环境同位素法在西北地区地下水资源评价中的应用   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

高志发 《甘肃地质》1995,4(1):62-72

应用环境同位素方法测定了不同类型地下水的年龄，识别了西北干旱、半干旱地区地下水的补给源，进行了补给量的计算，建立了地下水流系统，并取得了新的成果。  相似文献   

地质时期生物与自然协调演化及化石燃料资源的分布规律     

周祖仁  杨群 《地球科学进展》1995,10(4):378-382

从更广泛和较高的层次对地质时期地球表层的生命活动和环境变化进行多学科的综合性研究，在全球系统分析的基础上为“协调人类与自然关系”的战略主题提供决策依据。以高分辨率地层学框架的研究的基础，综合多种学科对事件、间事件及其载体和介质的定量研究，为生物与环境的耦合机制的认识及有关模式的建立提供科学依据。化石燃料作为事件产物，其分布规律亦为重要研究内容之一。  相似文献   

近百年西北太平洋热带气旋年频数的变化特征   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：7  

张光智  张先恭  魏凤英 《热带气象学报》1995,11(4):315-323

利用经趋势订正的１８８４－１９８８年西北太平洋热带气旋年频数资料，分析了热带气旋年频数的多年变化及其与海面温度、南方涛动指数、太阳黑子数和环流型日数等的统计关系。初步结果表明，热带气旋年频数的变化具有明显的２１年、３１年、１５年和６年左右的周期和持续期平均为１２年左右的阶段变化；近百年来有三次较明显的转折，分别出现在１９３１、１９５９年１９７７年。热带气旋年频数在厄尔尼诺年有冬春季偏少、夏秋季偏多  相似文献   

From pastoralism to tourism: The historical impact of changing land use practices in Namaqualand   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

M.T. Hoffman  R.F. Rohde   《Journal of Arid Environments》2007,70(4):641

We use the concept of ecological revolutions to explain the environmental history of Namaqualand, from the advent of pastoralism 2000 years BP, to colonial settlement in the 18th century and finally to the recent trend of de-agrarianization from the middle of the 20th century. Early traveller's records and census data are used to assess changes in the human population of the region and how this affected wildlife and agricultural practices. Pre-colonial indigenous hunter-gatherer (Bushmen) and pastoralist (Khoekhoen) populations in Namaqualand consisted of probably no more than a few thousand individuals. Over the next three centuries, the general population rose steadily to more than 65,000 people but has fallen in recent years. Wildlife appears not to have been abundant in Namaqualand's pre-colonial landscapes and large springbok ‘treks’ were probably a rare event. The number of domestic livestock in Namaqualand peaked in 1957 largely as a result of an increase in the number of sheep which have fallen steadily since this time. Crop production was absent from Namaqualand's pre-colonial landscapes but increased to cover nearly 30,000 ha in the early 1970s. The area under cultivation has declined by nearly two thirds since this time largely as a result of the large-scale abandonment of wheat farming in marginal environments. We touch on differences between the communal areas and private farms, particularly in terms of their human populations and agricultural impact on the land. Repeat landscape photographs support our main findings which suggest that both rocky, upland habitats and rivers have not been transformed substantially by land use practices in Namaqualand. Instead, sandy pediments have borne the brunt of human impacts in the region. Finally, we highlight the beginning of a new ecological revolution in Namaqualand due to changes in the global and national political economy.  相似文献   

Application of integrated methods in mapping waste disposal areas   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Pantelis Soupios  Nikos Papadopoulos  Ilias Papadopoulos  Maria Kouli  Filippos Vallianatos  Apostolos Sarris  Thrassyvoulos Manios 《Environmental Geology》2007,53(3):661-675

An integrated suite of environmental methods was used to characterize the hydrogeological, geological and tectonic regime of the largest waste disposal landfill of Crete Island, the Fodele municipal solid waste site (MSW), to determine the geometry of the landfill (depth and spatial extent of electrically conductive anomalies), to define the anisotropy caused by bedrock fabric fractures and to locate potential zones of electrically conductive contamination. A combination of geophysical methods and chemical analysis was implemented for the characterization and management of the landfill. Five different types of geophysical surveys were performed: (1) 2D electrical resistance tomography (ERT), (2) electromagnetic measurements using very low frequencies (VLF), (3) electromagnetic conductivity (EM31), (4) seismic refraction measurements (SR), and (5) ambient noise measurements (HVSR). The above geophysical methods were used with the aim of studying the subsurface properties of the landfill and to define the exact geometrical characteristics of the site under investigation.  相似文献   

Tracer methods used to verify the hypothesis of Cvijić about the underground connection between Prespa and Ohrid Lake     

Sokrat Amataj  Todor Anovski  Ralf Benischke  Romeo Eftimi  Laurence L. Gourcy  Liliana Kola  Ioannis Leontiadis  Eftim Micevski  Alqiviadis Stamos  Jovan Zoto 《Environmental Geology》2007,51(5):749-753

Prespa Lake and Ohrid Lake constitute a hydraulic system shared between Albania, FYR of Macedonia and Greece. Karst rocks separate both lakes. The elevation of Prespa Lake is about 150 m higher than that of Ohrid Lake. Considering these facts, Cvijić formulated in 1906 the hypothesis that Prespa Lake recharges the St. Naum and Tushemisht springs at Ohrid lakeside. Environmental isotopes demonstrated that Prespa Lake recharges about 37–42 and 52–54% of water emerging in St. Naum, and Tushemisht springs, respectively. An artificial tracer experiment carried out in 2002 physically demonstrated the underground connection between both lakes. This experiment confirmed the supposed underground connection and brought important information about the groundwater velocity, transit time, and karst water conduits development.  相似文献   

Study of galvanic interactions between pyrite and chalcopyrite in a flowing system: implications for the environment     

Liu Qing You  Li Heping  Zhou Li 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(1):11-18

When galvanic interactions between pyrite and chalcopyrite occur in solution, pyrite, with the higher rest potential, acts as a cathode and is protected whereas chalcopyrite, with the lower rest potential, acts as an anode and its oxidation is increased. In this work a three-electrode system was used to investigate the corrosion current density and mixed potential of a galvanic cell comprising a pyrite cathode and a chalcopyrite anode in a flowing system. The results showed that with increasing concentration of ferric ion in the solution, with increasing acidity, and with increasing flow rate of the solution, the corrosion current density increased and the mixed potential of the galvanic cell became more positive. These experimental results are of direct significance to the control of environmental pollution in mining activity. By using the galvanic model, mixed potential theory, and the Butler–Volmer equation, the experimental results were explained theoretically.  相似文献   

Investigation of waste disposal areas using electrical methods: a case study from Chania,Crete, Greece   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pantelis Soupios  Ilias Papadopoulos  Maria Kouli  Irene Georgaki  Filippos Vallianatos  Eleni Kokkinou 《Environmental Geology》2007,51(7):1249-1261

A geophysical investigation of a landfill area was conducted as inextricable phase of a preliminary geotechnical, geological and hydrogeological study of the area under investigation. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), one of the most promising prospecting techniques mainly concerning its effective contribution to resolve several environmental problems, was applied for the geophysical modeling. ERT is a robust imaging method the theory and implementation of which are well documented in geophysical research literature. The survey site is located in Akrotirion Peninsula, about 7 km east of Chania city in Crete I. The geological setting comprises Trypalion limestones, marly limestones and a clayed weathered layer. Cavities are also identified at various scales which are recent tectono-karstic voids. Due to the above-mentioned geological singularity and in the light of the requirement for an environmentally safe construction of the landfill, an ERT survey was carried out. Specifically, seven geoelectrical tomographies were conducted reaching the prospecting depth of 36 m. The resulted images conduced, to overcome geotechnical problems since the spatial distribution of karstic voids was determined, to plan the future sites for waste disposal as the geological conditions were studied in detail and to reliably estimate the thickness of the already deposited wastes. The resulted images were confirmed using available borehole logs and ambient noise measurements.  相似文献   

环境库兹涅茨曲线在文山县城的应用     

丁贤法 《云南地理环境研究》2007,19(3):50-54

环境库兹涅茨曲线认为随着经济发展，环境质量先下降后改善，环境质量与收入之间表现为倒U形曲线，这意味着经济发展最终会解决环境问题。应用这一思想，根据1991～2000年文山县城区大气污染指数及1998～2002年盘龙河水污染物浓度与同期人均居民收入进行了回归分析，发现对多数污染物而言，表现为N形的高次曲线能很好的拟合两者之间的关系，据此提出一种简单但普遍的机理来解释EKC曲线，即经济发展对环境质量的正负反馈作用决定其在涨落中演变。  相似文献   

江苏矿山生态地质环境问题及防治对策   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

黄敬军 《江苏地质》2002,26(4):216-220

全面总结江苏省矿产资源开发利用诱发的各类矿山生态地质环境问题，归纳为环境资源破坏与影响、矿山地质灾害和环境污染三大类型。环境资源破坏与影响有对土地资源、植被资源、地表设施、水资源、矿产资源的破坏和对自然景观、文化遗迹、地质遗迹的影响；矿山地质灾害主要有采空区地面塌陷、采矿滑坡、崩塌、矿坑突水、尾矿库坝基渗漏与溃堤、泥石流和岩溶地面塌陷；环境污染有采矿对地下水、地表水、土壤和大气造成的污染。针对省内的矿山生态地质环境问题，提出相应的防治对策。  相似文献