Geochemistry and mineralogy of REY-rich mud in the eastern Indian Ocean     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2014

Deep-sea sediments in parts of the Pacific Ocean were recently found to contain remarkably high concentrations of rare-earth elements and yttrium (REY) of possible economic significance. Here we report similar REY-rich mud in a core section from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 213 in the eastern Indian Ocean. The sediments consist mainly of siliceous ooze, with subordinate zeolitic clay that contains relatively high REY concentrations. The maximum and average total REY (ΣREY) contents of this material are 1113 and 629 ppm, respectively, which are comparable to those reported from the Pacific Ocean. The REY-rich mud at Site 213 shows enrichment in heavy rare-earth elements, negative Ce anomalies, and relatively low Fe₂O₃/ΣREY ratios, similar to those in the Pacific Ocean. In addition, the major-element composition of the Indian Ocean REY-rich mud indicates slight enrichment in lithogenic components, which probably reflects a contribution from southern African eolian dust. A volcaniclastic component from neighboring mid-ocean ridges or intraplate volcanoes is also apparent. Elemental compositions and X-ray diffraction patterns for bulk sediment, and microscopic observation and elemental mapping of a polished thin section, demonstrate the presence of phillipsite and biogenic apatite, such as fish debris, in the REY-rich mud. The strong correlation between total REY content and apatite abundance implies that apatite plays an important role as a host phase of REY in the present deep-sea sediment column. However, positive correlations between ΣREY and elements not present in apatite (e.g., Fe₂O₃, MnO, and TiO₂) imply that the REY-rich mud is not formed by a simple mixture of REY-enriched apatite and other components.  相似文献   

长江口外泥沙向南输运速率的变化探讨——以朱家尖岛附近海域为例     

吴晗  杨世伦  邓兵  张卫国  罗向欣  张朝阳 《上海国土资源》2014,(1):77-82

采用浅地层剖面测量、沉积物柱样测年和海图水深计算对比相结合的方法,探讨位于长江入海泥沙向南输送通道上的朱家尖岛海域的泥质沉积速率的历史变化,并通过水文泥沙测量和沉积物取样分析寻找长江入海泥沙向南输送的佐证。结果表明:朱家尖岛海域全新世海平面上升以来泥质沉积厚度为5~20m,相当于沉积速率0.06~0.25cm/yr;1840~1960年区域平均沉积速率为1.4cm/yr,近60年沉积速率仅为此前120年沉积速率的一半左右。据此推断:全新世后期以来该海域泥质沉积速率先后经历了一个长期(千年尺度)缓慢的增大阶段和一个短期(年代尺度)迅速的减小阶段,与长江流域人类活动和河口湾充填作用共同造成的入海泥沙通量的总体变化趋势相吻合。  相似文献   

胜利埕岛海域海底松软沉积物声学探测方法探讨   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杨柳  刘效国  仲德林 《海岸工程》2004,23(2):51-57

胜利埕岛海域位于复杂的黄河三角洲沉积体系中．由于黄河的断流,在风浪和海流作用下原三角洲体系受到侵蚀．在部分海底具有松散沉积物沉积。采用侧扫声纳、双频测深仪及浅地层剖面仪3种海上物探方法,对埕岛海域海底松软沉积物进行声学探测,确定了浮泥、软土层顶、海底界面及浮泥和软土层和海底界面及浮泥和软土层的厚度,研究了埕岛海域海底松软沉积物的基本分布变化规律,为今后海洋工程地质勘察海底松软沉积物奠定了基础。  相似文献   

龙凤山气田易漏失井固井工艺技术研究与应用          下载免费PDF全文

马艳超 《探矿工程》2017,44(6):58-61

龙凤山气田属于典型的裂缝性储层,钻井过程中漏失问题突出。该气田地层压力系数低、气层活跃、井壁稳定性差,固井难度较大。针对本区块特点,强化固井工艺措施,做好钻完井过程的防漏、承压堵漏工作,优选完井方法,采用变排量顶替工艺技术,开展低密度水泥浆体系优选研究,合理设计浆柱结构,有效地解决了固井过程中的漏失和候凝期间气窜等问题,保证了固井质量,实现了油层的有效封固,现场应用效果良好。  相似文献   

新疆乌苏泥火山地球化学特征及其泥浆源     

樊海龙  彭传凯  余心起  陈晶源  李江涛  乔东海  郭建明  许世阳 《地质通报》2017,36(8):1428-1438

泥火山是地质流体活动的结果,喷发需具备泥浆源、泥浆运移通道和水补给3个条件。对乌苏泥火山8个喷口泥浆进行岩石地球化学分析,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损,轻、重稀土元素平均比值为6.81,泥浆中富集大离子亲石元素Ba、Rb等,高场强元素Nb、Ta强烈亏损,Th弱亏损,(La/Yb)_N值为5.47,Ce/La值为2.22,球粒陨石标准异常值δEu显示中等负异常(0.760~0.805);Sr/Ba值为0.33~1.01(平均值0.60),表明源岩为陆相沉积且古盐度较低,Ce/La(2.22)、Ce_(anom)(-0.007)、V/(V+Ni)(0.78)值均指示源岩形成于还原环境。稀土、微量元素分析及地层对比分析表明,乌苏泥火山源岩来自于下侏罗统八道湾组、三工河组,为河流沼泽相-半深湖相含煤地层代表的弱还原-还原沉积环境,源岩的最大埋藏深度为7~8km。泥火山源岩的研究为指示油页岩、烃类物质的位置提供了证据。  相似文献   

Discovery of the southwest Dongsha Island mud volcanoes amid the northern margin of the South China Sea     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

The Dongsha Basin, circling Dongsha Island that is amid the northern margin of the South China Sea, is characterized by thin (∼0.5 km) Cenozoic sediments veneering on thick (up to 5 km) Mesozoic strata. Recently, several geophysical and geological surveys, including multiple channel reflection seismic, sub-bottom profiling and benthic dredging, have been conducted on the slope southwest to the Dongsha Island, where the water depth varies from 400 m to 2000 m. A novel discovery is numerous submarine mud volcanoes of various sizes over there, typically 50–200 m high and 0.5–5 km wide. Geophysical profiles document their unusual features, e.g., roughly undulating seafloor, high-amplitude seabed reflectivity, foggy hyperbolic diffractions up to 50 m in water column above seabed, and internal reflection chaos and wipe-out down to 2–3 km level or deeper below the seabed. Benthic dredging from the mud volcanoes gives abundant faunas of high diversity, e.g., scleractinian (stony coral), gorgonian, black coral, thiophil tubeworm, glass sponge, bryozoan etc., indicating booming chemosynthetic community, among which the Lophelia pertusa-like coral and the Euretidae-like glass sponges are the first reports in the South China Sea. Concomitantly with them, there are also abundant authigenic carbonate nodules and slabs, raw, brecciated and breccias with bio-clasts congregation. Besides, there coexist massive mudflows and allogenic coarse-grained quartz, feldspar and tourmaline most likely brought out by mud volcanism. Geochemical analysis of the bottom water samples give dissolved methane concentration up to 4 times higher than the background average. These results lend comprehensive evidences for the ongoing and historical mud volcanism. The escaping methane gas is inferred to source mainly from the Mesozoic strata. Occupying a large province of the deep water slope, ca. 1000 km² or more, the mud volcanoes is prospective for gas hydrate and natural gas for the Dongsha Basin.  相似文献   

基于光纤检测技术的夹泥灌注桩模型试验     

雷文凯  肖衡林  张金团  刘永莉  范萌 《岩土力学》2018,39(3):909-916

将分布式光纤传感技术用于夹泥灌注桩定量检测。建立了加热光纤与桩身介质的单层圆筒壁一维传热模型,利用桩体中光纤的温升变化规律检测夹泥桩的含泥量。开展含泥量分别为0、33.3%、50.0%、66.7%、100.0%的夹泥桩光纤检测模型试验,确定合适的加热功率范围和加热时间,并对光纤传感器进行标定,研究不同夹泥桩中光纤温升变化情况和桩身介质导热系数,发现在相同加热功率下,随着含泥量增大,光纤温升速率变快、增加幅度变大。进一步分析表明,含泥量与桩身介质导热系数之间存在确定的线性关系,并推导出两者数量关系式。通过声波检测对比试验,分析了该技术的测量精度。结果表明,桩体含泥量大于10%时,光纤检测法的精度与声波检测法较为接近。通过以上研究,为定量检测灌注桩的完整性提供了一种思路。  相似文献   

超厚水敏性地层强抑制性泥浆的研究及应用     

贺冰新  乌效鸣  胡郁乐 《地质科技情报》1999,(Z1)

针对在西安闫良地区水井勘探开发中,钻遇近１０００ｍ厚的第四系、第三系水敏性覆盖层难以成孔下管的严重问题,通过理论分析及室内试验,优选出抑制性强、流变性好、经济实用的泥浆配方,并在现场使用中得到了验证  相似文献   

ZX-200泥浆净化装置的研制及其在三峡工程中的应用     

张沛强  陈益人 《地质科技情报》1999,(Z1)

ＺＸ－２００泥浆净化装置是一种用于人工造浆的地连墙及灌注桩工程施工的技术先进、性能可靠的泥浆处理设备。阐述了ＺＸ－２００泥浆净化装置的研制思路、工作原理及现场布置方案  相似文献   

盐水泥浆的动态滤失性能和与 储层相容性的试验研究     

张琰 《现代地质》1998,12(1):97-102

摘 要 为了确定 NaCl 泥浆的动态滤失性能和与储层的相容性‚进行了一系列动态岩心流动 试验‚试验岩心为 Bentheimer 砂岩。泥浆固相颗粒和滤液引起的储层伤害程度是借助于岩心 各段伤害率 （ SDR 值） 进行评价的。试验在德国 Clausthal 工业大学深钻所研制的动态井底模 拟循环试验装置上进行。试验研究选用了两种泥浆配方。动态循环试验中还测量了滤液总量 以及污染前后岩心的渗透率。试验研究结果表明所研制的 NaCl 泥浆和模拟储层的相容性很 好。试验研究还探讨了高温和油水两相条件下泥浆对储层的伤害程度以及对滤液总量的影响。  相似文献