周口店东洞洞穴沉积物的地球化学特征及其环境指示意义   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

王海芝  程捷 《第四纪研究》2008,28(6):1090-1097

周口店地区的古环境变化研究多数研究集中在中更新世时期,而缺乏对早更新世时期环境变化的研究。这主要是由于缺少保存完好的早更新世沉积记录造成的。随着对20世纪80年代在周口地区发现的东洞剖面,发现这是一个保存完好的早更新世剖面,为研究早更新世时期的古环境变化特征提供了良好的研究材料。为了重建早更新世时期的古环境变化特征,利用XRF对东洞洞穴沉积物的主要元素（SiO₂,Al₂O₃,Fe₂O3和CaO）的化学组成进行了高分辨率分析,同时对沉积物中的FeO含量进行了测试。结果显示东洞剖面沉积物的主要化学组成为SiO₂,占41.6%～58.9%,其次是Al₂O₃和Fe₂O3,其含量的变化范围分别为13.69%～29.63%和5.00%～9.81%。Al₂O₃和Fe₂O3在剖面上与SiO₂含量成明显的镜像变化关系,显示出Al₂O₃和Fe₂O3对沉积物中SiO₂含量的稀释作用。另外,Fe₂O3与Al₂O₃在剖面上具有很好的相关性,表明Fe₂O3主要富集在富铝的矿物中。从元素含量在剖面的上分布看,东洞剖面的化学组成发生3次大的波动,主要表现为SiO₂和FeO含量增高,而Fe₂O3与Al₂O₃含量的减少。这3次波动分别出现在剖面的15.3～14.6m,11.0～9.9m和8.40～7.84m深度处。在3次化学组成的波动出现的同时,指示沉积物风化程度和温度变化的Si/Al（SiO₂/Al₂O₃）和FeO/Fe₂O3比值也发生了明显变化,比值增高,指示了3次大的干冷事件。另外,在剖面上部（10.00～7.84m,即第2次事件以后）SiO₂/Al₂O₃和FeO/Fe₂O3比值变高且波动频繁,表明自第2次干冷事件后沉积区的环境变得不稳定,逐渐向冷干气候转变。东洞剖面的地球化学记录（SiO₂/Al₂O₃和FeO/Fe₂O3）与泾川黄土剖面的粒度曲线具有较好的对比性,支持了东洞剖面记录的环境信息与黄土沉积记录的环境变化具有一致性。通过与泾川粒度曲线的对比发现,东洞剖面记录的3次干冷事件在时段上分别对应于黄土-古土壤序列中的L26,L15和L13。  相似文献   

广西崇左三合巨猿大洞早更新世小哺乳动物群   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

金昌柱  秦大公  潘文石  王元  张颖奇  邓成龙  郑家坚 《第四纪研究》2008,28(6):1129-1137

最近在广西崇左三合大洞发现了步氏巨猿和似人似猿共生的新层位,与之伴生的有52种小哺乳动物,占三合大洞巨猿动物群总数的62%,其中苏门答腊兔（Nesolagus）是东南亚地区首次发现的化石。小哺乳动物群以南方早更新世常见的偏皮氏毛耳飞鼠（Belomys parapearsoni）、中间猪尾鼠（Typhlomys intermedius）、拟低冠竹鼠（Rhizomys brachyrhizomyoides）、硕豪猪（Hystrix magna）、先社鼠（Niviventer preconfucianus）、拟爱氏巨鼠（Leopoldamysedwardioidesi）等为代表,根据小哺乳动物群性质和与其他动物群对比以及磁性地层年代测定,表明其时代应是早更新世中期（约距今120¹60万年前）。该动物群由树鼩、扁颅蝠、小彩蝠、飞松鼠、笔尾树鼠、猪尾鼠等几乎是旧大陆热带-亚热带森林型动物组成,缺少北方类型,基本上属于热带森林动物群,这表明了当时的自然景观为温暖湿润的热带雨林环境。三合大洞小哺乳动物群是广西地区的首次发现,对华南早更新世巨猿动物群详细划分,探讨步氏巨猿演化和早期人类环境背景等目前科学界关注的问题具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

A New Female Cone, Araucaria beipoiaoensis sp. nov. from the Middle Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation, Beipiao, Western Liaoning, China and Its Evolutionary Significance     

ZHENG Shaolin  ZHANG Lidong  ZHANG Wu  YANG Yajun 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(2):266-282

A new species of Araucaria, Araucaria beipiaoensis sp. nov., collected from the Middle Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation, southern hill of Shebudai village, near Beipiao city, western Liaoning is based on a permineralized female cone, which is ovate to elliptical in shape, about 11 cm × 7 cm × 4.5 cm in size. The cone bears rhomboid bracts that are spirally attached, texture thicker, with wings on both sides, with a detached lamina-like apex at the tip. In inner structure the ovuliferous scales are thicker and fused with bracts at the end with a ligular sulcns. There is one wingless ovule/seed per seed-scale complex embedded in the ovuliferous scale tissue, with the micropyle directed toward the cone axis. The ovules/seeds are long ovate or elliptical in shape, 1 cm long and near the base about 3 mm in diameter; the ovule/seed integuments have begun differentiation into 3 layers： the sarcotesta, sclerotesta, and endotesta. The nucellus is free from the enclosing integuments except in the chalazal region where it is fused to the inner layer （endotesta） of integument. Some ovules show cellularized nucellar tissue. Mature seeds exhibit the papery-thin wavy nucellus characteristically near to the micropyle. The embryonic tissue appears to be four cotyledons. The morphology and structure of the cone shows a close relationship to the araucarian cones of fossil and living genera but differs from any known species. The new species is distributed in the Middle Jurassic of the northern hemisphere, especially Asia, and has important significance for the evolution of the Family Araucariaceae.  相似文献   

Jurassic Tectonics of North China: A Synthetic View   总被引：21，自引：1，他引：20  

ZHANG Yueqiao  DONG Shuwen  ZHAO Yue  ZHANG Tian 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(2):310-326

This paper gives a synthetic view on the Jurassic tectonics of North China, with an attempt to propose a framework for the stepwise tectonic evolution history. Jurassic sedimentation, deformation and magmatism in North China have been divided into three stages. The earliest Jurassic is marked by a period of magmatism quiescence （in 205-190 Ma） and regional uplift, which are considered to be the continuation of the “Indosinian movement” characterized by continent-continent collision between the North and South China blocks. The Early to Middle Jurassic （in 190-170 Ma） was predominated by weak lithospheric extension expressed by mantle-derived plutonism and volcanism along the Yanshan belt and alongside the Tan-Lu fault zone, normal faulting and graben formation along the Yinshan- Yanshan tectonic belt, depression and resuming of coal-bearing sedimentation in vast regions of the North China block （NCB）. The Middle to Late Jurassic stage started at 165y.5 Ma and ended up before 136 Ma; it was dominated by intensive intraplate deformation resulting from multi-directional compressions. Two major deformation events have been identified. One is marked by stratigraphic unconformity beneath the thick Upper Jurassic molasic series in the foreland zones of the western Ordos thrust-fold belt and along the Yinshan-Yanshan belt; it was predated 160 Ma. The other one is indicated by stratigraphic unconformity at the base of the Lower Cretaceous and predated 135 Ma. During this last stage, two latitudinal tectonic belts, the Yinshan-Yanshan belt in the north and the Qinling-Dabie belt in the south, and the western margin of the Ordos basin were all activated by thrusting; the NCB itself was deformed by the NE to NNE-trending structural system involving thrusting, associated folding and sinistral strike-slip faulting, which were spatially partitioned. Foliated S-type granitic plutons aged 160-150 Ma were massively emplaced in the Jiao-Liao massif east of the Tan-Lu fault zone and indicate important crustal thicken  相似文献   

New Isophlebioid Dragonflies from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia,China(Insecta:Odonata:Isophlebioptera:Campterophiebiidae)     

ZHANG Binglan REN Dong 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,(6)

Three new species of fossil dragonflies assigned to Sinokaratawia Nel,Huang and Lin in family Campterophlebildae,i.e.S,daohugouica sp.nov.,S.magica sp.nov.and S.gloriosa sp.nov.,and new materials of male S.prokopi Nel,Huang and Lin,2007 are described from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou,Inner Mongolia,China.An emended diagnosis of genus Sinokaratawia was proposed.  相似文献   

Environmental Redox Changes of the Ancient Sea in the Yangtze Area during the Ordo-Silurian Transition     

YAN Detian  CHEN Daizhao  WANG Qingchen  WANG Jianguo  CHU Yang 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(3):679-689

Extensive organic-matter （OM） rich facies （black shales） occur in the Ordo-Silurian boundary successions in the Yangtze area, South China. To investigate the redox changes of the Yangtze Sea during the Ordo-Silurian transition, two OM sections （Wangjiawan in Yichang, Hubei Province, and Sanjiaguan in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province） straddling the Ordo-Silurian boundary are studied. The measurements finished in this study include contents of the total organic carbon （TOC）, pyrite sulphur, and different species of Fe, including dithionite-extractable Fe （FED）, pyrite Fe （FeP）, HCl-extractable Fe （FeH）, and total Fe （FeT）, in black shales, as well as other redox proxies, such as the SIC ratio, the ratio between highly reactive Fe （FeHR = FeD ＋ FeP） and FeT, and the FeP/（FeP ＋ FeH） ratio, known as the degree of pyritization （DOP）. In the Wangjiawan section, the Middle Ashgill sediments have high FeHR/FeT ratios （0.20-0.77; avg. 0.45）, high DOP values （0.21-0.72; avg. 0.54）, and a relatively constant sulfur content independent of the organic carbon content. By the contrast, the mid-early Hirnantian deposits generally have low FeHR/FeT ratios （0.10-0.35; avg. 0.21）, low DOP values （0.11- 0.40; avg. 0.28）, and SIC values are clustering on the normal marine value （SIC = 0.36）. The late Hirnantian and early Rhuddanian deposits, similar to those of the Middle Ashgill deposits, are characterized by high FeHR/FeT ratios （0.32-0.49; avg. 0.41）, high DOP values （0.46-0.68; avg. 0.53） and fairly constant sulfur contents. These data suggest the occurrences of marine anoxia on the Yangtze Sea shelf during intervals of the Mid Ashgill, Late Hirnantian and Early Rhuddanian, and ventilated and oxygenated marine conditions during the mid-early Hirnantian time. The mid-early Hirnantian ventilated event was concomitant with the global glacial period, likely resulted from the glacio-eustatic sea-level fall and subsequent circulation of cold, dense oxygenated waters  相似文献   

A New Genus and Species of Sapeornithidae from Lower Cretaceous in Western Liaoning, China     

YUAN Chongxi 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(1):48-55

Sapeornithidae is a basal pygostylian family of Early Cretaceous primitive birds, in which only one genus and species, Sapeornis chaoyangensis, was reported before. This paper deals with a new genus and species of this family, Didactylornis jii gen. et sp. nov., which was unearthed from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in western Liaoning. According to our phylogenetic analyses, both Didactylornis gen. nov. and Sapeornis form a sister group, which is basal to the clade formed by Confuciusornis and all the more derived birds, and more closely related to the short-tailed pygostylian birds than to the long-tailed avialian birds. The early history of pygostylian birds is poorly documented except for the studies of Confuciusornis and Sapeornis. The discovery ofDidactylornisjii gen. et sp. nov. adds the new material for the study on the early evolution of birds.  相似文献   

再论南岭侏罗纪“铝质”A型花岗岩的成因及其对古地温线的制约   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

汪洋 《大地构造与成矿学》2008,32(3)

对南岭地区侏罗纪4个典型"铝质"A型花岗岩岩基——柯树北、寨背、西山和南昆山的成因分析表明:柯树北、寨背岩基中的低分异花岗岩SiO2≈70%,A/CNK<1.1,CaO≥1%,高Zr、Ba含量,是下地壳部分熔融产物;而SiO2含量较高者由低分异花岗岩岩浆通过分离结晶演化而来。西山花岗质火山-侵入杂岩也是下地壳部分熔融产物。南昆山花岗岩为高硅花岗岩,贫Zr、低Ba、Sr和Eu/Eu*值,但具有高的Nb、Ga、REE含量和Ga/Al比值,在Whalen等(1987)图解中地球化学参数落在A型花岗岩区域内。碱性玄武岩浆分离结晶的成岩模式无法解释南昆山岩基较大的体积、均一的成分和低的Nb/Ta比值。详细的成岩分析表明,南昆山花岗岩可能是先期侵入的(幔源)碱性正长岩在富水和相对低温低压条件下发生部分熔融的产物。由这些"铝质"A型花岗岩的熔融温压条件估算得出热流值达到80~95mWm-2的南岭地区侏罗纪古地温线。由古地温线推算出的岩石圈厚度45~75km。南岭侏罗纪高热流背景及其对应的花岗质岩浆活动可能与后碰撞造山阶段岩石圈地幔拆沉或被"热侵蚀"有关,但并不一定意味着岩石圈伸展的大地构造环境。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地中拐地区下侏罗统层序地层特征与聚煤控制因素分析     

刘爱华  张尚锋  陈轩  刘军钊  王雅宁  贺子倩  熊冉 《安徽地质》2008,18(4):264-268

在分析前人对准噶尔盆地层序地层学研究成果的基础上,综合应用岩心、测井和地震资料,对准噶尔盆地西北缘中拐地区下侏罗统进行层序地层划分,总结了层序和体系域界面的识别标志,将下侏罗统划分为4个三级层序和7个体系域,同时叙述了各三级层序的结构特征。通过对层序内含煤岩系的发育特点分析,发现其主力煤层主要发育在JSQI和JSQ3湖侵体系域中,本文作者认为研究区内湖侵时期为有利的聚煤时期,聚煤作用主要受构造沉降、物源供给、气候和沉积环境等因素的控制。  相似文献   

羌塘盆地侏罗系碎屑岩储集层综合评价          下载免费PDF全文

许建华  王准备 《沉积与特提斯地质》2008,28(1):59-64

运用储层综合评判分析方法对羌塘盆地侏罗系碎屑岩储集层进行分析和评价。首先选择影响储层性质的8种参数,包括定性参数,如岩性、成岩作用、储集空间类型和定量参数,如储层厚度、孔隙结构、物性等,对其进行单因素评价。在此基础上,根据各单因素对储层贡献的大小,确定各单因素的加权系数。最后,利用评判分析方法,计算各剖面的综合判别得分。综合判别分析评价表明,北羌塘坳陷中部、东部和中央隆起带北缘发育好储层;北羌塘坳陷西部发育中等储层;而南羌塘坳陷储层较差。  相似文献