The variational technique of data assimilation using adjoint equations in a shallow water model     

Sujit Basu  V Subramanian  P C Pandey 《Journal of Earth System Science》1993,102(4):521-536

The variational technique of data assimilation using adjoint equations has been illustrated using a nonlinear oceanographic shallow water model. The technique consists of minimizing a cost function representing the misfit between the model and the data subject to the model equations acting as constraints. The problem has been transformed into an unconstrained one by the use of Lagrange multipliers. Particular emphasis has been laid on finite difference formulation of the algorithm. Several numerical experiments have been conducted using simulated data obtained from a control run of the model. Implications of this technique for assimilating asynoptic satellite altimeter data into ocean models have been discussed.  相似文献   

ANALYSIS ON THE DEBRIS FLOW SURGES     

Wang Guangqian 《国际泥沙研究》1994,(3)

ＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＯＮＴＨＥＤＥＢＲＩＳＦＬＯＷＳＵＲＧＥＳ￥ＷａｎｇＧｕａｎｇｑｉａｎ（Ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ，Ｄｅｐｔ．ｏｆＨｙｄｒａｕｌｉｃＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，ＴｓｉｎｇｈｕａＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｆｕｎｄａ...  相似文献   

A stochastic integral equation analog of rainfall-runoff processes for evaluating modeling uncertainty     

T. V. Hromodka II  R. J. Whitley 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1994,8(4):259-268

In this paper a very general rainfall-runoff model structure (described below) is shown to reduce to a unit hydrograph model structure. For the general model, a multi-linear unit hydrograph approach is used to develop subarea runoff, and is coupled to a multi-linear channel flow routing method to develop a link-node rainfall-runoff model network. The spatial and temporal rainfall distribution over the catchment is probabilistically related to a known rainfall data source located in the catchment in order to account for the stochastic nature of rainfall with respect to the rain gauge measured data. The resulting link node model structure is a series of stochastic integral equations, one equation for each subarea. A cumulative stochastic integral equation is developed as a sum of the above series, and includes the complete spatial and temporal variabilities of the rainfall over the catchment. The resulting stochastic integral equation is seen to be an extension of the well-known single area unit hydrograph method, except that the model output of a runoff hydrograph is a distribution of outcomes (or realizations) when applied to problems involving prediction of storm runoff; that is, the model output is a set of probable runoff hydrographs, each outcome being the results of calibration to a known storm event.  相似文献   

线性方程组的正则化解法及其应用     

焦荣昌 《物探与化探》1994,18(3):200-208

在重力资料反演解释中,正则化法解线性方程组是一个行之有效的方法。这种方法的特点是引入正则化因子,求泛函极小和构组一族正则化近似并从中寻求最佳解。在求解过程中,要求对所求的解答预先有一个初步的推断解释。为此,要求对所解释的问题先进行一番研究,并对综合利用各种方法和手段所获得的先验资料进行对比,提出比较合适的基望值。本文给出了一个参数为已知的理论模型体的横剖面,与正则化法和其它线性方程解法的结果作对比,说明正则化法的有效性。文章也给出了利用正则化法对横穿吕宋岛、马尼拉海沟的一段地质地球物理剖面以及中国南黄海海域内─地质地球物理调查剖面进行反演解释的应用效果。  相似文献   

Probabilistic modeling of aerated lagoons: A comparison of methodologies     

R. Leduc  S. Ouldali 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1990,4(1):65-81

Two stochastic models are developed to describe the BOD output (i.e. effluent) variation of facultative aerated lagoons in series. One of the models uses the uncertainty analysis (UA) technique and the other is based on the moment equation solution methodology of stochastic differential equations (SDE's). The former considers a second-order approximation of the expectation (SOAE) and a first-order approximation of the variance (FOAV). The SDE model considers that output variability is accounted for by random variations in the rate coefficient. Comparisons are provided. Calibration and verification of the two models are aciieved by using field observations from two different lagoon systems in series. The predictive performances of the two models are compared with each other and with another SDE model, presented in a previous paper, that considers input randomness. The three methods show similar predictive performances and provide good predictions of the mean and standard deviation of the lagoon effluent BOD concentrations and thus are considered as appropriate methodologies.  相似文献   

Practical aspects of stochastic dynamic tidal modelling     

A. W. Heemink 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1988,2(2):137-150

Kalman filtering for stochastic dynamic tidal models, is a hyperbolic filtering problem. The questions of observability and stability of the filter as well as the effects of the finite difference approximation on the filter performance are studied. The degradation of the performance of the filter, in case an erroneous filter model is used, is investigated. In this paper we discuss these various practical aspects of the application of Kalman filtering for tidal flow identification problems. Filters are derived on the basis of the linear shallow water equations. Analytical methods are used to study the performance of the filters under a variety of circumstances.  相似文献   

一类时滞差分方程解的有界振动     

陈中慧 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1997,(2)

研究一类二阶时滞差分方程，得到该类方程一切有界解都振动的新的充分条件  相似文献   

A Gibbs–Pitzer function for high-salinity seawater thermodynamics     

Rainer Feistel  Giles M. Marion   《Progress in Oceanography》2007,74(4):515-539

A high-salinity Gibbs function for seawater is derived from Pitzer equations of the sea salt components, in conjunction with the 2003 Gibbs function of seawater for low salinities. Various properties, computed from both formulations by thermodynamic rules, are compared with each other, and with high-salinity measurements. The new Gibbs–Pitzer function presented in this paper is valid in the range 0–110 g kg⁻¹ in absolute salinity, −7 to +25 °C in temperature, and 0–100 MPa in applied pressure. The formulation is expressed in the International Temperature Scale 1990 (ITS-90), and is consistent with the International Standard for Fluid Water (IAPWS-95), and with the 2005/2006 equations of state of ice Ih.  相似文献   

Modelling linear wave transformation induced by dissipative structures—Regular waves     

R. Silva  E. Mendoza  M.A. Losada 《Ocean Engineering》2006,33(16):2150-2173

A numerical model of the modified time-independent mild-slope equation for linear waves over a rapidly changing finite porous bed is presented. In this solution the reflection and phase coefficient shift are solved implicitly. Boundaries are assumed to be open, partially reflecting, or fully absorbing through the second-order parabolic approximation. Discretisation of the governing equation and boundary conditions is by means of a second-order accurate central difference scheme. The resulting sparse-banded matrix is solved using an inexpensive banded solver with Gaussian elimination. The model has been validated and the numerical predictions are in excellent agreement with analytical solutions.  相似文献   

Modelling of high amplitude internal waves integrating the primitive (Navier–Stokes) equations     

D. J. Wood  J. Grue 《Applied Ocean Research》2002,24(6):331-340

In this paper we use an industrial Navier–Stokes (NS) solver to model high amplitude internal waves. The model simulates a fluid with a shallow upper layer with linear stratification and a deep lower layer with constant density, relevant to conditions in the ocean at several locations. Waves are generated by trapping a volume of light water behind a gate in one end of the numerical wave tank. The velocity and vorticity fields predicted by the model agree well with experiment. The high amplitude waves produced by the NS solver experience an upper bound on the velocity and a broadening in agreement with experiment. These effects have not previously been captured by theoretical models.  相似文献