Adaptive capacity within tropical marine protected areas – Differences between men- and women-headed households     

《Global Environmental Change》2022

Households within tropical coastal communities face a multitude of stressors related to environmental, social and economic change. To minimise negative impacts on households, a priority is to understand and if possible build adaptive capacity to enable adjustment to both extant, and anticipated stressors. Adaptive capacity may not be equally distributed across households due to social differences and inequalities, including gender. In this study we sought to understand whether the factors underlying adaptive capacity differ between men- and women-headed households across three marine protected areas (MPAs) in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Adaptive capacity was significantly higher in men-headed households compared to women-headed households between different MPAs as a whole, however significant differences were not found for men and women-headed households within the MPAs. The factors underlying adaptive capacity were investigated through boosted regression trees, a relatively novel approach within the field, and found to be similar between men and women counterparts. These factors were agency, material conditions, low ecosystem dependence, education, occupational multiplicity and needs satisfaction (i.e. a poverty indicator) which was singularly important in women-headed households. While the factors themselves were similar in men and women–headed households, gendered differences were found regarding differing levels in the identified factors. Accordingly, the processes that underly the differences found should be addressed within initiatives seeking to understand and build adaptive capacity.  相似文献   

Dominant Modes of Interannual Variability in Atmospheric Water Vapor Content over East Asia during Winter and Their Associated Mechanisms     

Wenyue HE  Bo SUN  Huijun WANG 《大气科学进展》2021,38(10):1706-1722

Atmospheric water vapor content(WVC) is a critical factor for East Asian winter precipitation. This study investigates the dominant modes of interannual variability in WVC over East Asia during winter and their underlying mechanisms.Based on the empirical orthogonal function(EOF) method, the leading mode(EOF1, R~2 = 28.9%) of the interannual variability in the East Asian winter WVC exhibits a meridional dipole pattern characterized by opposite WVC anomalies over northeastern China and eastern China; the second mode(EOF2, R~2 = 24.3%) of the interannual variability in the East Asian winter WVC exhibits a monopole pattern characterized by consistent WVC anomalies over eastern China. EOF1 is mainly modulated by two anomalous zonal water vapor transport(WVT) branches over northeastern China and eastern China, which are associated with an anomalous atmospheric wave train over Eurasia affected by sea ice cover in the Kara Sea-Barents Sea(SIC-KSBS) area in the preceding October-November(ON). EOF2 is mainly modulated by an anomalous westerly WVT branch over eastern China, which is associated with a circumglobal atmospheric zonal wave train in the Northern Hemisphere. This circumglobal zonal wave train is modulated by concurrent central and eastern tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies. The SIC-KSBS anomalies in ON and the concurrent SST anomalies over tropical Pacific may partially account for the interannual variability of EOF1 and EOF2 winter WVC, and thus may provide a theoretical basis for improving the prediction of winter climate over East Asia.  相似文献   

我国海底地貌研究进展及其在东海近海的新发现、新认识     

郑勇玲  吴承强  蔡锋  鲍晶晶  许艳 《地球科学进展》2012,27(9):1026-1034

在分析海底地貌学国内外研究现状基础之上,综述我国海底地貌的最新研究进展和发展历程,探讨今后我国近海地貌的研究发展方向:我国现代海底地貌学研究虽然起步较晚,但总的趋势是随着测量技术的不断更新,由宏观向微观、从大的地貌类型向特定的地貌体、从形态特征到地貌过程的研究,并着重研究人类活动与地貌过程的响应关系。针对"908专项"在我国近海海域的调查成果,着重介绍其在我国东海近海海域地形地貌研究中的新发现、新认识:长江口外古潮流沙脊群可分为堆积型、侵蚀—堆积型和侵蚀型潮流沙脊群3种类型;在福建闽江口近岸的马祖列岛和白犬列岛之间发现多条呈SW—NE走向、条带状分布的潮流沙脊,面积约200 km2,水深在15～30 m;在东海陆架沙脊区与金门岛外发现2处新的海底礁石。这些全新的发现和认识对于我国近海海底地貌的研究将起到丰富和推动作用。  相似文献   

个旧东区变基性火山岩型铜矿成因分析     

郑世红 《云南地质》2012,(3):325-330

有证据表明,个旧矿区矿产除与花岗岩密切相关外,基性火山或喷流沉积作用也较明显,变基性火山岩型铜矿的发现及研究增添不少理由。该型Cu矿层状、似层状,赋存于个旧组下段卡房段,矿层多,具同生沉积构造,从而对个旧矿区成矿理论增添新看法。  相似文献   

东天山四顶黑山层状岩体地质特征及成矿潜力分析     

孙涛  钱壮志  汤中立  刘民武  高萍  张江江  张瑞  姜超 《地球学报》2012,33(1):38-48

东天山黄山岩带因发育众多镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体和岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床而备受地质学者关注。四顶黑山岩体位于该岩带最东端,具有层状岩体特征;岩石类型有单辉橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩、橄榄苏长辉长岩、橄榄辉长岩、辉石角闪岩、辉长岩、角闪辉长岩、闪长岩,主要造岩矿物为贵橄榄石、古铜辉石、透辉石、普通角闪石和斜长石,岩体分异较好,蚀变较发育。通过矿物显微结构特征观察以及计算得出:四顶黑山岩体中橄榄石最先结晶,其开始结晶温度大约在1419℃左右;古铜辉石和透辉石在橄榄石之后开始结晶,结晶温度分别在1100℃左右和900～1100℃之间,两矿物相在岩石中可以共存。岩体中橄榄岩相、苏长岩相发育,以及贵橄榄石+古铜辉石的矿物组合特征,表明岩体具有形成铜镍(铂)矿床的有利条件。  相似文献   

近期长江口-杭州湾邻近海域沉积物粒径的时空变化及其影响因素   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

罗向欣  杨世伦  张文祥  张经 《沉积学报》2012,30(1):137-147

为了研究长江口-杭州湾外近海沉积物粒径的现状和近期变化,于2008年4月在该区域用箱式取样器取得了33个表层样,用震动活塞采样器取得7个柱状样;在室内用激光粒度仪对沉积物样品进行了粒度分析并与历史时期的研究成果进行对比。结果表明,1）表层沉积物总体上呈东粗（砂）西细（泥）的特点,粒径总体上的空间格局与历史时期相似;但砂-泥区界线在研究区北部（长江口和杭州湾外）有向西迁移（蚀退）迹象（西移10~30 km）,而在南部（舟山群岛以南）则出现明显向东迁移（淤进）现象（最大超过50 km）。2）当前的表层沉积物形成一条南北连续的泥质带（粒径向南逐渐变细）,反映过去存在于舟山群岛以东的最细组分（“黏土”）带不连续现象在表层现已趋于消失。3）表层沉积物粒径趋势分析揭示长江入海泥沙的运移方向主要是向南-东南。4）泥质区柱状沉积物具有粉砂和黏土为主但在垂向上（反映在时间上）有粗细多变的特点（侵蚀区表层沉积物有粗化迹象）。研究认为,长江口-杭州湾邻近海域现代沉积物对流域和沿海重大人类活动有较敏感的响应。  相似文献   

青海东昆仑南坡成矿带铜钴矿预测中的主要科技问题     

田承盛  张雪亭  芦文泉  陈喜峰  林文山  吴华英  姚远  袁波  张宗保 《地质与勘探》2012,48(5):940-946

青海省东昆仑南坡金铜铅锌多金属成矿带经历了漫长而复杂的地质构造演化历史,产有丰富的金、铜、铅、锌、钼等金属矿产,但在铜钴矿预测中仍存在一些关键科学问题需进一步研究解决。本文在详述了区域地层、侵入岩、变质岩、构造、矿产等区域成矿地质背景的基础上,分析了青海东昆仑南坡成矿带地质工作程度低、研究程度低、成矿预测的基础科学问题不清、矿产勘查项目所引用的基础资料与研究工作所引用的基础资料明显不一致和主要矿床类型及预测方向等主要科学技术问题,探讨了该成矿带铜钴矿产预测现状与预测思路,从而提出了青海东昆仑南坡成矿带开展铜钴矿预测的工作方向。  相似文献   

东准噶尔西缘晚古生代火山岩的锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素特征及构造意义          下载免费PDF全文

史基安  唐相路  张顺存  张宏福  肖燕 《地质科学》2012,(4):955-979

白碱沟和帐篷沟剖面位于东准噶尔西缘,出露有大量古生代火山岩,是研究东准噶尔古生代火山岩及构造演化的有利区域.本文利用LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年法和Hf同位素系统对该区中的玄武岩、玄武质安山岩、流纹岩、角斑岩以及少量的凝灰岩和正长斑岩进行了地质年代学研究,认为它们形成于早泥盆世至晚石炭世之间(400～307...  相似文献   

青藏高原北羌塘他念他翁山吉塘岩群酉西岩组时代的确定   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

何世平  李荣社  于浦生  辜平阳  王超  杨永成  张维吉 《地质学报》2012,86(6):985-993

关于位于青藏高原北羌塘地区的吉塘岩群是否属于前寒武纪变质岩系历来存在较大争议,对其形成年龄一直缺少有效同位素年代学限定。通过高精度的LA-ICP-MS(激光剥蚀等离子体质谱仪)锆石微区原位U-Pb同位素测年,获得他念他翁山一带吉塘岩群酉西岩组石英绿泥片岩(原岩为中性火山岩)的原岩形成年龄为965±55Ma,绿片岩(原岩为中基性火山岩)的原岩形成年龄为1048.2±3.3Ma,表明吉塘岩群酉西岩组原岩形成时代为蓟县纪末—南华纪初。吉塘岩群酉西岩组可能代表Rodinia超大陆裂解早期伸展期间火山-沉积作用的地质记录。  相似文献   

东天山卡瓦布拉克地区片麻状花岗岩形成时代及地质意义     

彭明兴  钟春根  左琼华  朱婉明  杨世文  黄迅 《新疆地质》2012,30(1):12-18

东天山卡瓦布拉克地区发育大量片麻状花岗岩,据野外特征分为含斑片麻状花岗岩和不含斑片麻状花岗岩,片麻理属后期韧性剪切叠加改造结果.本文获得含斑片麻状花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(942.1±7.2)Ma和(941.9±4.9)Ma;不含斑晶的片麻状花岗岩年龄为(424.2±3.4)Ma,这些年龄数据表明片麻状花岗岩分别形成于新元古代和中志留世.野外调查表明,片麻状花岗岩侵入于长城系星星峡群和卡瓦布拉克群中,被块状石炭纪花岗岩侵入.研究区西侧上覆泥盆纪地层未发生明显韧性变形.据此限定区内韧性剪切变形发生于晚志留世(约424 Ma)之后至泥盆纪之前.  相似文献