苏锡常地区地面沉降风险评价管理模型研究初探          下载免费PDF全文

于军  武健强 《江苏地质》2008,32(2):113-117

平原区超采地下水引发的地面沉降地质灾害已成为影响这些地区经济可持续发展的重要制约因素,如何从收益、成本、风险三个方面为决策者提供制定地面沉降相关防治措施的综合支持,实现灾害防治从被动应对向主动防御转变,是地面沉降防治研究领域的新课题。在综合考虑苏锡常地区技术、经济、人类活动等因素基础上,从地面沉降总体风险和地区差异水平出发,提出构建地面沉降风险评价模型及决策支持系统的初步研究思路和方法,为实现地面沉降防治的科学化决策管理进行了探索。  相似文献   

Open source, spatial analysis, and activity-travel behaviour research: capabilities of the aspace package   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ron N. Buliung  Tarmo K. Remmel 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2008,10(2):191-216

This paper reports on recent experience with the development of aspace, an Open Source (OS) library for the geographic visualization and analysis of activity-travel behaviour. The paper begins with an overview of recent progress with respect to the convergence of Open Source technology, spatial analysis, and travel behaviour research. The remainder of the paper focuses on aspace; a collection of functions that, when combined with data describing the geographical location of daily activities, can be used to visualize and describe spatial properties of individual and household activity spaces. These properties include: size, orientation, shape, and the geographical dispersion of activity locations contained within the activity space. Several planar geometries are used to transform measurable spatial properties into intuitive objects for visualizing spatial patterns of activity participation. Experiments are conducted, using data from the first wave of the 2003 Toronto Travel Activity Panel Survey, to demonstrate the potential application of aspace for basic and applied policy-based research into activity-travel behaviour. The toolkit is distributed as a downloadable ‘package’ from the Open Source R Project for Statistical Computing.   相似文献   

Income distribution dynamics and cross-region convergence in Europe   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

Manfred M. Fischer  Peter Stumpner 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2008,10(2):109-139

This paper presents a continuous version of the model of distribution dynamics to analyse the transition dynamics and implied long-run behaviour of the EU-27 NUTS-2 regions over the period 1995–2003. It departs from previous research in two respects: first, by introducing kernel estimation and three-dimensional stacked conditional density plots as well as highest density regions plots for the visualisation of the transition function, based on Hyndman et al. (J Comput Graph Stat 5(4):315–336, 1996), and second, by combining Getis’ spatial filtering view with kernel estimation to explicitly account for the spatial dimension of the growth process. The results of the analysis indicate a very slow catching-up of the poorest regions with the richer ones, a process of shifting away of a small group of very rich regions, and highlight the importance of geography in understanding regional income distribution dynamics.

Manfred M. FischerEmail:

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工程项目质量策划的理解与应用     

杨辉 《中国勘察设计》2008,(3):80-82

本文介绍了项目质量管理的特点及构成要素,重点阐述了项目质量管理在施工企业应用的措施,以保证产品质量,为企业创出更高的效益。  相似文献   

中国海相探矿权区块定量评价方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

谢锦龙  徐祖成  丁成豪  王晓星  沈伟刚 《海相油气地质》2008,13(1):55-62

在研究了我国海相油气探矿权区块基本油气地质条件、勘探程度、技术经济条件等要素和特点的基础上,给出了48个评价参数和归一化取值参照表,建立了探矿权区块评价工作流程、评分参数及计算公式。提出对我国海相勘探层探矿权区块评价应该注意:与国外海相碳酸盐岩评价的差别;与国内陆相碎屑岩评价的差别;成藏组合的划分;评价内容的有效性、不确定性和评价参数的可信度;成败经验的总结和勘探程度的研究。  相似文献   

世界海洋油气资源与勘探模式概述   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

江怀友  赵文智  闫存章  齐仁理  鞠斌山  王媛 《海相油气地质》2008,13(3)

描述了全球海洋油气储量的总体情况、海洋油气资源的地域分布以及海洋油气产量的状况与增长趋势。简略阐述了海洋油气勘探的阶段划分、海洋地质调查、海洋地球化学勘探、海洋非地震地球物理勘探以及海洋地震勘探各方法的基本特点、关键技术和常用手段等。对海洋油气勘探的前景,尤其是深水区和天然气水合物的勘探前景作了展望。  相似文献   

我国古生代海相碳酸盐岩成藏理论的新进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

康玉柱 《海相油气地质》2008,13(4)

近年来在中国古生界新发现大中型油气田40多个,其中大型油气田16个。在长期研究中国古生代海相沉积特征的基础上,总结归纳近几年来新发现的海相烃源岩,提出对碳酸盐岩有效烃源岩的新认识。从有效烃源岩、古岩溶储集体、油气成藏期次和成藏模式等四个方面概述油气成藏理论方面的新进展;根据油气成藏史研究,结合区域构造演化史、生烃史等,提出塔河油田奥陶系有四个成藏期:加里东中晚期至海西早期;海西晚期;燕山期-喜马拉雅早中期;喜马拉雅晚期。  相似文献   

上海市长江口及邻近海域地质调查现状及展望   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

谢建磊  王寒梅  何中发  李晓  黎兵 《上海国土资源》2008,(4)

海洋区域地质调查近年来逐渐得到重视,海洋地质调查技术的发展也为开展海洋区域地质调查奠定了基础。上海地区社会经济发展对地质工作的需求,为摸清上海市长江口及邻近海域的地质现状提出了必然要求。本文在系统整理长江口及邻近海域地质资料的基础上,重点分析了区内存在的重点地质问题和研究存在的问题,根据海洋地质调查的技术发展,结合国内相关地区的调查经验,对长江口及邻近海域内区域地质调查进行了展望,提出了采用综合物探技术、地质取样和测试分析进行综合地质环境调查的建议,并对具体采用的调查技术和调查内容进行了论述。  相似文献   

Some Results on the Spatial Breakdown Point of Robust Point Estimates of the Variogram     

R. M. Lark 《Mathematical Geosciences》2008,40(7):729-751

The effect of outliers on estimates of the variogram depends on how they are distributed in space. The ‘spatial breakdown point’ is the largest proportion of observations which can be drawn from some arbitrary contaminating process without destroying a robust variogram estimator, when they are arranged in the most damaging spatial pattern. A numerical method is presented to find the spatial breakdown point for any sample array in two dimensions or more. It is shown by means of some examples that such a numerical approach is needed to determine the spatial breakdown point for two or more dimensions, even on a regular square sample grid, since previous conjectures about the spatial breakdown point in two dimensions do not hold. The ‘average spatial breakdown point’ has been used as a basis for practical guidelines on the intensity of contaminating processes that can be tolerated by robust variogram estimators. It is the largest proportion of contaminating observations in a data set such that the breakdown point of the variance estimator used to obtain point estimates of the variogram is not exceeded by the expected proportion of contaminated pairs of observations over any lag. In this paper the behaviour of the average spatial breakdown point is investigated for cases where the contaminating process is spatially dependent. It is shown that in two dimensions the average spatial breakdown point is 0.25. Finally, the ‘empirical spatial breakdown point’, a tool for the exploratory analysis of spatial data thought to contain outliers, is introduced and demonstrated using data on metal content in the soils of Sheffield, England. The empirical spatial breakdown point of a particular data set can be used to indicate whether the distribution of possible contaminants is likely to undermine a robust variogram estimator.  相似文献   

中强地震前后能量分布的自仿射特性     

蒋海昆  王忠民 《地震》1996,16(2):135-143

根据简化的地震波传播理论,“漫化”地震能量在空间的分配,减弱能量空间分布概率的极端情形及消除统计域为“空”的情形,由此构造类似于二维ｆＢｍ的地震能量空间分布概率曲面。与起伏不平的地形相似,由于基在水平方向及垂直方向的变化不是等比例的,因而这一分形曲面可能是统计自仿射的。  相似文献