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21.
烃类储集层是一种复合多相介质，在固体颗粒的空隙中含有气体或液体. 研究弹性波在该类地层中的传播规律对于油气勘探开发，特别对于全波列声波测井有重要意义. 为了提高孔隙弹性介质数值模拟的计算效率，本文采用改进显式交错网格有限差分算法取代常用的空间域四阶和时间域二阶的速度 - 应力有限差分算法，算法的空间域为八阶、时间域为二阶. 虽然计算的时间步长略小于空间域四阶的情形，但高阶有限差分算法可以选择较粗糙的网格，因此补偿了计算的低效；同时高阶交错网格有限差分算法的空间频散性比低阶算法小. 利用该算法计算了一个两层模型的波场，同时还模拟了等效弹性和孔隙弹性模型中波的传播. 结果表明慢波及其影响明显，尽管慢波衰减很快，但被某一界面反射后，转换形成的P波和S波仍以正常的方式传播，且比慢波衰减小. 相似文献
22.
基于有限差分强度折减法的略阳电厂边坡稳定性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
将强度折减理论应用于边坡稳定性分析中,借助FLAC/SLOPE有限差分分析程序,选择弹塑性Mohr-Coulomb模型及其破坏准则,以大唐略阳电厂边坡作为工程实例,分析了该边坡的稳定性,并与传统的Bishop法、Janbu法等方法计算所得边坡稳定系数进行了对比分析。结果表明,有限差分强度折减法能更加真实地反映边坡的实际情况,求得的边坡稳定系数更接近边坡的实际稳定状态,显示出其在边坡稳定性分析中的一定优势。 相似文献
23.
为研究瑞雷面波的形成机理及传播规律，促进瑞雷面波资料处理方法的发展，本文根据弹性波方程，采用交错网格有限差分数值求解算法，对浅层各向同性弹性介质进行了包括瑞雷面波和体波在内的全波场模拟. 提出了变系数吸收边界条件并将之应用于正演模拟，使边界条件的处理简单而高效，同时给出了角点的处理方法. 对工程勘察中常见的连续和层状介质模型进行了模拟，获得了更加接近实际情况的地震记录. 结合模拟记录，探讨了瑞雷面波的形成条件，同时讨论了震源埋深对面波能量的影响. 相似文献
24.
苏北大陆科学钻探靶区深反射地震的叠前深度偏移 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
由于深反射地震数据具有信噪比低和记录长度长等特点,叠前深度偏移方法的应用有许多困难．为此,我们研究了一种适合于深反射地震的叠前深度偏移方法;包括：用逆风有限差分方法计算程函方程;在常规速度扫描的基础上,用协方差控制提高速度分析精度;用联合反演算法计算层速度,再插值后得到初始速度模型;用Ｋｉｒｃｈｈｏｆｆ法作为偏移速度分析工具,求得最终的速度模型;最终的速度模型作为有限差分深度偏移的输入,求得最终的偏移结果．用该方法对“中国大陆科学深钻工程”东海二维深反射地震数据ＤＨ－４线进行了叠前深度偏移,取得了良好的效果。 相似文献
25.
页岩的强各向异性特征挑战地震波传播数值模拟方法的精度极限, 特别是易引起频散的高频波(>100 Hz)传播的数值模拟.鉴于目前我国页岩气地震勘探主要以常规地震声波资料为主,本文首先介绍了一种VTI介质声波方程的任意偶数阶有限差分数值模拟方法,并讨论其稳定性条件和吸收边界条件.任意偶数阶的差分解可有效提高计算精度,压制数值频散噪声.针对页岩较强的各向异性特征,本文比较了不同模型的声波方程和VTI介质声波方程计算得到的地震响应.数值结果表明,各向异性对地震波的运动学(相位)和动力学(振幅)特性影响作用明显.因此,在页岩气地震勘探资料处理的各个环节必须充分考虑各向异性的影响,采取有别于常规油气勘探的处理流程和技术. 相似文献
26.
In seismic exploration, it is common practice to separate the P-wavefield from the S-wavefield by the elastic wavefield decomposition technique, for imaging purposes. However, it is sometimes difficult to achieve this, especially when the velocity field is complex. A useful approach in multi-component analysis and modeling is to directly solve the elastic wave equations for the pure P- or S-wavefields, referred as the separate elastic wave equations. In this study, we compare two kinds of such wave equations: the first-order (velocity–stress) and the second-order (displacement–stress) separate elastic wave equations, with the first-order (velocity–stress) and the second-order (displacement–stress) full (or mixed) elastic wave equations using a high-order staggered grid finite-difference method. Comparisons are given of wavefield snapshots, common-source gather seismic sections, and individual synthetic seismogram. The simulation tests show that equivalent results can be obtained, regardless of whether the first-order or second-order separate elastic wave equations are used for obtaining the pure P- or S-wavefield. The stacked pure P- and S-wavefields are equal to the mixed wave fields calculated using the corresponding first-order or second-order full elastic wave equations. These mixed equations are computationally slightly less expensive than solving the separate equations. The attraction of the separate equations is that they achieve separated P- and S-wavefields which can be used to test the efficacy of wave decomposition procedures in multi-component processing. The second-order separate elastic wave equations are a good choice because they offer information on the pure P-wave or S-wave displacements. 相似文献
27.
In this paper, we present an improvement to our previously published nearly analytic discrete method (NADM) to solve acoustic
and elastic wave equations. We compare the numerical errors of the improved NADM with the original NADM and also the fourth-order
Lax–Wendroff correction and present examples of three-component wave fields in 2D transversely isotropic media with strong
velocity contrasts. Comparing with the original NADM, we find that the improved method requires significantly less storage
space and can increase the time accuracy from second order of the original NADM to fourth order, while the space accuracy
remains the same as that of the original one. Theoretical analyses and numerical results suggest that our improved NADM is
suitable for large-scale numerical modelling as it can effectively suppress numerical dispersion and source-generated noises
caused by discretising wave equations when too-coarse grids are used. 相似文献
28.
交错网格高阶差分方法是一种在保持效率的前提下提高弹性波模拟精度的有效方法.本文将可变空间网格与变化的时间步长技术引入到交错网格高阶差分弹性波模拟中,提出一种空间网格可任意奇数倍变化与时间步长任意变化的交错网格高阶差分弹性波模拟方法.一系列数值试验表明,该方法能够在保证模拟精度的同时,通过有效降低空间与时间维度上的过采样来显著提高弹性波模拟的效率.同时,该方法还能够精细刻画含孔缝洞介质以及横向变化剧烈介质的局部细微结构,减小弹性波模拟误差,提高介质细微结构处的弹性波传播模拟精度. 相似文献
29.
由于海底介质受沉积环境的影响,层理发育呈现明显各向异性特征.对于海洋可控源电磁法各向异性的研究以往主要局限于一维和二维模型,为更深入了解复杂情况下海底各向异性对海洋可控源电磁响应的影响规律,本文开展三维任意各向异性介质中海洋可控源电磁法正演研究.采用交错网格有限差分技术,通过对任意各向异性介质电导率张量实行体积和空间电流密度平均,完成海洋可控源电磁二次散射电场的离散化,成功实现任意各向异性介质中海洋可控源电磁正演模拟.通过对几种典型各向异性电性模型条件下海洋电磁电场多分量响应及分布特征和各向同性情况的对比分析,总结电各向异性对海洋电磁响应的影响规律和识别方法.本文算法研究及算例可为海洋可控源电磁数据精细化处理解释提供技术支撑. 相似文献
30.
We have compared near-fault ground motions from TeraShake simulations of Mw7.7 earthquake scenarios on the southern San Andreas Fault with precariously balanced rock locations. The TeraShake scenarios
with different directions of rupture generate radically different ground motions to the northwest of the Los Angeles Basin,
primarily because of directivity effects, and thus provide constraints on the ground motion and rupture direction for the
latest (1690) large event on that section of the San Andreas Fault. Due to the large directional near-field ground motions
predicted by the simulations, we expect the precariously balanced rocks to be located primarily in the backward rupture direction
or near the epicenter. Preliminary results favor persistent nucleation at or slightly northwest of the San Gorgonia Pass fault
zone for large earthquakes on the southern San Andreas Fault. 相似文献