wetting, followed by substantial influx (sequestration) of CO₂. Samples subject to 2 mm wetting sequestered an order of magnitude more C under elevated CO₂ than at ambient CO₂; for samples subject to 5 mm wetting, this increase was threefold. The findings highlight the role of BSCs in future carbon budgets by enabling greater sequestration into dryland soils even under enhanced atmospheric CO₂ concentrations, following both light and heavy rainfall events.  相似文献   

How many seasons are there in a sub-tropical lake? A multivariate statistical approach to determine seasonality and its application to phytoplankton dynamics     

《Limnologica》2016

Seasonal patterns in factors that affect primary producers are an important part of defining the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems. However, defining seasonality is often more difficult in aquatic than in terrestrial ecosystems, particularly in subtropical and tropical environments. In this study, a long-term data set for a shallow subtropical lake (Lake George, Florida, USA) was used to investigate seasonality using a range of physical, chemical and hydrological parameters. K-means cluster analysis of monthly averages among 11 selected environmental factors across 18 years suggested the overall annual pattern consists of three different seasonal clusters: a cold season (January–April), a warm season (May–August) and a flushing season (September–December). High dissolved oxygen and increased Secchi depth are key features of the cold season, while the warm season is characterized by high mean light irradiances, temperature, rainfalls, total nitrogen and phytoplankton biomass (as chlorophyll a level). The flushing season is characterized by high river discharge rates and high levels of dissolved nutrients and colored organic matter. Multiple response permutation procedures indicated that these seasonal cluster arrangements were significantly different than randomly permuted clusters (A-statistics = 0.3314, significance of delta = 0.0160, based on 1000 permutations). Results from principal component analyses supported the presence of the three seasons in the lake. Linear models explaining chlorophyll a levels using the 3-season system generally indicated better ratios of explained variance compared to the models without seasonal alignments, further indicating that even for sub-tropical systems defining seasons provides a better understanding of phytoplankton dynamics. The approaches used in this study provide statistically-based multivariate tools for the definition of seasonality in aquatic ecosystems. The ability to accurately define seasons is a key step in modeling the structure and dynamics of aquatic ecosystem, which is essential to the development of effective management strategies in a rapidly changing world.  相似文献   

Influences of temperature and nutrients on Synechococcus abundance and biomass in the southern Mid-Atlantic Bight   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tiffany A. Moisan  Kristen L. Blattner  Carla P. Makinen 《Continental Shelf Research》2010

Synechococci are small (<1 μm) coccoid prokaryotes that play a significant ecological role in microbial food webs and are important contributors to carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycles. Under funding from NOAA and NASA, we developed a time series observatory to understand the seasonal variability of Synechococcus and other phytoplankton. Our goal is to understand the distribution and relative contribution of Synechococcus to the carbon cycle and how they relate to nutrients and temperature. Synechococcus in the southern Mid-Atlantic Bight exhibited a clear seasonal abundance pattern in both inshore and offshore waters—peaking in abundance (11×10⁴ cells ml⁻¹) during warm periods of summer. Synechococci were numerically important during periods of stratification when waters were warm and macronutrients were low. Using a simple algorithm to convert cellular volume to cellular carbon using image analysis, we estimated that Synechococcus cellular carbon ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 pg C per cell and was most significant compared to total particulate carbon in the summer peaking at ∼25% of the total carbon available. No direct correlations were found between Synechococcus abundance and nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, and silicate. However, inshore Synechococcus abundance peaked at 10⁴ cells ml⁻¹ when nitrogen concentrations were lowest. Our results suggest that Synechococcus is adapted to warm temperatures and are capable of demonstrating rapid growth during summer when macronutrients are limiting. The ability of Synechococcus to take advantage of high summer temperatures, low nutrient concentrations and low light levels allows them to maintain a picoplankton community during periods of low detritus and nanophytoplankton is nutrient limited. Temperature-dependence is important in altering the size spectrum of the phytoplankton community and affects the carbon cycle on the Mid Atlantic Bight.  相似文献   

一种环境敏感型造礁石珊瑚Pocillopora sp.共生虫黄藻和细菌的生态特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

梁甲元  邓传奇  许勇前  覃良云  陈金妮  葛瑞琪  黄学勇  余克服 《海洋学报》2022,44(2):102-112

在气候和人类活动的长期影响下,南海珊瑚礁演变出生境各异的珊瑚礁生态系统.珊瑚对特殊生境的适应离不开体内共生微生物类群的调节.分析共生微生物的生态特征有助于了解珊瑚的环境适应机制,同时可以对珊瑚未来的进化趋势做出评估.本研究从南海低纬度的南沙群岛(NS)和西沙群岛(XS)以及相对高纬度的海南陵水(LS)3个珊瑚礁区采集一...  相似文献   

海洋蓝细菌在微食物环中作用的初步研究   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

肖天  张武昌  王荣 《海洋科学》1999,23(5):48-51

在渤海,汇泉湾小型浮浮动物对蓝细菌有明显的捕食压力,春季,有小型浮游动物的实验水体中蓝细菌的日生长率为０．０２－０．２８／ｄ,甭除小型浮游动物的实验水体中蓝细菌的日生长率为０．３８－０．７０ｄ。  相似文献   

湖泊蓝藻多聚磷酸盐代谢机制及功能     

王梦梦  龚正文  陈成  樊梓豪  何堤  杨柳燕 《湖泊科学》2023,35(3):780-794

大规模蓝藻水华暴发对湖泊水生态系统健康和饮用水安全产生巨大危害,而湖泊水体磷是影响蓝藻水华暴发程度的重要生源要素。应对水体不同磷酸盐浓度,蓝藻高效运行磷酸盐转运系统和磷酸盐特殊转运系统,并合成多聚磷酸盐(聚磷)。蓝藻胞内存在颗粒态、胶体态和可溶态3种形态的聚磷,且不同形态的聚磷分布位置不同。不同蓝藻合成聚磷颗粒的大小、数量和合成期均有所差异。多聚磷酸盐激酶、多聚磷酸盐外切酶、多聚磷酸盐内切酶和P-AMP-磷酸转移酶分别催化聚磷的合成与分解。多聚磷酸盐是二价阳离子的螯合剂,也是磷酸盐及高能磷酸键的储藏库,为细胞生存提供阳离子、磷酸盐和能量,满足蓝藻生命活动过程中生理生化活动所需,具有抵御高温、高pH、紫外线和营养盐缺乏等环境胁迫的生理功能,提升其在不利环境中的生存能力。同时,在蓝藻水华持续暴发、湖泊藻型生境稳态和磷生物地球化学循环过程中聚磷发挥重要的生态功能。因此,蓝藻合成聚磷的分子生物学机制及生态功能研究能够阐明聚磷的存在如何改变湖泊水体—沉积物磷分配、食物网中磷传递等。而开展调控聚磷合成的技术研究,通过控制蓝藻合成聚磷来减轻蓝藻水华暴发规模,将为湖泊水体良性生态系统的重构提供新方法。  相似文献   

巨鲕的微生物成因:来自重庆石柱地区下寒武统的证据          下载免费PDF全文

段雄  时志强  金鑫  范鸿  姬国锋 《古地理学报》2015,17(2):241-248

巨鲕的产出时代多见于新元古代和早三叠世,而寒武纪的巨鲕却鲜见报道。近期,笔者在重庆石柱地区下寒武统天河板组中发现厚约35cm的透镜状巨鲕灰岩。在该层巨鲕灰岩中,巨鲕粒径一般为5～7mm,最大可达9mm,约占岩石组分的55％,与大量强烈重结晶的正常鲕粒伴生。钙质生物壳体较常见,颗粒间见亮晶方解石胶结物。研究区巨鲕最外圈纹层上常见蓝细菌化石,形成发育不完全的突起状“夭折的纹层”;巨鲕内的暗色纹层中亦见杂乱交错的、有一定重结晶的蓝细菌等微生物化石。故推测其为微生物成因形成的,且早寒武世频繁的强风暴背景和蓝细菌等微生物的积极参与是该层巨鲕形成的必备条件。  相似文献   

太湖北部隐藻生物量时空动态   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10  

刘霞  陆晓华  陈宇炜 《湖泊科学》2012,24(1):142-148

利用2005-2009年每月一次的监测资料,对太湖竺山湾、梅梁湾和贡湖湾理化因子和浮游植物,特别是隐藻生物量周年季节变化进行比较研究,探讨环境因子以及蓝藻变化对隐藻生物量的影响.结果显示,竺山湾内隐藻平均生物量(1.89 mg/L)高于梅梁湾(0.87 mg/L)、贡湖湾(0.43 mg/L).2008-2009年隐藻平均生物量(2.12 mg/L)高于2005-2007年平均生物量(0.28 mg/L).通过与环境冈子的时空差异比较分析,竺山湾内高营养盐浓度、高有机质浓度和高悬浮质浓度使得隐藻更具有竞争优势,而贡湖湾内浮游动物的摄食作用可能限制了隐藻生物量.同时,太湖隐藻与蓝藻的竞争演替趋势明显,春夏季高温和蓝藻的过度繁盛可能对隐藻的生长产生抑制作用.  相似文献