全文获取类型
收费全文 | 866篇 |
免费 | 147篇 |
国内免费 | 108篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 295篇 |
大气科学 | 113篇 |
地球物理 | 177篇 |
地质学 | 225篇 |
海洋学 | 130篇 |
天文学 | 11篇 |
综合类 | 66篇 |
自然地理 | 104篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 5篇 |
2023年 | 8篇 |
2022年 | 30篇 |
2021年 | 24篇 |
2020年 | 25篇 |
2019年 | 49篇 |
2018年 | 31篇 |
2017年 | 44篇 |
2016年 | 35篇 |
2015年 | 50篇 |
2014年 | 68篇 |
2013年 | 69篇 |
2012年 | 75篇 |
2011年 | 67篇 |
2010年 | 39篇 |
2009年 | 41篇 |
2008年 | 51篇 |
2007年 | 65篇 |
2006年 | 60篇 |
2005年 | 48篇 |
2004年 | 40篇 |
2003年 | 33篇 |
2002年 | 24篇 |
2001年 | 16篇 |
2000年 | 17篇 |
1999年 | 18篇 |
1998年 | 16篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1121条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
101.
Haibo Hu 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(9):1765-1780
An algorithm was developed for converting radar data from matrix format into polygons that can be easily visualized, processed, and analyzed using Geographic Information Systems. Spatial operators can be used to overlap radar polygons with land surface features represented by points, lines, and polygons to meet the demands of severe weather identification and tracking and risk recognition. Application and testing of the algorithm demonstrate that the converted radar polygons are suitable for use in weather modification, risk assessments of flash floods in urban areas, and the identification of lightning activity for lightning risk recognition, all of which are essential in real-time severe weather monitoring and warning. 相似文献
102.
Real-time smooth reactive control and optimal damping of wave energy converters in irregular waves is difficult in part because the radiation impulse response function is real and causal, which constrains the frequency-dependent added mass and radiation damping according to the Kramers–Kronig relations. Optimal control for maximum energy conversion requires independent synthesis of the impulse response functions corresponding to these two quantities. Since both are non-causal (one being odd and other even), full cancellation of reactive forces and matching of radiation damping requires knowledge or estimation of device velocity into the future. To address this difficulty and the non-causality of the exciting force impulse response function, this paper investigates the use of propagating-wave surface elevation up-wave of the device to synthesize the necessary forces. Long-crested waves are assumed, and the approach is based on the formulations of Naito and Nakamura [2] and Falnes [22]. A predominantly heaving submerged device comprised of three vertically stacked discs driving a linear power take-off is studied. The overall formulation leads to smooth control that is near-optimal, given the approximations involved in the time-shifting of the non-causal impulse response functions and the consequent up-wave distances at which wave surface elevation is required. Absorbed power performance with the near-optimal approach is compared with two other cases, (i) when single-frequency tuning is used based on non-real time adjustment of the reactive and resistive loads to maximize conversion at the spectral peak frequency, and (ii) when no control is applied with damping set to a constant value. Simulation results for wave spectra over a range of energy periods and significant wave heights are compared for the three situations studied. While practical implementation presents engineering challenges, in terms of time-averaged absorbed power, unconstrained near-optimal control is found to perform significantly better than single-frequency tuning in the spectra with longer energy periods (>10 s for the present device), and somewhat better in the spectra with shorter energy periods (here ≤10 s). 相似文献
103.
A direct-drive wave energy conversion system based on a three-phase permanent magnet tubular linear generator (PMTLG) and a heaving buoy is proposed to convert wave energy into electrical energy. Sufficient experimental methods are adopted to compare the computer simulations, the validity of which is verified by the experiment results from a wave tank laboratory. In the experiment, the motion curves of heaving buoy are with small fluctuations, mainly caused by the PMTLG's detent force. For the reduction of these small fluctuations and a maximum operational efficiency of the direct-drive wave energy conversion system, the PMTLG's detent force minimization technique and the heaving buoy optimization will be discussed. It is discovered that the operational efficiency of the direct-drive wave energy conversion system increases dramatically after optimization. The experiment and optimization results will provide useful reference for the future research on ocean wave energy conversion system. 相似文献
104.
105.
GPS定位技术已经被广泛地运用并发展成为一个真正的三维测量工具。GPS CORS系统是GPS的连续运行参考站,是在一个城市、一个地区、或一个国家范围内,根据要求按一定距离间隔,建立常年连续运行的若干个固定GNSS参考站,组成的网络系统。本文通过对GPSRTK测量中遇到的不同坐标系统的分析,阐明了不同坐标系统之间数据转换的本质。结合在生产中使用的GPSRTK设备,说明了WGS-84坐标系向地方坐标系转换的一般过程和注意事项;对GPSRTK测量中遇到的不同坐标系统,进行理论上和实践上的研究,达到了预期效果,掌握了中海达V8GNSS RTK接收机在GPSRTK测量中的使用问题。 相似文献
106.
简要介绍在全国第二次土地调查(城镇部分)工作中,运用Visual C#程序语言、AutoCAD和MapGIS软件的二次开发技术,实现了南方CASS数据和MapGIS数据的无缝转换。 相似文献
107.
基于GIS数据转换在专题地图制作中的应用方法研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
阐述如何将GIS数据成果应用到专题地图生产中,发挥其空间数据库与属性数据库的特点优势,为经济建设和社会可持续性发展发挥重要作用。 相似文献
108.
北京地区Landsat 8 OLI高空间分辨率气溶胶光学厚度反演 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
卫星气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)反演中,传统暗目标方法在反射率较低的水体、浓密植被覆盖区域取得了较好效果,在反射率较高且结构复杂的高反射地表上空目前多采用深蓝算法,但存在空间分辨率较低,对细节分布描述性较差等问题。为解决这一问题,本文首先以5年(2008年—2012年)长时间序列MODIS地表反射率产品为基础,采用最小值合成法建立500 m分辨率逐月地表反射率产品数据集,然后利用地物波谱库中典型地物波谱数据,分析建立MODIS与Landsat 8 OLI传感器蓝光波段反射率转换模型,最后北京地区AERONET地基观测数据确定了气溶胶光学物理参数,并反演获取了北京地区上空500 m分辨率的AOD分布。为验证反演算法的精度,分别将反演结果同AERONET及MODIS/Terra气溶胶产品(MOD04)进行交叉对比,同时利用相关系数R,均方根误差RMSE,平均绝对误差MAE以及MODIS AOD产品预期误差EE共4个指标进行衡量。结果表明:算法反演获取的AOD与AERONET观测值具有较高的一致性,各指标分别为R=0.963,RMSE=0.156,MAE=0.097,EE=85.3%,稍优于MOD04产品(R=0.962,RMSE=0.158,MAE=0.101,EE=75.8%),并且有效的对比点数也高于MOD04。通过与地基观测相比,卫星遥感获取的高分辨率城市地区AOD精度可作为定量评估城市空气质量的有效依据。 相似文献
109.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(2):101325
Rapid industrialization and urbanization along with a growing population are contributing significantly to air pollution in China. Evaluation of long-term aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from models and reanalysis, can greatly promote understanding of spatiotemporal variations in air pollution in China. To do this, AOD (550 nm) values from 2000 to 2014 were obtained from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CIMP6), the second version of Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research, and Applications (MERRA-2), and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS; flying on the Terra satellite) combined Dark Target and Deep Blue (DTB) aerosol product. We used the Terra-MODIS DTB AOD (hereafter MODIS DTB AOD) as a standard to evaluate CMIP6 Ensemble AOD (hereafter CMIP6 AOD) and MERRA-2 reanalysis AOD (hereafter MERRA-2 AOD). Results show better correlations and smaller errors between MERRA-2 and MODIS DTB AOD, than between CMIP6 and MODIS DTB AOD, in most regions of China, at both annual and seasonal scales. However, significant under- and over-estimations in the MERRA-2 and CMIP6 AOD were also observed relative to MODIS DTB AOD. The long-term (2000–2014) MODIS DTB AOD distributions show the highest AOD over the North China Plain (0.71) followed by Central China (0.69), Yangtse River Delta (0.67), Sichuan Basin (0.64), and Pearl River Delta (0.54) regions. The lowest AOD values were recorded over the Tibetan Plateau (0.13 ± 0.01) followed by Qinghai (0.19 ± 0.03) and the Gobi Desert (0.21 ± 0.03). Large amounts of sand and dust particles emitted from natural sources (the Taklamakan and Gobi Deserts) may result in higher AOD in spring compared to summer, autumn, and winter. Trends were also calculated for 2000–2005, for 2006–2010 (when China introduced strict air pollution control policies during the 11th Five Year Plan or FYP), and for 2011–2014 (during the 12th FYP). An increasing trend in MODIS DTB AOD was observed throughout the country during 2000–2014. The uncontrolled industrialization, urbanization, and rapid economic development that mostly occurred from 2000 to 2005 probably contributed to the overall increase in AOD. Finally, China's air pollution control policies helped to reduce AOD in most regions of the country; this was more evident during the 12th FYP period (2011–2014) than during the 11th FYP period (2006–2010). Therefore this study strongly advises the authority to retain or extend these policies in the future for improving air quality. 相似文献
110.