Prograde garnet growth along complex <Emphasis Type="Italic">P–T–t</Emphasis> paths: results from numerical experiments on polyphase garnet from the Wölz Complex (Austroalpine basement)     

F. Gaidies  C. de Capitani  R. Abart  R. Schuster 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,155(6):673-688

Garnet in metapelites from the Wölz Complex of the Austroalpine crystalline basement east of the Tauern Window characteristically consists of two growth phases, which preserve a comprehensive record of the geothermal history during polymetamorphism. From numerical modelling of garnet formation, detailed information on the pressure–temperature–time (P–T–t) evolution during prograde metamorphism is obtained. In that respect, the combined influences of chemical fractionation associated with garnet growth, modification of the original growth zoning through intragranular diffusion and the nucleation history on the chemical zoning of garnet as P and T change during growth are considered. The concentric chemical zoning observed in garnet and the homogenous rock matrix, which is devoid of chemical segregation, render the simulation of garnet growth through successive equilibrium states reliable. Whereas the first growth phase of garnet was formed at isobaric conditions of ～3.8 kbar at low heating/cooling rates, the second growth phase grew along a Barrovian P–T path marked with a thermal peak of ～625°C at ～10 kbar and a maximum in P of ～10.4 kbar at ～610°C. For the heating rate during the growth of the second phase of garnet, average rates faster than 50°C Ma^?1 are obtained. From geochronological investigations the first growth phase of garnet from the Wölz Complex pertains to the Permian metamorphic event. The second growth phase grew in the course of Eo-Alpine metamorphism during the Cretaceous.  相似文献   

内磁层电流体系的地磁效应   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

徐文耀 《地球物理学报》1992,35(1):1-8

对Ⅱ区场向电流及其伴随的部分环电流和电离层电流组成的内磁层三维电流体系（PRFI电流系）的磁场效应进行了数值计算.这一三维电流体系在中低纬度地面产生的磁场呈现出特殊的纬度分布:X分量几乎不随纬度变化,Y分量随纬度增高近似呈线性变化.这些特征明显不同于对称环电流的磁场分布特征（X∝ cosφ,φ是纬度,Y=0）,也不同于DP2、S_q、L等电流体系的磁场分布特征.利用这一特征我们可以从地磁台子午链观测到的磁场扰动中分离出PRFI电流系的贡献.用1989年3月磁暴的实例检验了上述模型,观测结果与理论结果符合得很好.分析结果还表明,最大的D_st指数并不一定对应着最强的对称环电流.  相似文献   

The influence of microform bed roughness elements on flow and sediment transport in gravel bed rivers     

Marwan A. Hassan  Ian Reid 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1990,15(8):739-750

Pebble clusters are reported widely as characteristic of gravel river beds and are known to influence the initial entrainment of bedload. A field assessment suggests that their distribution is not ubiquitous, favouring channel bars, but also reveals a tendency towards a preferred stream wise spacing. A series of laboratory flume experiments shows that flow resistance rises to, and falls from, a peak value as the longitudinal spacing of pebble clusters decreases, in a manner similar to that shown by others for strip roughness, isolated blocks, and simulated ripples and dunes. The experiments also reveal a strong inverse relationship between bedload flux rates and the flow resistance induced by the concentration of pebble clusters. It is concluded that pebble cluster spacing tends towards an equilibrium that is regulated by a feedback process involving sediment transport rates and that the spatial concentration of these microforms will adjust to the point where they induce maximum flow resistance.  相似文献   

The magnetospheric disturbance ring current as a source for probing the deep earth electrical conductivity     

Wallace H. Campbell 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1990,134(4):541-557

Two current rings have been observed in the equatorial plane of the earth at times of high geomagnetic activity. An eastward current exists between about 2 and 3.5 earth radii (Re) distant, and a larger, more variable companion current exists between about 4 and 9 Re. These current regions are loaded during geomagnetic substorms. They decay, almost exponentially, after the cessation of the particle influx that attends the solar wind disturbance. This review focuses upon characteristics needed for intelligent use of the ring current as a source for induction probing of the earth's mantle. Considerable difficulties are found with the assumption thatDst is a ring-current index.  相似文献   

CTM-302型三分量高分辨率磁通门磁力仪的研制与应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘士忠  汤静波 《地球物理学报》1990,33(5):566-576

本文主要介绍CTM-302型三分量高分辨率磁通门磁力仪的技术指标与用途,仪器的结构与工作原理,技术指标的测试与对比以及应用情况;并通过国内外同类型产品的技术指标对比表提供了各项指标的水平。  相似文献   

海平面上升的海岸形态响应研究方法与进展   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12  

李恒鹏  杨桂山 《地球科学进展》2000,15(5):598-603

海岸带是人口最稠密的地带,全世界几乎一半的人口生活在沿海地区[1](根据UNCEDDE的定义,以距海岸线150 km计)。受全球变化,尤其是21世纪海平面加速上升的影响,海岸将发生复杂的形态响应过程,包括海岸侵蚀、滩地淹没和湿地沉积平衡的调整等,从而危害人类的生存和发展,引起世界沿海各国政府和科学界的广泛关注。从海平面上升海岸响应历史记录研究、海岸均衡剖面研究和形态响应模拟研究三个方面概述了海平面上升海岸形态响应的国内外研究进展,并对各种研究方法的适用范围、优点及局限性进行了讨论。  相似文献   

北半球冰川物质平衡变化的若干特征及其气候意义   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

丁永建  刘时银 《地球科学进展》1996,11(6):590-596

根据北半球连续观测的４０多条冰川物质平衡资料，分析了目前冰川物质平衡状态及影响它们的地形因互。冰川物质平衡的变化在区域间存在着一定的联系：斯堪的纳维亚、落基山和天山地 区冰川物质平衡的变化在大多数时间内存在着对应联 系，而与阿尔卑斯山冰川物质平衡的变化具有不同程度的反向波动特征。  相似文献   

多圆环柱域上解析函数边值问题再论     

王莉萍 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,31(2):293-296

讨论多圆环柱域上多个复变量的解析函数的一般形式的 Riemann- Hilbert边值问题。通过函数的解析变换 ,导出了解析函数一般形式的 Riemann- Hilbert边值问题的可解性 ,并给出了解的积分表达式。  相似文献   

A Ring Model for Limit Analysis of Spatial XX Tubular Joints     

Chen Tieyun  Liu Pu  Wang Deyu Professor  Shanghai Jiaotong University  Shanghai . Postdoctor  Shanghai Jiaotong University  Shanghai 《中国海洋工程》1994,(3)

-A ring model is developed to investigate the ultimate strength of tubular X and XX joints in the case that the brace is compressed. In the present analysis, the tubular joint is made of elasto-perfectly-plastic material, and the arch element of the chord section intersecting with the brace is assumed to be rigid. It is found that when 6 plastic hinges for X joint and 8 plastic hinges Tor XX joint appear in the ring, the limit state is reached, and by means of the equivalent ring width Be formula proposed in a previous paper by the authors, the ultimate strength of tubular X and XX joints subjected to compression can be obtained.  相似文献   

Inertial Instability of Arbitrarily Meandering Currents Governed by the Eccentrically Cyclogeostrophic Equation     

Hideo Kawai 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(2):163-172

Using natural coordinates, we have derived a criterion for the inertial instability of arbitrarily meandering currents. Such currents, governed by the eccentrically cyclogeostrophic equation, are adopted as the basic current field for the parcel method. We assume that any virtual displacement which is given to a water parcel moving in the basic field has no influence on this field. From the conservation of mechanical energy for a virtual displacement we derive an inertial instability frequency ω _m = [(f + 2u/r)Z]^0.5 for the eccentrically cyclogeostrophic current, where f is the Coriolis parameter, u the velocity (always positive), r the radius of curvature of a streamline (negative for an anticyclonic meander), and Z the vertical component of absolute vorticity. If ω _m ² is negative, the eccentrically cyclogeostrophic current becomes unstable. Although the conventional, centrifugal instability criterion, derived from the conservation of angular momentum in a circularly symmetric current field, has a certain meaning for a monopolar vortex, it contains a radial shear vorticity that is difficult to use in arbitrarily meandering currents. The new criterion ω _m ² contains a lateral shear vorticity that is applicable to arbitrarily meandering currents. Examining instabilities of concentric rings with radii of 50–100 km, we consider reasons why the anticyclonic supersolid rotation has been very much less frequently observed than the cyclonic supersolid rotation, despite a prediction of some common stability and a rapid change in radial velocity gradient for the former. Classifying eccentric streamlines into the large and small curvature-gradient types, we point out that the large-gradient curvature in anticyclonic rings is apt to be unstable. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献