Biostratigraphic Analysis of the Top Layer of Sediment Cores from the Reference and Test Sites of the INDEX Area     

Shyam M. Gupta 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(3):259-262

Abstract

Radiolarian fossil study in the sediment cores collected during the pre- and postdisturbance cruises of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Indian Ocean Experiment (INDEX) program of deep sea mining in the Central Indian Ocean Basin suggests a pronounced directional deposition of fossil radiolarians exhumed during the deep sea benthic disturbance experiment. The relative occurrences of the Stylatractus universus species that became extinct ～0.425 million years before present were mostly confined to the older and deeper strata of the sediment of the disturbance tract in the southwestern direction. This pattern is remarkable and suggests that the disturbance plume has been preferentially redeposited in the southwestern direction. This observation is in concurrence with the prevailing southwestern abyssal current during the disturbance experiment in the Central Indian Basin.  相似文献   

Seasonal patterns of benthic arthropods in a subtropical Andean basin     

Leticia M. Mesa  Hugo R. Fernández  María V. Manzo 《Limnologica》2009,39(2):152-162

We studied the seasonal variation of arthropod assemblages and the response to high discharge events in a subtropical Andean basin. Using abundance of common taxa and taxon richness of each sampled site, we examined the temporal variation of arthropods and related these changes with 12 environmental variables. Seasonal patterns of benthic arthropods were confirmed by uni- and multivariate techniques. Benthic abundance and taxon richness peaked on autumn-winter months, and declined abruptly on the month of peak discharge (summer season). Distinct taxonomic groups were dominant in each season influenced by discharge and seven chemical variables.Assemblage resistance to disturbance by spates was low. Rapid recovery of benthic arthropods after floods reflected high resilience of the system. The dominance of groups of short life cycles such as Ephemeroptera played an important role in this process.  相似文献   

Impact of stress and disturbance factors on the phytoplankton communities in Northeastern Brazil reservoir   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Naithirithi T. Chellappa  Thiago Chellappa  Fabiana R.A. Cmara  Odete Rocha  Sathyabama Chellappa 《Limnologica》2009,39(4):273-282

The ecology of phytoplankton reservoir communities plays a pivotal role in their management and in the development of inland fisheries in the water scarce semi-arid regions of Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. The hydrological conditions characterizing these reservoirs include infrequent rainfall and high evaporative loses. The phytoplankton assemblages in tropical climate are structured primarily on dry and wet cycles, not the annual temperature and light regime. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the ecological aspects of phytoplankton communities from three reservoirs during the period of July 2003–June 2004, which include atypical summer rainfall and reservoir overflow. The environmental data broadly divided into two categories, stress factors and disturbance factors. The stress factors deals with the impact of high particulate organic matter and low dissolved oxygen concentrations and disturbance factors, linked to water level fluctuation through flushing and reservoir drawdown, and these events are associated with the phytoplankton assemblages. Results indicated that the three distinct hydroperiods determined the structure of phytoplankton and chlorophyll levels and limited the presence and relative abundance of cyanobacterial species. Phytoplankton succession accompanied changes in clear and turbid water phase represented by the alternate dominance between diatoms and chlorophytes. Inundation and complete filling of reservoir stimulated “s” and “r” strategists species (<20 um) of unicellular and some colonial members of chlorophytes and cryptomonads in highly turbid water environment, and “c” strategist species in rest of the wet period following disturbance gradients. Statistical analysis elicited a significant relationship between particulate organic matter and relative abundance of smaller chlorophytes, which was deemed as stress factor. The flushing and reservoir drawdown indicate disturbance gradient and as a consequence high diversity. Furthermore, a substantial reduction in chlorophyll levels was registered in turbid water phase is related to the reduction of light penetration and re-suspension of sediments. Considering these results, it can be suggested that the well-managed reservoir drawdown can possibly maintain an environment free of eutrophication and cyanobacterial dominance.  相似文献   

地震层析成像中的不确定性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

安美建  冯梅  赵琳 《CT理论与应用研究》2009,18(2):24-32

地震层析成像已经是一种常用的探测地球内部三维波速结构的地球物理方法。这些深部地球结构信息是人们深入认识地球的重要依据,同时由于地表地质过程往往取决于深部动力过程,因此深部结构已经开始受到了地质学家们的广泛重视。但地震层析成像方法众多,所得到的参数和精度可能有所不同,这给非地震学专业的研究人员在使用层析成像结果的过程中造成了极大的不便。为了更好地实现地球物理,地球化学和地质等多学科交叉应用,本文系统分析了地震层析成像结果中可能存在的不确定性,同时提出了相应的建议以帮助地质学家们能够正确对待层析成像结果中的不确定性并合理利用地震层析成像结果。  相似文献   

随机模型上的地震动模拟研究     

余嘉顺  唐红  谢显中 《地震研究》2005,28(1):58-63

介绍了一项随机模拟实验,该实验通过模拟一个具体场址模型的地震动响应了解模型参数不确定性对模拟结果的影响。首先给定一个典型的第四纪沉积层场址模型的参数(包括地层厚度、介质密度、横波速度和品质因子等)的统计特征,并据此在计算机上按截尾的正态分布随机抽样形成了16384个随机模型,然后分别在各个模型上进行SH波地震动响应模拟,最后对所有的模拟结果进行统计分析,了解模型参数的不确定程度与模拟结果变化范围之间的关系。实验结果表明,模型参数不确定性对模拟结果的影响程度是随频率增大的。随机模型地震动响应的第一个放大峰发生在353±031Hz的频率上,其幅值为438±076;第二放大峰发生在885±108Hz的频率上,幅值为422±090。两放大峰值的均方差与均值之比分别为18%和25%。与模型参数20%的相对变化程度大致相当。但更高频率上振幅响应的均方差与均值之比则高达30%～40%。  相似文献   

山东数字化钻孔体应变观测的干扰异常分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

卢双苓  于庆民  曲保安  冯志军  李杰 《地震工程学报》2010,32(2):186-190

在系统分析山东钻孔体应变与辅助观测资料的基础上,结合台站工作日志对引起钻孔体应变观测曲线出现波动性短时异常变化的干扰因素进行了分析讨论,结果表明:钻孔体应变的短时波动性变化主要为气压、降雨、地下水位、施工和电源等的干扰影响;这些干扰影响不能通过相关分析完全剔除,需定量与具体情况定性相结合分析;气压、降雨和地下水位的影响程度与钻孔地质条件密切相关,有破碎带的钻孔受干扰影响相对较大。  相似文献   

Evaluating disturbance on mediterranean karst areas: the example of Sardinia (Italy)     

Jo De Waele 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(2):239-255

Evaluating the human disturbance on karst areas is a difficult task because of the complexity of these peculiar and unique environments. The human impact on karstic geo-ecosystems is increasingly important and there is an increasing need for multidisciplinary tools to assess the environmental changes in karst areas. Many disciplines, such as biology, geomorphology, hydrology and social-economical sciences are to be considered to sufficiently evaluate the impact on these intrinsically vulnerable areas. This article gives an overview of the evolution of environmental impact on karst areas of the island Sardinia (Italy). For this particular case, the most important impacts in the past 50 years are derived from the following activities, in decreasing importance: (1) mining and quarrying; (2) deforestation, agriculture and grazing; (3) building (widespread urbanisation, isolated homes, etc.) and related infrastructures (roads, sewer systems, aqueducts, waste dumps, etc.); (4) tourism; (5) military activities. To evaluate the present environmental state of these areas the Disturbance Index for Karst environments [Van Beynen and Townsend (Environ Manage 36:101–116)] is applied in a slightly modified version. Instead of considering the indicators of environmental disturbances used in the original method, this slightly modified index evaluates the disturbances causing the deterioration of the environmental attributes. In the Sardinian case study, 27 disturbances have been evaluated, giving rise to the definition of a Disturbance Index ranging between 0 (Pristine) and 1 (highly disturbed). This Disturbance Index simplifies the original KDI method, appears to adequately measure disturbance on Mediterranean karst areas and could be applied with success to other similar regions.  相似文献   

邢台地震区地壳速度结构特征与强震孕育发生的关系   总被引：19，自引：3，他引：16       下载免费PDF全文

尹京苑  梅世蓉  薛艳 《地球物理学报》1999,42(5):629-639

运用三维有限单元法,探索地壳结构的非均匀性对地壳应力场的影响．假定分层地壳结构中镶嵌高速块体,低速块体,高、低速块体３种情况,分别计算壳内平均应力与水平剪应力的变化图像．结果表明：高速块体单独存在可导致高应力在高速体内的局部集中,并在其边缘和四个角区形成应力的高度集中,有利于强震的孕育和发生;低速体单独存在时,由于低速体本身不能积累应力,而其上部的应力集中程度不大,难以形成强震;高、低速体的同时存在则有利于高应力在高速体内的高度集中和在高速体外的地壳上、下部的相对集中,形成对大地震孕育、发生更加有利的条件．本文结果与邢台地震序列的空间分布图像吻合甚好．  相似文献   

于田M_s7.3地震震前重力扰动信号研究          下载免费PDF全文

杨锦玲  李祖宁  关玉梅  洪旭瑜 《地球物理学报》2017,60(10):3844-3852

2008年3月21日和2014年2月12日,新疆和田地区于田县先后发生两次M_s7.3地震.为分析两次地震前是否存在重力短临异常信号,应用Tsoft软件对原始数据进行理论固体潮改正和气压改正,并基于小波分解去除其低频趋势,有效提取了两次地震前国家连续重力观测网多台g-Phone重力仪的高频扰动信息.结果表明两次地震前都记录到高频扰动信号.2008年地震前牡丹江、沈阳台和漳州台三个台站记录到的高频扰动信号,主频分布在0.2~0.4 Hz.2014年地震前8个台站记录到两组不同频段的扰动信号.第一组信号集中在震前6天的东北台站,第二组扰动信号出现在震前3天的东南台站.两组扰动信号振幅呈现从北到南、从东到西逐步衰减的时空分布规律·同时期的气象资料显示局部强降雨与第二组扰动异常存在良好的相关性.对高频重力信号的时频分析结果表明震前第一组扰动信号存在异常频段0·13~0.18 Hz.应用扰动源扫描算法对2014年两组扰动信号进行空间定.位,结果显示第一组信号扰动源位置与于田震中相距约1935 km,不在于田地震的孕震区内;第二组信号扰动源来自海上.2008年和2014年于田地震第二组震前扰动信号与强降雨以及海浪影响相关.2014年第一组信号与于田地震的关系仍待进一步研究.  相似文献   

极限时间法与临震预报   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘正荣 《地震》2005,25(1):41-50

研究了每2次地震之间的时间间隔, 并指出在更大的地震发生前h′异常, 且有一个极限时间存在, 通常不会超过极限时间而发震。 若h′值连续异常, h′虽小但大于1; 则是短期异常的显示; 若出现单次或多次的高h′值异常。 如: h′＞4甚至h′＞9, 且本地或附近伴有较大(例如M≥4)地震出现时, 一般都是本地地震的临震异常。 用4次前震作了检验, 结果是满意的。 而且还研究了信息与干扰的问题。  相似文献