Spectral accuracy of Jgm3 from satellite crossover altimetry     

J. Klokočník  C. A. Wagner  J. Kostelecký 《Journal of Geodesy》1999,73(3):138-146

A detailed accuracy assessment of the geopotential model Jgm3 is made based on independent single- and dual-satellite sea-height differences at crossovers from altimetry with Jgm3-based orbits. These differences, averaged over long time spans and in latitude bands, are converted to spectra (latitude-lumped coefficients) by least-squares estimation. The observed error spectra so obtained are then compared directly to error projections for them from the Jgm3 variance–covariance matrix. It is found from these comparisons that Jgm3 is generally well calibrated with respect to the crossover altimetry of and between Geosat, TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P), and Ers 1. Some significant discrepancies at a few lower orders (namely m=1 and 3) indicate a need for further improvement of Jgm3. A companion calibration (by order) of the geopotential model Jgm2 shows its variance–covariance matrix also to be generally well calibrated for the same single- and dual-satellite altimeter data sets (but based on Jgm2 orbits), except that the error projections for Geosat are too pessimistic. The analysis of the dual-satellite crossovers reveals possible relative coordinate system offsets (particularly for Geosat with respect to T/P) which have been discussed previously. The long-term detailed seasonally averaged Geosat sea level with respect to T/P (covering 1985–1996) should be useful in gauging the relative change in sea level between different parts of the ocean over the single 4-year gap between these missions (1988–1992). Received: 16 February 1998 / Accepted: 25 November 1998  相似文献   

江苏岸外沙脊群的地貌形态及动力格局   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

汪亚平  张忍顺 《海洋科学》1998,22(3):43-47

长江与黄河的交互作用为江苏岸外沙洲提供了丰富的泥沙来源,而两大潮波的辐聚以及辐合带的迁移则是将整个岸外沙脊群塑造成辐射形态的动力因素。以蒋家沙为界,江苏岸外沙洲的辐射形具有南北不对称的特点。两河供沙条件的差异是形成南北两翼沙洲规模大小的原因,发育历史或调整时间的长短则是决定南北两翼沙洲相对稳定程度的原因。  相似文献   

Exposure to extreme climate decreases self-rated health score: Large-scale survey evidence from China     

《Global Environmental Change》2022

High temperature is a growing threat and impacts public health through different exposure mechanisms. Our study constructs a comprehensive exposure measurement based on temperature variability, duration, and effective influence range. We investigate human responses to high temperatures through self-rated health scores based on individual-level data from China Labor-force Dynamic Survey (CLDS). Results show that higher temperature and temperature variability significantly decrease self-rated health scores. Subjective health risk is most significantly related to the cumulative temperature in the previous two weeks. We also find that the exposure effects at night and on weekdays are more severe. Workers who experience greater exposure from commuting and work environments are negatively impacted by high temperatures. In addition, men, the elderly, middle and low education groups, rural residents are more likely to be impacted by high temperatures.  相似文献