Dynamic model of mesoscale eddies. Eddy parameterization for coarse resolution ocean circulation models     

Mikhail S. Dubovikov 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(1):19-47

In the framework of the eddy dynamic model developed in two previous papers (Dubovikov, M.S., Dynamical model of mesoscale eddies, Geophys. Astophys. Fluid Dyn., 2003, 97, 311–358; Canuto, V.M. and Dubovikov, M.S., Modeling mesoscale eddies, Ocean Modelling, 2004, 8, 1–30 referred as I–II), we compute the contribution of unresolved mesoscale eddies to the large-scale dynamic equations of the ocean. In isopycnal coordinates, in addition to the bolus velocity discussed in I–II, the mesoscale contribution to the large scale momentum equation is derived. Its form is quite different from the traditional down-gradient parameterization. The model solutions in isopycnal coordinates are transformed to level coordinates to parameterize the eddy contributions to the corresponding large scale density and momentum equations. In the former, the contributions due to the eddy induced velocity and to the residual density flux across mean isopycnals (so called Σ-term) are derived, both contributions being shown to be of the same order. As for the large scale momentum equation, as well as in isopycnal coordinates, the eddy contribution has a form which is quite different from the down-gradient expression.  相似文献   

Two-dimensional density currents in a confined basin     

M. G. Wells  J. S. Wettlaufer 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(3):199-218

We present new experimental results on the mechanisms through which steady two-dimensional density currents lead to the formation of a stratification in a closed basin. A motivation for this work is to test the underlying assumptions in a diffusive “filling box” model that describes the oceanic thermohaline circulation (Hughes, G.O. and Griffiths, R.W., A simple convective model of the global overturning circulation, including effects of entrainment into sinking regions, Ocean Modeling, 2005, submitted.). In particular, they hypothesized that a non-uniform upwelling velocity is due to weak along-slope entrainment in density currents associated with a large horizontal entrainment ratio of E _eq ?～?0.1. We experimentally measure the relationship between the along-slope entrainment ratio, E, of a density current to the horizontal entrainment ratio, E _eq, of an equivalent vertical plume. The along-slope entrainment ratios show the same quantitative decrease with slope as observed by Ellison and Turner (, 6, 423–448.), whereas the horizontal entrainment ratio E _eq appears to asymptote to a value of E eq?=?0.08 at low slopes. Using the measured values of E _eq we show that two-dimensional density currents drive circulations that are in good agreement with the two-dimensional filling box model of Baines and Turner (Baines, W.D. and Turner, J.S., Turbulent buoyant convection from a source in a confined region, J. Fluid. Mech., 1969, 37, 51–80.). We find that the vertical velocities of density fronts collapse onto their theoretical prediction that U =-2^?2/3 B ^1/3 E _eq ^2/3 (H/R) ζ, where U is the velocity, H the depth, B the buoyancy flux, R the basin width, E _eq the horizontal entrainment ratio and?ζ?= z/H the dimensionless depth. The density profiles are well fitted with?Δ?= 2^?1/3 B ^2/3 E _eq ^?2/3 H _-1 [ln(ζ )?+?τ ], where?τ?is the dimensionless time. Finally, we provide a simple example of a diffusive filling box model, where we show how the density stratification of the deep Caribbean waters (below 1850?m depth) can be described by a balance between a steady two-dimensional entraining density current and vertical diffusion in a triangular basin.  相似文献   

大规模地形实时显示中的裂隙消除算法研究     

张俊峰  刘文玉  邓荣鑫  李名勇 《测绘科学》2013,38(4):80-82,100

传统大规模地形实时显示中的裂隙消除算法强制要求的结点依赖关系会带来地形表达失真,或者因算法过于复杂而不能应用于大规模地形等问题。本文针对大规模RSG地形数据,提出四叉树孤立分割思想,设计并实现了地形规则分块后,利用添加拆分点和平均高程值消除单块内和多块间裂隙的算法。经初步试验表明,该算法不仅简单快捷,且使地形各个区域均可自适应地满足精度要求,具有较高的实用价值,对其他模型的裂隙消除也是一种借鉴。  相似文献   

A 3D gravity data interpretation of the Matagami mining camp, Abitibi Subprovince, Superior Province, Québec, Canada: Application to VMS deposit exploration     

Pierre Boszczuk  Li Zhen Cheng  Hanafi Hammouche  Patrice Roy  Sylvain Lacroix  Alain Cheilletz 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2011,75(1):77-86

Two inversions, unconstrained and constrained, of a gravity survey of the Matagami mining camp (Abitibi Archaean Subprovince, Canada) have been performed in order to identify the downward extension of a rhyolitic horizon hosting VMS-type base metals deposit and the morphologies of the major felsic plutons. A comparative study exhibits the similarities between measured and calculated densities from chemical compositions of the Matagami lithologies. This allows building an initial 3D geodensity model which integrates densities and available structural and geological surface mapping data. This model is integrated during the iteration process of the constrained inversion in the objective function. The resulting true density model and two derived cross-sections upgrade the 3D imaging of this area. Also, the model gives new insight for regional geological interpretation exposing possible shapes of the main geological units at depth and suggests the potential existence of deep fertile geological bodies.  相似文献   

煤样制备对视相对密度检测的影响因素     

董梅  宋晓林 《云南地质》2011,30(2):210-212

多方面原因影响煤样视相对密度项目检测。对多个样品检测数据的汇总和对比,深入讨论样品制备阶段对视相对密度检测结果的影响因素。  相似文献   

基于居民点密度的人口密度空间化   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

闫庆武  卞正富  张萍  王红 《地理与地理信息科学》2011,27(5):95-98

提出了一种基于居民点密度的人口密度空间化方法。以江苏省人口数据空间化为例,在采用核密度估计法得到江苏省镇(乡、街道)居民点密度后,运用基于居民点密度的人口密度空间化计算公式获得江苏省1 000m×1 000m的人口密度格网图,结果表明:江苏省人口分布的热点地区正是在建的三大都市圈(苏锡常都市圈、南京都市圈和徐州都市圈),其中苏锡常都市圈的人口分布呈现各向异性,而南京和徐州都市圈的人口分布则表现为各向同性;人口密度不仅取决于居民点密度,还与平均每个居民点的人口数密切相关,居民点密度大的区域的人口密度不一定大,居民点密度小的区域的人口密度也不一定小。  相似文献   

城市老工业区创意转型路径研究:以北京石景山为例     

尹贻梅  刘志高  刘卫东  戴俊骋 《地理与地理信息科学》2011,27(6):55-60

城市老工业区改造是当今城市发展面临的一个重要科学问题。近年来,发展创意产业成为发达国家和地区实现老工业城市再生的重要战略举措。国外对老工业城市创意转型的研究主要集中在老工业区创意转型的现状与成效,而较少对其机理层面进行理论剖析。该文以路径依赖和路径创新为理论依据,以北京石景山老工业区创意产业发展为例,研究城市老工业区创意产业发展的路径和机理。介绍了路径依赖、锁定、路径创新等概念及其对老工业区转型的解释;分析了石景山老工业区的历史由来及存在的问题,探索了石景山老工业区创意产业的发展路径,即工业设计与研发、数字娱乐产业和娱乐休闲旅游业;最后提出政府在转型过程中所应承担的责任。  相似文献   

后赤潮过程中现场水样的三维荧光光谱特征分析     

吴永森  吴绍渊  李赟  李瑞香  殷月芬 《海洋与湖沼》2011,42(6):892-898

对发生在青岛近岸水域的后赤潮过程中赤潮藻密度、藻种进行鉴别的同时,对现场水样的三维荧光光谱进行了测量,获得了一套三维特征荧光数据。分析结果表明,1）当海水中生物密度达到或接近赤潮密度时,Ex最高峰值波长位于245nm,Em最高峰值波长在445nm,激发转折波长在260nm,荧光转折波长在245nm;2）在非赤潮区,Ex...  相似文献   

Deep-sea nematode assemblage has not recovered 26 years after experimental mining of polymetallic nodules (Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, Tropical Eastern Pacific)     

Dmitry M. Miljutin  Maria A. MiljutinaPedro Martínez Arbizu  Joëlle Galéron 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(8):885-897

We investigated nematode assemblages inhabiting the 26-year-old track created by experimental deep-sea mining of polymetallic nodules, and two adjacent, undisturbed sites, one with nodules and one without nodules. The aim was to compare density, assemblage structure, and diversity indices in order to assess the process of recovery of the nematode assemblage inhabiting the disturbed site. This experimental dredging was conducted in 1978 by the Ocean Minerals Company (USA) in the area of a French mining claim in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (Tropical Eastern Pacific) at a depth of about 5000 m. The nematode assemblage had not returned its initial state 26 years after the experimental dredging: the total nematode density and biomass within the dredging track were significantly lower than outside the track; the biodiversity indices showed significantly lower nematode diversity within the track; and the structure of the nematode assemblage within the track differed significantly from those in the two undisturbed sites outside the track. However, there were no significant differences in the mean body volumes of adult nematodes and adult-juvenile ratios between the track and reference sites. Parameters such as the rate of sediment restoration (which depends on local hydrological conditions) and the degree and character of the disturbance appeared to be of considerable importance for the recovery rate of the deep-sea nematode assemblages and their ability to recolonize disturbed areas. The rates of recolonization and recovery may vary widely in different deep-sea regions.  相似文献   

规模报酬递增与京津冀都市区经济增长     

郭腾云  董冠鹏  孙威 《地理研究》2011,30(10):1873-1881

借助Verdoorn法则,并将其拓展至区域经济研究框架,以京津冀都市区为研究区域,将其经济增长过程分为1995～2000年、2000～2007年及1995～2007年3个时段,采用Spa-tial Durbin Model和空间贝叶斯异方差回归模型将空间自相关和空间异质性纳入传统Ver-doorn法则的经验估计中,得到...  相似文献