Comparison of toxicity between populations of Gonyaulax tamarensis of eastern North American waters     

Lucie Maranda  Donald M. Anderson  Yuzuru Shimizu 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,21(3):401-410

Isolates of the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax tamarensis were established from benthic cysts or motile cells collected along the north-western Atlantic coast from the Bay of Fundy to Long Island. All clones were grown under the same conditions and assayed in a blind test for toxin content and composition. Differences in toxin content (μmouse unit per cell) spanning two orders of magnitude were found, with decreasing toxicity from north to south. Some isolates had undetectable toxin levels. The low toxicity of southern strains of G. tamarensis may explain the historical absence of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in areas where cysts and motile cells have been reported. The cause of the observed geographic pattern is unknown, but is does suggest that there may be an environmentally-determined southern limit to the regional PSP problem.Qualitative data on the toxin composition of some clones indicate that saxitoxin, neosaxitoxin and gonyautoxins -II, -III and -IV are generally present. A more quantitative approach (i.e. one which examines each isolate for all of the 12 Gonyaulax toxins) is needed to fully utilize the potential of toxin composition in discriminating between strains.  相似文献   

浙江近岸海域贝类中重金属和贝毒污染状况研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

母清林  王晓华  佘运勇  邹伟明  王剑  王艳华 《海洋科学》2013,37(1):87-91

在浙江近岸海域采集了青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)、毛蚶(Scapharca subcrenata)、厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)、缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)、泥螺(Bullacta exarata)、菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippi-narum)、文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)、僧帽牡蛎(Ostrea cucullata)和栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)共9种贝类计29份样品,检测其中重金属汞、砷、铜、铅、锌、镉以及麻痹性贝毒和腹泻性贝毒.结果表明,瑞安毛蚶、瑞安栉孔扇贝中有麻痹性贝类毒素检出,嵊泗文蛤、毛蚶和乐清牡蛎中存在重金属超标的情况;牡蛎对汞、铜、锌、镉有较强的富集能力.  相似文献   

改性粘土絮凝后残留的太平洋亚历山大藻(Alexandrium pacificum)毒素变化研究     

宋维佳  宋秀贤  李靖  张悦  申慧慧  张培培  俞志明 《海洋与湖沼》2021,52(4):917-924

改性粘土法是一种高效、环保的有害藻华应急处置技术,可通过絮凝作用有效去除水体中藻华生物。但利用改性粘土絮凝产毒藻后,水体中胞内外藻毒素的变化情况目前尚不清楚。文章考察了I型改性粘土(MCI)絮凝典型产毒甲藻——太平洋亚历山大藻(Alexandriumpacificum)后,水体中残留藻细胞内和胞外麻痹性贝类毒素(paralytic shellfish toxins, PSTs)含量、组分的变化情况。实验结果表明, MC I对密度为6.11×10~3 cells/mL的A. pacificum 3小时去除率达62%,水体中残留藻细胞单细胞毒素含量和PSTs组分与对照组无显著差异,但水体中总PSTs含量大大降低,其中由絮凝沉降导致的胞内PSTs被去除量占水体中PSTs总减少量的90%以上。另外,针对MC I对胞外PSTs吸附效果的研究发现,低于0.5 g/L的MC I对胞外PSTs无明显吸附效果,而在利用0.2 g/L MC I絮凝去除大部分亚历山大藻后,水体中胞外PSTs含量无明显变化。由此可以推测该用量下的MC I未造成大量藻细胞破裂向水体中释放毒素。该研究结果将为改性粘土治理有毒甲藻藻华的现场应用提供科学依据。  相似文献   

渤海近岸海域石油类污染变化趋势   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

刘亮 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(1):88-93

利用渤海海域多年来的环境监测数据,采用趋势变化图和Mann-Kendall统计检验法分析渤海近岸和各主要海湾河口海水、沉积物和贝类中石油类污染的变化趋势,并初步分析污染的来源。结果显示:沉积物和贝类中石油类的含量和超标率多年来呈现明显的上升趋势,海水变化则不够明显。由于石油类不易滞留于水相中,却倾向与沉积物结合或者富集于生物体内,因此沉积物和生物稳定地指示了海洋环境中石油类污染的变化情况。各主要海湾河口Mann-Kendall趋势统计结果显示:辽东湾、渤海湾、黄河口、莱州湾和大连近岸沉积物中石油类均呈现显著上升或者上升的变化趋势。渤海石油输入来源分析表明,陆源排污尤其是河流仍然是海洋中石油类最直接和最主要的来源,应该实现陆海统筹,实行总量控制。另外渔船排放石油类的量近年来增长较快,由于渔船属于线源排放,其污染面广,治理和清淤难度较大,因此也需要引起有关部门重视。  相似文献   

Okadaic acid, a causative toxin of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, in green-lipped mussels Perna viridis from Hong Kong fish culture zones: Method development and monitoring     

Kylie C.Y. Mak  H. Yu  M.C. Choi  Xiaoyun Shen  Michael H.W. Lam  M. Martin  Rudolf S.S. Wu  Patsy S. Wong  Bruce J. Richardson  Paul K.S. Lam   《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(8-12):1010

Green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis) were collected from seven fish culture zones (FCZs) in Hong Kong and analyzed for okadaic acid (OA). A conventional HPLC method was modified by incorporating a proteinase K digestion step. Results suggest that a higher recovery (2.5 times higher) of OA was obtained from spiked samples after the addition of 1.08 mg proteinase K in comparison with samples incubated without the proteolytic enzyme. For the hepatopancreas (HP) of individual field-collected mussels, the additional digestion step can enhance OA extraction by 3.1 times. Spatial and temporal variations in OA concentrations in the mussels from various FCZs were investigated. The highest concentration of OA in mussel HP samples was 1164.9 ng/g HP wet wt. With respect to OA concentrations in whole mussel tissues from seven sites and four seasonal samplings, the concentrations were between 70.0 and 131.0 ng/g wet wt., which did not exceed the generally recognized international regulatory criteria (>200 ng/g) for OA.  相似文献   

恒河流域地下水As中毒的特征及其对中国区域生态地球化学评价的启示     

成杭新  王文栋  赵传冬  刘英汉  庄广民  喻劲松  王晓丽 《地质通报》2005,24(8):694-699

恒河流域地下水舡中毒事件始于20世纪80年代。通过对恒河流域地下水舡中毒例案的时空演变、生态效应和成因的分析，指出中国正在开展的区域生态地球化学评价应从恒河流域舡中毒事件中吸取教训，尤其应关注中国长江流域发现的Cd异常带。沿江各省应有全局观念，把长江流域作为一个整体，开展Cd异常的区域生态地球化学评价。  相似文献   

我国海产贝类养殖进展及发展前景   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

王如才  郑小东 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,34(5):775-780

综述了我国贝类养殖中养殖面积、产量和养殖种类不断增加；苗种生产技术不断完善；引种和育种得到了飞速发展，混养与轮养技术取得的宝贵经验等成绩。总结了目前存在并急需解决的引种和育种、污染、超负荷养殖、病害等问题，提出了今后发展的方向和战略构想。  相似文献   

Reviewing the far-reaching ecological impacts of human-induced terrigenous sedimentation on shallow marine ecosystems in a northern-New Zealand embayment     

John D. Booth 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2020,54(4):593-613

ABSTRACT

Human settlement in Bay of Islands, New Zealand, beginning ～1300 AD, wrought immense, conspicuous and enduring change to local shallow-water marine ecologies, this review addressing those transformations attributable to increased rates of anthropogenically induced, land-derived sedimentation. Elevated silt inflow, particularly after the late-1800s, in course led to ～130% expansion in mangrove (Avicennia marina) cover, with concomitant loss of saltmarsh, uppershore coarse-shell beaches/cheniers, and (probably) intertidal seagrass (Zostera muelleri). Sedimentation also led to widespread loss of estuarine shellfish habitat, and, although not necessarily categorically causal, seems, at the same time to have contributed to such degradation among cockle (Austrovenus stutchburyi) populations that few individuals attain their potential size. Most changes, many seemingly irreversible, can be described as ecologically catastrophic, with ecosystems altered and destroyed, and uncommon habitats threatened. Sedimentation appears the single-most important and enduring contributor to ecological degradation in shallow waters of this northern harbour, with time lags between stressor-onset and realisation of impact (decades to centuries) that only now are becoming clear. Outstanding issues concern establishing the extent of relationship between levels of terrigenous sedimentation and cockles seldom attaining their previous maximum sizes, and origins of the possibly new, widespread phenomenon of living cockles accumulating and dying atop beach surfaces.  相似文献   

贝类同工酶技术的应用研究进展     

包永波  尤仲杰 《海洋学研究》2005,23(4):54-60

对近年来同工酶技术在贝类个体发育、组织特异性、亲缘鉴定、形态分类、群体遗传及生理病理诊断等方面的应用研究进行了系统总结和综合评述,为今后进一步开展研究贝类的生物遗传和养殖生产提供参考。  相似文献   

海洋经济贝类育种研究进展   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6  

包振民  万俊芬  王继业  汪小龙  王如才 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2002,32(4):567-573

本文简要回顾了近些年来海洋经济贝类育种现状 ,综述了传统的杂交育种和各种现代生物技术如多倍体、转基因和分子标记技术在贝类育种中所取得的成就 ,特别是近年来分子标记技术应用于贝类杂种优势预测 ,群体遗传结构分析和标记辅助选择等。为新品种的培育提供了高效而可靠的手段。该技术的应用可望在较短的时间内改变目前海洋贝类品种培育的落后局面  相似文献