沈阳市新城子铬渣堆存区土壤铬污染分布及形态研究          下载免费PDF全文

惠秀娟  孟雪莲  徐成斌  马溪平  付保荣 《气象与环境学报》2009,25(6):64-67

采用 Tessier A连续提取法研究分析了沈阳市新城子铬渣堆存区土壤中重金属铬的污染分布和迁移转化规律。结果表明：土壤中重金属铬的5 种形态分布, 主要以残渣态和碳酸盐结合态为主,分别占总量的49.74%和21.40%,而有机结合态含量最低,占总铬含量的6.25%。不同的功能区域铬的形态分布有所不同。总体的分布特征是残渣态大于碳酸盐结合态大于交换态大于铁锰氧化态大于有机态。  相似文献   

EOF analysis of a time series with application to tsunami detection     

Elena Tolkova 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2010

Fragments of deep-ocean tidal records up to 3 days long belong to the same functional sub-space, regardless of the record’s origin. The tidal sub-space basis can be derived via Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis of a tidal record of a single buoy. Decomposition of a tsunami buoy record in a functional space of tidal EOFs presents an efficient tool for a short-term tidal forecast, as well as for an accurate tidal removal needed for early tsunami detection and quantification [Tolkova, E., 2009. Principal component analysis of tsunami buoy record: tide prediction and removal. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans 46 (1–4), 62–82] EOF analysis of a time series, however, assumes that the time series represents a stationary (in the weak sense) process. In the present work, a modification of one-dimensional EOF formalism not restricted to stationary processes is introduced. With this modification, the EOF-based de-tiding/forecasting technique can be interpreted in terms of a signal passage through a filter bank, which is unique for the sub-space spanned by the EOFs. This interpretation helps to identify a harmonic content of a continuous process whose fragments are decomposed by given EOFs. In particular, seven EOFs and a constant function are proved to decompose 1-day-long tidal fragments at any location. Filtering by projection into a reduced sub-space of the above EOFs is capable of isolating a tsunami wave within a few millimeter accuracy from the first minutes of the tsunami appearance on a tsunami buoy record, and is reliable in the presence of data gaps. EOFs with ∼$\sim$3-day duration (a reciprocal of either tidal band width) allow short-term (24.75 h in advance) tidal predictions using the inherent structure of a tidal signal. The predictions do not require any a priori knowledge of tidal processes at a particular location, except for recent 49.5 h long recordings at the location.  相似文献   

长江三峡工程库区生态环境遥感动态监测   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

周乐群  孙长安  高改萍  胡甲均  胡宗云  杨岚 《国土资源遥感》2005,16(1):49-52

长江三峡工程库区人类活动频繁,生态系统脆弱,三峡工程对库区生态环境的影响一直是人们关注的焦点。运用遥感、地理 信息系统、全球卫星定位系统、计算机网络技术,采用DEM 、影像正射校正、多源影像数据融合、多层次信息提取等技术方法,对整 个库区20世纪80年代中期、90年代末期生态环境、草地资源进行了全面的动态监测,并在此基础上利用ArcGIS软件开发完成了“长江 三峡工程库区生态环境遥感动态监测GIS系统”。  相似文献   

Geochemical modeling,fate distribution,and risk exposure of potentially toxic metals in the surface sediment of the Shyok suture zone,northern Pakistan     

Liaqat Ali  Abdur Rashid  Seema Anjum Khattak  Xubo Gao  Shah Jehan  Asif Javed 《国际泥沙研究》2021,36(5):656-667

The objective of the current study was to assess the contamination of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) in weathered surface sediment, along stream tributaries, and surrounding area of the river Chitral, Shyok suture zone district Chitral, Pakistan. To understand the geochemical features of 113 sediment, samples were collected from the Mirkhani and Drosh area. Then, different statistical tools including the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and ecological risk assessment (ERA) were used to unravel the origin, intensity, and exposure level of PTMs to control risk and restore the ecosystem within the study area. The results for the PTMs namely nickle (Ni), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and cobalt (Co) in Mirkhani and Drosh were in the following ranges: 10–150, 15–210, 15–250, 0.08–1.00, 10–70, 76–240 and 14–51; and 13–240, 17–210, 15–150, 0.08–0.60, 7–140, 47–150 and 13–36 mg/kg, respectively. In consequence, the potential ecological risk caused by Pb, Ni, Cu, Co, Cr, and Zn is reflected by the percentages of samples with an ecological risk index (ERI) greater than one which were 100%, 91%, 100%, 100%, 92%, and 100%, respectively. However, the overall mean decreasing order of ecological risk of PTMs in the district Chitral was Pb > Ni > Cu > Co > Cr > Zn > Cd. Moreover, the PCA yielded 78% variability which indicated that mineral prospects play an important role in the contamination of sediment. Furthermore, the mineral phases of Pb and Zn suggested supersaturation, while that for Cd revealed unsaturation. The results of Igeo, ERI, and CA indicated contamination of PTMs in the study area. The ERI value of Pb, Ni, Cu, Co, Cr, and Zn was higher than 1 suggesting an ecological risk in the study area. Moreover, the current study showed the dominance of geogenic contamination with major contributions from ultramafic rock and known mineral prospects. Therefore, contaminated sediment of the Shyok suture zone is extremely detrimental to the aquatic ecosystem of the study area.  相似文献   

小流域水分行为、生态效应及其优化调控研究方面的若干问题   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

刘文兆 《地球科学进展》2000,15(5):541-544

把小流域水文生态研究,分解为小流域水分行为、生态效应及其优化调控研究3个方面。在分析国内外研究现状与问题的基础上,指出了其需要系统加以探讨的若干内容,认为由此可构建流域水文生态学的基本框架,进而发展流域水文生态学。  相似文献   

当代生态经济的综合研究综述   总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20  

徐中民  张志强  程国栋 《地球科学进展》2000,15(6):688-684

可持续发展战略的规划设计需要生态经济学的综合研究思想。在总结国内外关于生态经济综合研究资料的基础上,系统总结了一门新兴学科——生态经济学的研究历程、研究内容和方法。生态经济学的综合研究,关键是将人类社会经济系统视为生态系统的一个子系统,认为人类社会的发展依赖于生态系统的支持。其研究是在微观层次上对经济系统和生态系统进行有机结合的具体尝试。从发展与环境之间关系的讨论入手,系统地分析总结了生态经济学与经济学、生态学以及其它学科之间的关系和作用,西方生态经济学早期和当代的研究状况和我国生态经济学的研究状况及进展,最后从可持续发展的定量衡量和生态经济模型的建立两方面介绍了目前流行的生态经济学研究方法。  相似文献   

退化土地的生态重建:社会工程途径   总被引：73，自引：5，他引：68  

蔡运龙  蒙吉军 《地理科学》1999,19(3):198-204

土地退化是全球环境变化的主要表现之一,而且与贫困问题互为因果。中国各地土地退化类型中,分布最广、影响最大的是土地沙漠化和土壤侵蚀,连片贫困人口也就分布于这些地区。在人口增长和自然资源需求增加的压力下,让退化土地自然恢复的思路已不切实际,必须通过社会投入对退化土地进行生态重建。重建要医治引起土地退化的经济和社会病根。还需要发达地区和欠发达地区的共同努力,因而是一种社会工程。其途径包括：从满足人民生存  相似文献   

半湿润地区风沙化土地改造利用的生态效益研究——以豫北延津县沙地农业综合开发试验示范区为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张春来  董光荣  周玉麟 《中国沙漠》1997,17(4):403-409

观测、实验和样品分析结果表明,位于半湿润地区的豫北延津县,其沙地农业综合开发试验示范区的改造利用取得了良好的生态效益,具体表现为:①抑制了风沙活动,防止了风沙危害;②恢复和提高了沙地生产力;③改善了沙地小气候。最终实现了土地风沙化的逆转。  相似文献   

鲈鱼的形态和生态特征及养殖结果     

毕庶万  毕文胜  时吉营  戴海平  林源 《海洋科学进展》1998,(1)

本文根据现有文献资料和笔者的研究结果,比较了不同产地,不同种群鲈鱼的形态、生态特征和各地的养殖结果,分析了产生不同结果的重要原因,提出了充分利用不同种类及产地的鲈鱼为人类造福。  相似文献   

城市森林生态服务功能在城市景观规划中应用的思考   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

尹锴  赵千钧  赵煜 《地球科学进展》2010,25(4):444-450

回顾了景观规划的发展历程,并依据城市森林生态服务功能的内涵,指出当前国内外景观规划中存在的缺陷与不足.旨在通过对二者关系的分析,解读景观生态学理论引入规划中的功能缺失,以期重新唤起人们对于城市森林生态服务功能重要性的关注,并尝试将城市森林生态服务功能的研究成果应用于景观规划领域,为景观规划的定量化提供数据基础和科学依据.  相似文献